Master of the Rolls

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This article is about the English office. For the Irish office, see Master of the Rolls in Ireland.
Master of the Rolls of England and Wales
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
The Judiciary of England and Wales
Incumbent
Lord Dyson
since 1 October 2012
Style The Right Honourable
Nominator Judicial Appointments Commission
Appointer The Sovereign on recommendation of Prime Minister and Lord Chancellor, who are in turn given recommendations by a selection panel.
Term length Life tenure; Retirement at age 70 or 75 if appointed to a judicial post before 31 March 1995
Inaugural holder John Langton
Formation 2 September 1286
Deputy Lord Justice Moore-Bick
Salary £214,165
Website The Judiciary of England and Wales

The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the third most senior judge in England and Wales after the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Lord Chief Justice, and serves as the presiding officer of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal and Head of Civil Justice. The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.[1]

The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls", or records, of the Court of Chancery, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.[2] The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.[3] The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520.[4] With the Judicature Act 1873, which merged the Court of Chancery with the other major courts, the Master of the Rolls joined the Chancery Division of the High Court and the Court of Appeal,[5] but left the Chancery Division by the terms of the Judicature Act 1881. He retained his clerical functions as the nominal head of the Public Record Office until the Public Records Act 1958 transferred responsibility for it to the Lord Chancellor. The Master of the Rolls was also previously responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts.[6]

One of the most prominent people to hold the position was Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII. Lord Dyson succeeded Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury as Master of the Rolls on 1 October 2012.[7] On 26 May 2016, 10 Downing Street announced that Sir Terence Etherton will succeed Lord Dyson in the office on 3 October.[8]

List of Masters of the Rolls

A Tudor man in a large coat and hat, possibly of fur, sitting at a desk
Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII
An elderly gentleman dressed in a black coat and hat, with a white ruff around his neck. He has a pointed, grey beard, and is holding a red bag with a coat of arms on it.
Sir Thomas Egerton, who served as Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor for 21 years
A middle-aged, slightly overweight man. He has long, curled hair, possibly a wig, and a heavy, decorated robe.
Sir John Trevor, the last Speaker of the British House of Commons to resign in over 400 years until the resignation of Michael Martin in 2009
A man sitting relaxed and facing the right. He is in full judicial dress, with a wig, suit and heavy robe.
Sir Nathaniel Lindley, who made key judgments in a variety of important cases and was the last Serjeant-at-Law appointed, the last to sit as a judge and the last surviving.
An elderly gentleman walking along. He is wearing a suit with grey trousers, over which is draped a heavy robe and a gold change. A black hat with a large white plume sits on his head. In the background stands a police woman separated from a group of people by a white cordon.
Sir Thomas Bingham, who helped establish the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
No. Name Period Other positions Notes
1 John Langton 2 September 1286 1 October 1295 Lord Chancellor 1292–1302, 1307–1310 [9][10]
2 Adam Osgodby 1 October 1295 19 August 1316
—
 [9]
3 William Airmyn 19 August 1316 26 May 1324
—
 [9]
4 Richard Airmyn 26 May 1324 4 July 1325
—
 [9]
5 Henry de Cliff 4 July 1325 20 January 1334
—
 [9]
6 Michael Wrath 20 January 1334 28 April 1337
—
 [9]
7 John de St Paul 28 April 1337 10 January 1341 Archbishop of Dublin 1349–1362, Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1350–1356 [11]
8 Thomas Evesham 10 January 1341 21 February 1341
—
 [11]
9 John Thoresby 21 February 1341 2 July 1346
—
 [11]
10 David Wollore 2 July 1346 28 March 1371
—
 [11]
11 William Burstall 28 March 1371 8 September 1381
—
 [11]
12 John Waltham 8 September 1381 24 October 1386 Lord Privy Seal 1386–1389, Lord Chancellor 1349–1356 [11][12]
13 John Burton 24 October 1386 22 July 1394
—
 [11]
14 John Scarle 22 July 1394 11 September 1397 Lord Chancellor 1399–1401 [11][13]
15 Thomas Stanley 11 September 1397 24 September 1402
—
 [11]
16 Nicholas Bubwith 24 September 1402 2 March 1405 Lord Privy Seal 1405–1406, Lord High Treasurer 1407–1408 [14][15]
17 John Wakering 2 March 1405 3 June 1415 Lord Privy Seal 1415–1416 [14][16]
18 Simon Gauntsede 3 June 1415 28 October 1423
—
 [14]
19 John Frank 28 October 1423 13 November 1438
—
 [14]
20 John Stopyndon 13 November 1438 29 March 1447
—
 [14]
21 John Kirkeby 29 March 1447 23 December 1461
—
 [14]
22 Robert Kirkeham 23 December 1461 12 February 1471
—
 [14]
23 William Morland 12 February 1471 29 April 1471
—
 [14]
24 Bishop John Alcock, statue, Worcester.jpg John Alcock 29 April 1471 16 March 1472 Lord Chancellor 1475, 1485–1487 [14][17]
25 John Morton 16 March 1472 9 January 1479 Lord Chancellor 1487–1500, Archbishop of Canterbury 1486–1500 [14][18]
26 Robert Morton 9 January 1479 22 September 1483
—
 [19]
27 Thomas Barowe 22 September 1483 22 August 1485
—
 [19]
28 Robert Morton 22 August 1485 26 February 1487
—
 [19]
29 David William 26 February 1487 5 May 1492
—
 [19]
30 John Blyth 5 May 1492 13 February 1494
—
 [19]
31 Hans Holbein d. J. 066.jpg William Warham 13 February 1494 1 February 1502 Keeper of the Great Seal 1502–1504, Lord Chancellor 1504–1515, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532 [19][20]
32 William Barnes 1 February 1502 13 November 1504
—
 [19]
33 Christopher Bainbridge 13 November 1504 22 January 1508 Archbishop of York 1508–1514 [19][21]
34 John Yonge 22 January 1508 12 May 1516
—
 [22]
35 CuthbertTunstall.jpg Cuthbert Tunstall 12 May 1516 20 October 1522 Lord Privy Seal 1523–1530 [22][23]
36 John Clerk 20 October 1522 9 October 1523
—
 [22]
37 Thomas Hannibal 9 October 1523 26 June 1527
—
 [22]
38 John Taylor 26 June 1527 8 October 1534 Archdeacon of Derby 1516–1533, Archdeacon of Buckingham 1516–1534 [22]
39 Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg Thomas Cromwell 8 October 1534 10 July 1536 Secretary of State 1533–1536, Lord Privy Seal 1536–1540 [22][24]
40 Christopher Hales 10 July 1536 1 July 1541 Solicitor General 1525–1529, Attorney General 1529–1536 [22][25]
41 Sir Robert Southwell 1 July 1541 13 December 1550
—
 [22]
42 John Beaumont 13 December 1550 18 June 1552
—
 [22]
43 Sir Robert Bowes 18 June 1552 18 September 1553
—
 [22]
44 Sir Nicholas Hare 18 September 1553 5 November 1557 Speaker of the House of Commons 1539–1540 [26][27]
45 Sir William Cordell 5 November 1557 30 May 1581 Solicitor General 1553–1557, Speaker of the House of Commons 1558 [26][28]
46 Sir Gilbert Gerard 30 May 1581 10 April 1594 Attorney General 1559–1581 [26][29]
47 Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley from NPG.jpg Sir Thomas Egerton 10 April 1594 18 May 1603 Solicitor General 1581–1592, Attorney General 1592–1594, Lord Chancellor 1596–1617, First Lord of the Treasury 1613–1614 [26][30]
48 LordKinloss.jpg Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss, 1st Lord Bruce 18 May 1603 14 January 1611
—
 [26]
49 Edward Phelips.jpg Sir Edward Phelips 14 January 1611 1 September 1614 Speaker of the House of Commons 1603–1611 [26][31]
50 97x97px Sir Julius Caesar 1 September 1614 18 April 1636 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606–1614 [26]
51 Sir Dudley Digges (c. 1583 – 1639).jpeg Sir Dudley Digges 18 April 1636 30 March 1639
—
 [26]
52 SirCharlesCaesar.jpg Sir Charles Caesar 30 March 1639 28 January 1643
—
 [26]
53 1stLordColepeper.jpg The Lord Colepeper (royalist) 28 January 1643 3 November 1660 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1642–1643 [26][32]
54 WilliamLenthall.jpg William Lenthall (parliamentary) 10 November 1643 14 May 1659 Speaker of the House of Commons 1640–1647, 1647–1653, 1654–1655, 1659–1660 [33][34]
55 Sir Harbottle Grimston.jpg Sir Harbottle Grimston, Bt 3 November 1660 12 January 1685 Speaker of the House of Commons 1660 [33][35]
56 Sir John Churchill 12 January 1685 20 October 1685 Attorney-General 1673–85[36] [33]
57 Sir John Trevor - detail.jpg Sir John Trevor 20 October 1685 13 March 1689
—
 [33]
58 Sir Henry Powle 13 March 1689 13 January 1693 Speaker of the House of Commons 1689 [33][37]
59 Sir John Trevor - detail.jpg Sir John Trevor 13 January 1693 13 July 1717 Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1689, 1693–1717 [33][38]
60 Joseph Jekyll - Richardson.jpeg Sir Joseph Jekyll 13 July 1717 9 October 1738
—
 [33]
61 Sir John Verney 9 October 1738 5 November 1741
—
 [33]
62 94x94px William Fortescue 5 November 1741 15 January 1750
—
 [33]
63 Sir John Strange 16 January 1750 18 May 1754 Solicitor General 1737–1742 [33][39]
64 Sir Thomas Clarke 25 May 1754 13 November 1764
—
 [40]
65 Sir Thomas Sewell 4 December 1764 30 March 1784
—
 [40]
66 Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon by William Davison.jpg Sir Lloyd Kenyon 30 March 1784 4 June 1788 Attorney General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Lord Chief Justice 1788–1802 [40][41]
67 Sir Richard Arden 4 June 1788 27 May 1801 Solicitor General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Attorney General 1784–1788, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1801–1804 [40][42]
68 Sir William Grant by Sir Thomas Lawrence.jpg Sir William Grant 1801 1817 Solicitor General 1799–1801 [40][43]
69 ThomasPlumer.jpg Sir Thomas Plumer 6 January 1818 5 April 1824 Solicitor General 1807–1812, Attorney General 1812–1813 [40][44]
70 RobertGifford.jpg The Lord Gifford 5 April 1824 14 September 1826 Solicitor General 1817–1819, Attorney General 1819–1824, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1824 [40][45]
71 1stLordLyndhurst.jpg Sir John Singleton Copley 14 September 1826 3 May 1827 Solicitor General 1819–1824, Attorney General 1824–1826, Lord Chancellor 1827–1830, 1834–1835, 1841–1846 [40][46]
72 SirJohnLeach.jpg Sir John Leach 3 May 1827 29 September 1834 Vice Chancellor of England 1818–1827 [40][47]
73 Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham by Charles Robert Leslie cropped.jpg Sir Charles Pepys, Bt 29 September 1834 16 January 1836 Solicitor General 1834, Lord Chancellor 1836–1841, 1846–1850 [40][48]
74 Henry Bickersteth, Baron Langdale (19th century) by George Richmond and John Henry Robinson.jpg The Lord Langdale 16 January 1836 28 March 1851
—
 [49]
75 1stLordRomilly.jpg The Lord Romilly 28 March 1851 30 August 1873 Solicitor General 1848, Attorney General 1850 [49]
76 SirGeorgeJessel.jpg Sir George Jessel 30 August 1873 21 March 1883 Solicitor General 1871–1873 [49][50]
77 William Baliol Brett.jpg The Lord Esher 3 April 1883 19 October 1897 Solicitor General 1868 [49][51]
78 LordLindley cropp.jpg Sir Nathaniel Lindley 19 October 1897 9 May 1900
—
 [49][52]
79 Portrait of Richard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone.jpg The Lord Alverstone 9 May 1900 24 October 1900 Lord Chief Justice 1900–1913 [49][53]
80 SirArchibaldLevinSmith.jpg Sir Archibald Levin Smith 24 October 1900 19 October 1901
—
 [49]
81 Sir Richard Collins 19 October 1901 6 March 1907
—
 [49][54]
82 1stLordCozensHardy.jpg Sir Herbert Cozens-Hardy 6 March 1907 3 May 1918 Created Baron Cozens-Hardy in 1914. [49]
83 1stLordSwinfen.jpg Sir Charles Swinfen Eady 3 May 1918 3 November 1919
—
 [49]
84 The Lord Sterndale 3 November 1919 7 August 1923 President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1918–1919 [55][56]
85 1stViscountHanworth.jpg Sir Ernest Pollock 11 October 1923 7 October 1935 Solicitor General 1919–1922, Attorney General 1922, created Baron Hanworth in 1926. [55][57]
86 98x98px The Lord Wright 7 October 1935 26 April 1937
—
 [55]
87 The Lord Greene 26 April 1937 1 June 1949
—
 [55]
88 The Lord Evershed 1 June 1949 19 April 1962 Created Baron Evershed in 1956. [55]
89 The Lord Denning 19 April 1962 30 July 1982
—
 [55]
90 The Lord Donaldson of Lymington 30 July 1982 1 October 1992 Created Baron Donaldson of Lymington in 1988. [55]
91 Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill.jpg The Lord Bingham of Cornhill 1 October 1992 4 June 1996 Lord Chief Justice 1996–2000; Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 2000–2008 [58]
92 Preisverleihung der Toleranzringe der Europäischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste im Rathaus Köln-0061.jpg The Lord Woolf 4 June 1996 6 June 2000 Lord Chief Justice 2000–2005 [59]
93 The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers 6 June 2000 3 October 2005 Lord Chief Justice 2005–2008, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2009–2012 [60]
94 The Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony 3 October 2005 30 September 2009 Created Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony in 2009; Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2009–present [61]
95 Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury 2013.jpg The Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury 1 October 2009 30 September 2012 President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2012–present [62]
96 Lord Dyson 1 October 2012 Incumbent Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2010–2012 [63]

References

  1. ↑ Sainty (1993) p. 144
  2. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 310
  3. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 316
  4. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 327
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Sainty (1993) p. 145
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Sainty (1993) p. 146
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 Sainty (1993) p. 147
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Sainty (1993) p. 148
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.9 Sainty (1993) p. 149
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 26.8 26.9 Sainty (1993) p. 150
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.9 Sainty (1993) p. 151
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  36. ↑ www.historyofparliamentonline.org
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.8 40.9 Sainty (1993) p. 152
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 Sainty (1993) p. 153
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  54. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27367. p. 6846. 22 October 1901.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.5 55.6 Sainty (1993) p. 154
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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