The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Galician pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Galician phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Galician.
IPA |
Consonants |
Examples |
English approximation |
b |
baixo, viver |
best |
β |
abaixo, viver[1] |
between baby and bevy |
d |
dedo |
dice |
ð |
dedo[1] |
other |
f |
faro, nafta |
face |
ɡ |
galego |
ago |
ɣ |
galego[1] |
between ago and ahold |
k |
cor, quen, kelvin |
scan |
l |
labial[2] |
luck |
ʎ |
vello[3] |
billiards |
m |
ama, lamber |
mate |
n |
urna, pensa |
not |
ŋ |
unha, longo, can, ítem |
singer |
ɲ |
uña |
onion |
p |
pau |
spouse |
θ |
zeta, cea[4] |
thing |
r |
ría, parra |
trilled r |
ɾ |
fría, para, ar |
US ladder |
s |
seu, casa, este |
sun |
ʃ |
xente |
shop |
t |
tipo |
stand |
tʃ |
chave |
chip |
v |
afgano[5] |
of |
z |
mesmo[5] |
quiz |
IPA |
Marginal consonants |
ħ |
ghato, trigho[6] |
hook |
x |
kharxa[7] |
loch |
|
IPA |
Vowels |
Examples |
English approximation |
a |
ácida |
father |
ɛ |
sete, café |
set |
e |
entre |
they |
i |
limbo, dial, trío |
ski |
ɔ |
ovo, abiótico |
US ball / UK lot |
o |
avoa, avó |
US sole / UK sore |
u |
mula, dual, rúa |
ruler |
|
IPA |
Semivowels |
Examples |
English approximation |
j |
saia, canción, pai |
yet / boy |
w |
acuario, fatuo, causa |
switch / cow |
|
IPA |
Suprasegmentals |
Examples |
Explanation |
ˈ |
Arousa [aˈɾowsa] |
lexical stress |
. |
rías [ˈri.as] |
syllable break |
|
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Voiced stops /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are lenited to approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] (frequently represented without the undertacks) of the same place of articulation in all places except after a pause, or a nasal vowel, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g.
- ↑ Older and rural speakers velarize the phoneme /l/, which is then produced [ɫ], in final position or before a velar consonant.
- ↑ Most speakers pronounce this phoneme as [ʝ].
- ↑ There's no /s///θ/ opposition in western varieties.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [v] and [z] are allophones of, respectively, /f/ and /s/ before voiced consonants.
- ↑ In some Galician dialects /ɡ/ is spirantized to [ħ] or [h] in a phonological process known as gheada.
- ↑ /x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and hispanicized names; like kharxa, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
References
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External links
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