Halbmondlager
Halbmondlager (known in English as the "Half Moon Camp")[1] was a prisoner-of-war camp in Wünsdorf (now part of Zossen), Germany, during the First World War.
The camp housed between 4,000 and 5,000 Muslim prisoners who had fought for the Allied side. The intended purpose of the camp was to convince detainees to wage offensive jihad against the United Kingdom and France. To that end, "detainees lived in relative luxury and were given everything they needed to practise their faith".[2] It was the site of the first mosque to be built in Germany, a large and ornate wooden structure finished in July 1915.[2][3] The mosque, modelled on the Dome of the Rock, was demolished in 1925–26 owing to disrepair.[4] There were also about 80 Sikh prisoners and some Hindus from British India held in the camp, along with around 50 Irishmen.[2] A subcamp, known as Inderlager (Camp of Indians), was established to house prisoners from India who were not openly pro-British; those who were pro-British had been sent to other camps instead.[5]
The leader of the "jihad experiment" was Max von Oppenheim, a German diplomat and aristocrat. He established an office nearby to lead a propaganda campaign with the "show camp", "self-consciously styled as a theatre for the wider world", at its centre. Oppenheim was assisted by Shaykh Sâlih al-Sharîf, a Tunisian who had served in the Ottoman Empire's intelligence agency. He served as a spiritual leader for the detainees.[2]
Up to 3,000 of the detainees from the camp were recruited into the German Army to fight in North Africa and the Middle East. However, low morale and troop revolt plagued the resulting divisions, and few believed in the jihadist cause. In 1917 the remaining prisoners were put to agricultural labour in Romania.[2]
The story of the camp was largely omitted from English-language texts until nearly a century after the war. It was discussed extensively in German history works.[2]
References
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Further reading
- Gerhard Höpp: Die Wünsdorfer Moschee. Eine Episode islamischen Lebens in Deutschland, 1915-1930. In: Die Welt des Islams, 1996, pages 204–218. (German)
- Gerhard Höpp: Muslime in der Mark. Als Kriegsgefangene und Internierte in Wünsdorf und Zossen, 1914–1924. Verlag Das Arabische Buch, Berlin 1997, ISBN 978-3-87997-590-7 (German)
- Martin Gussone: Die Moschee im Wünsdorfer „Halbmondlager“ zwischen Gihad-Propaganda und Orientalismus. In: Markus Ritter, Lorenz Korn (Hrsg.): Beiträge zur Islamischen Kunst und Archäologie, Reichert, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-89500-766-8, pages 204–232. (German)
- Hanno Kabel: Gefangen unter der Moschee. In: Berliner Zeitung, 6 April 1996 (German)
- Gefangene Bilder. Wissenschaft und Propaganda im Ersten Weltkrieg. Benedikt Burkard (ed.). Petersberg, Imhof Verlag, 2014. ISBN 9783731900696 (Exhibition catalog Historisches Museum Frankfurt in Kooperation mit dem Frobenius-Institut an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt und dem Institut français d'histoire en Allemagne / On occasion of an exhibition held at Historisches Museum Frankfurt, September 11, 2014 - February 15, 2015)
External links
Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
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