Hanoverian Southern Railway

Hanover–Kassel
Route number:	350 (ex 250, 257, 600)
Line length:	166
Track gauge:	1435
Voltage:	15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
Legend Line from Hamburg / Heath Railway Line from Minden / Line from Bremen Hanover S-Bahn S 1S 2S 4S 5 0.0 Hanover Hbf Line to Lehrte former line to Hannover Hbf Pferdeturm (sidings) Hannover LokalbfHannover-Altenbeken Railway Hannover Südbf(goods station, 1880~1995) former route to Altenbeken (until 1909) 3.1 Hannover Bismarckstr. 3.6 Hannover Bismarkstr. junction(HSL) Line to Altenbeken S 1S 2S 5 Hanover freight bypass from freight bypass 7.0 Hannover-Wülfel(passenger station until 1977) former Messe station (1953 to 1998) 8.0 Hannover Messe/Laatzen 11.9 Rethen (Leine) high-speed line to Göttingen Innerste 18.4 Sarstedt 21.4 HSL to Göttingen 22.8 Barnten Line to Hildesheim S 4 26.5 Nordstemmen(Keilbahnhof) Leine 29.7 Poppenburg 32.9 Elze (Han) 32.9 former line to Bodenburg 32.9 Line to Hamelin 39.0 Banteln 42.2 Brüggen (Han) 45.8 Godenau 49.8 Alfeld (Leine) Leine 58.7 Freden (Leine) Line from Seesen (Harz) 68.8 Kreiensen(Keilbahnhof) Line to Osterode am Harz Line to Holzminden 76.8 Ilme Railway from Einbeck 76.8 Einbeck-Salzderhelden 82.4 Edesheim HSL to Göttingen 850 Edesheim (Leine) Nord junctionto HSL 86.2 Edesheim (Leine) Süd junctionfrom HSL Rhume South Harz Railway from Nordhausen 88.6 Northeim (Han)(Keilbahnhof) HSL from Hanover Solling Railway to Ottbergen 92.0 Sudheim 97.8 Nörten-Hardenberg to Reyershausen (Kalischacht) 101.7 Bovenden Bovender Cover (400 m) Line to Bodenfelde 106.6 Göttingen freight yard 108.1 Göttingen Leine Garte Valley Railway to Duderstadt (narrow gauge) line to Bebra (110.6) Göttingen Siekweg junction HSL to Kassel 113.1 Groß Ellershausen 123.8 Dransfeld 132.1 Oberscheden Volkmarshäuser Tunnel (325 m) 136.2 Volkmarshausen 140.5 Münden-Nord 141.0 Hann. Münden port railway Werra Line from Halle 142.0 Hannoversch Münden 144.8 Bonaforth siding 148.7 Wilhelmshausen planned connecting line to Warburg 151.4 Speele 155.2 Kragenhof Fulda, Lower Saxony–Hesse state border x20px HSL from Göttingen x20px Lohberg tunnel (1039 m) 157.6 Fuldatal-Ihringshausen 161.3 Vellmar-Niedervellmar x20px Connecting line from Warburg Kassel Nordwest junction 162.4 Kassel Rbf (marshalling yard) Nord 163.8 Kassel Rbf HSL to Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe Freightline to Kassel Unterstadt Line from Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe Northern Railway from Warburg System change: 15 kV~ / 600 V= 166.2 Kassel Hbf RegioTram Kassel

The Hanoverian Southern Railway (German: Hannöversche Südbahn) is a historical term but it is still a common name for the line between Hanover and Kassel. It is a German main line railway in Lower Saxony and is one of the oldest lines in Germany, opened between 1853 and 1856 by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways.

History

File:Messebahnhof laatzen sst.jpg Messe/Laatzen station

File:Sarstedt-Bahnhof-1-2005.jpg Sarstedt station

Freden (Leine) station

File:Goettingen-Triebwagen-von-Bruecke-Rinschenrott.jpg A railcar leaves Göttingen towards Nordhausen (South Harz line).

File:Göttingen rail trail, cyclists.jpg Section of cycle path on the former Dransfeld Ramp

File:Volkmarshausen Tunnel 1 Jul05.jpg Southern portal to the abandoned Volkmarshaus Tunnel, first rail tunnel in the Kingdom of Hanover

Its northern sections from Hanover to Alfeld (opened in 1853) and Alfeld to Göttingen (opened in 1854) are part of a once important north-south route that continues in operation. The southern section, known as the Dransfeld Ramp (German: Dransfelder rampe) from Göttingen to Hannoverian Münden opened on 8 May 1856 and closed in stages between 1980 to 1995. The connection from Hann. Münden to Kassel was added in 1856 and continues in operation as part of the Halle–Kassel line.

The term Hanoverian Southern Railway fell out of official use after the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia after the War of 1866, but is now used by railway enthusiasts for the section between Hanover and Göttingen.

This line was built by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways and was therefore also intended to connect the trading centre of Münden with the capital of the Kingdom of Hanover. The route to Göttingen ran relatively easily through the Leine Valley, although it bypassed the major brewing city of Einbeck. In order to avoid passing through the former state of the Electorate of Hesse (Kurhessen), the line continued south through difficult terrain with steep grades between Dransfeld and Münden, known accordingly as the Dransfeld Ramp.

Until the 1960s, this whole length of the line was one of the most important lines in Germany. Due to the nearby post-war Inner German border, most rail traffic moved in a north-south direction, which made route the second busiest north-south link after those next to the Rhine between Cologne and Frankfurt (West and East Rhines).

This changed in the case of the Dransfeld Ramp when in 1963 with the electrification of the North–South line between Hanover and Gemünden am Main and in 1964 with the electrification of the connecting Werra Valley line between Kassel, Münden and Eichenberg. The Göttingen–Dransfeld–Münden section remained unwired. After that trains took the route via Eichenberg, although it was eight kilometres longer, because it had much gentler grades and was electrified. The Dransfelder ramp had three trains each way on weekdays until 1980, when passenger services on section were closed. Two years later the track between Göttingen and Dransfeld was dismantled. The rest of the section was served from Münden for 10 to 15 years as a freight siding, which was followed by the closure and partial degradation of the track.

In response to the ever increasing traffic of the route in the 1960s, it was provided with new interlocking technology and additional passing tracks and upgraded infrastructure. The continuing increase in traffic led to consideration of the construction of a new line.

With the introduction of hourly InterCity (IC) trains on the Hanover–Göttingen line it became chronically overloaded. IC trains shared the track with express, commuter and freight trains. As a result of its terminal station layout, Kassel was left out of the IC network, with trains taking the Göttingen–Bebra route.

During the establishment of the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed line, part of the Southern Railway near Northeim was moved to the east. Only after operations commenced on the new line in November 1985, could work begin on the new line. In Hanover and Laatzen nine crossings were abolished as part of the building of the high-speed line. More crossings were abolished in the common section between Göttingen and Edesheim.

With the opening of the high-speed railway in 1991, most of the long-distance traffic on the Southern Railway moved to the new line.

Operation today

Long-distance trains run almost exclusively on the high-speed line. Approximate hourly regional trains run on the Southern Railway on the Hamburg–Uelzen–Hanover-Göttingen route, operated by Metronom. Night trains and car-carrying passenger trains also use the "old" line. The line continues to be used frequently by freight trains.

Since the closure of the Dransfeld route to passenger trains in May 1980 all trains between Göttingen and Kassel run via Eichenberg, except high-speed trains, which run on the high-speed route.

Dransfeld ramp

The former section from Göttingen via Dransfeld to Hanoverian Münden is largely converted to a bicycle track or a habitat for fauna and flora, where it has become overgrown. Parts are now built over with houses or commercial buildings.