Hamont dialect
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| Hamont dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Belgium |
| Region | Hamont-Achel |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
Hamont dialect or Hamont Limburgish is the city dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Belgian city of Hamont (a part of Hamont-Achel) alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible).[1]
Phonology
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Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Dorsal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | |
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ɦ | |
| Trill | ʀ | |||||
| Approximant | β | l | j | |||
- Voiceless consonants are regressively assimilated.[2] An example of this is the past tense of regular verbs, where voiceless stops and fricatives are voiced before the past tense morpheme [də].[2]
- Word-final voiceless consonants are voiced in intervocalic position.[2]
Vowels
Monophthongs of the Hamont dialect, from Verhoeven (2007:221). Note that the unstressed vowel /ə/ is not shown, and that phonetically, short /y/ is more like [ʏ] than [y]. This is not reflected on this vowel chart.[3]
Centering diphthongs of the Hamont dialect, from Verhoeven (2007:221)
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː | ||
| Close-mid | ɪ | eː | øː | ʏ | oː | |||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɛː | œ | œː | ə | ɔ | ɔː | |
| Open | æ | æː | aː | ɑ | ɑː | |||
- Verhoeven (2007) does not consider /ɪ/–/eː/ to be a short–long pair.[5] They have nevertheless been placed in the table in that manner to save space. The same applies to the phonetically mid vowel /ə/, which has been placed in the open-mid column.
- Phonetically, /y/ is near-close near-front [ʏ], /ɪ/ is close-mid front [e], /ʏ/ is close-mid central [ɵ], /æ, æː/ are open front [a, aː], whereas /aː/ is open central [äː].[3]
- Among the central vowels, /ʏ/ is rounded, whereas /ə, aː/ are unrounded.
- /ə/ occurs only in unstressed syllables.[2]
- Among the back vowels, /u, uː, oː, ɔ, ɔː/ are rounded, whereas /ɑ, ɑː/ are unrounded.
| Starting point | Ending point | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
| short | long | short | long | short | short | long | ||
| Close | long unrounded | iːə | ||||||
| long rounded | yːə uːə | |||||||
| Mid | short | ɛi | ɛiː | œy | œyː | ɔu | ɔuː | |
| long | oːə ɔːə | |||||||
| Open | short | ɑu | ɑuː | |||||
Prosody
Like most other Limburgish dialects, but unlike some other dialects in this area,[7][8] the prosody of the Hamont dialect has a lexical tone distinction, which is traditionally referred to as sleeptoon ('dragging tone') or Accent 1 and stoottoon ('push tone') or Accent 2.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Verhoeven (2007), p. 219.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Verhoeven (2007), p. 220.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Verhoeven (2007), p. 221.
- ↑ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 220–222.
- ↑ Verhoeven (2007), p. 222.
- ↑ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 221–222.
- ↑ Schouten & Peeters (1996).
- ↑ Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998), p. 111.
- ↑ Verhoeven (2007), pp. 219, 223.
Bibliography
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