Help:IPA for Hejazi Arabic

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The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hejazi Arabic language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Hejazi Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Urban Hejazi Arabic.

The romanization of the examples is based on the romanization system used on Wiktionary.

Consonants
IPA Arabic letter Example Romanization English approximation
ʔ ء, أ, إ, ؤ, ئ سأل saʼal uh-(ʔ)oh
ʕ ع عين ʿēn no equivalent
b ب بنت bint bike
d (د (ذ دب dub done
(ض (ظ ضب ab emphatic /d/
ج جريدة jarīda job
ð[1] ذ ذكر akar this
ظ ظرف arf emphatic /z/
ðˤ[2] ظاهرة āhra emphatic /ð/
f ف فيل fīl fast
ɡ ق قمر gamar gas
q[3] استقلال istiqlāl no equivalent
h هـ هادي hādi hat
ħ ح حر ar no equivalent
j ي يد yad yes
k ك كلب kalb cat
l ل لون lōn lip (Irish English)
ɫ[4] الله allāh peel (American English)
m م موية mōya mother
n ن نوم nōm nest
θ[1] ث ثقافة aqāfa think
r ر راس rās Trilled r, Spanish: perro
s (س (ث سرير sarīr sorry
ص صبّار abbār emphatic /s/
ʃ ش شمس šams ship
t (ت (ث تمر tamur star
ط طير ēr emphatic /t/
w و وردة warda water
x خ خس as loch (Scottish English)
ɣ غ غريب arīb French r, French: parler
z (ز (ذ زمان zamān zebra
Non-native Consonants[5]
p پ پيتزا ~ بيتزا pītza ~ bītza put
v ڤ ڤيروس ~ فيروس vayrūs ~ fayrūs view
تش تشيك īk china
Vowels
IPA Arabic Example Romanization English approximation
Monophthongs
a َ فَم fam bat
e[6] ِ سِر sir sit or set[6]
i
o[7] ُ حُب ub put or not (Scottish English)[7]
u
ا نار nār father
ي بيت bēt bay (Scottish English)
ي مين mīn need
و صوت ōt thought (received pronunciation)
و نور nūr food
Diphthongs
aj ـَي ليْمون laymūn tie
aw ـَو دوْري dawri how
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA examples Explanation
ˈ يوم /ˈjoːm/ ("day") Indicates that the following syllable is stressed.
ː ليل /ˈleːl/ ("night") Indicates that the preceding vowel is long.

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 The phonemes /θ/ and /ð/ only occur in Classical Arabic borrowings and loanwords.
  2. [ðˤ] is an optional allophone for ⟨ظ⟩ in Classical Arabic words. In general, most urban Hejazi speakers pronounce it as /zˤ/ or merge it with /dˤ/ depending on the word.
  3. The classicized allophone [q] only occur in Classical Arabic borrowings and proper nouns.
  4. the phoneme /ɫ/ only occurs in the word الله /aɫɫaːh/ ('god') and words derived from it (e.g. يلاّ /jaɫɫa/ "come on").
  5. the phonemes /p/ and /v/ are only found in loanwords and they can be pronounced as /b/ and /f/ respectively depending on the speaker.
  6. 6.0 6.1 ([e̞] and [i] are allophones of the phoneme /i/) Word initial and medial /i/ in stressed syllables typically vary across [i] ~ [e̞]. but it's strictly [i] at the end of words, in unstressed syllables and before /j/.
  7. 7.0 7.1 ([o̞] and [u] are allophones of the phoneme /u/) Word initial and medial /u/ in stressed syllables typically vary across [u] ~ [o̞]. but it's strictly [u] at the end of words, in unstressed syllables and before /w/.