Consonants |
IPA |
Thai |
Tai Tham |
English approximation |
b |
บ |
|
abash |
d |
ฎ,ด |
|
ado |
f |
ฝ,ฟ |
, |
food |
h |
ห,ฮ |
,, |
head |
j |
ญ,ย,อย,หย |
|
yak |
k |
ก |
, |
scan |
l |
ล,ฬ,หล |
,, |
leaf |
m |
ม,หม |
|
much |
n |
ณ,น,หน |
, |
not |
ŋ |
ง,หง |
|
bang |
ɲ |
ญ |
, |
canyon |
p |
ป |
, |
span |
pʰ |
ผ,พ,ภ |
, |
pan |
r |
ร,หร |
|
roughly like water (American English) |
s |
ซ,ศ,ษ,ส |
,,,,, |
sue |
t |
ฏ,ต |
,, |
stable |
tʰ |
ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ |
,,, |
table |
t͡ɕ |
จ |
, |
question |
w |
ว,หว |
|
way |
x |
ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ |
,,, |
can |
ʔ |
อ, ะ |
,10px |
the catch in uh-oh |
|
Tones |
IPA |
Description |
aː = āː |
mid [aː˧] |
àː |
low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩] |
âː |
falling [aː˥˩] |
a᷇ː |
high falling [aː˥˧] |
áː |
high [aː˦˥] |
ǎː |
rising [aː˨˦] |
|
Vowels |
IPA |
Thai[1] |
Tai Tham script |
English approximation |
Short vowels |
a |
◌ะ, ◌ั◌ |
10px, 20px |
cut |
e |
เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ |
◌10px, 20px |
roughly like say |
ɛ |
แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ |
20px◌10px, 20px20px |
roughly like bat |
i |
◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ |
20px, |
happy |
o |
โ◌ะ, ◌◌ |
20px◌10px,10px |
go without u sound (shorter) |
ɔ |
เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ |
20px20px10px |
lot |
u |
◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ |
20px, |
loot (shorter) |
ɯ |
◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ |
20px |
good |
ɤ |
เ◌อะ |
20px10px |
roughly like hurt (shorter) |
Long vowels |
aː |
◌า, ◌า◌ |
,20px |
bra |
eː |
เ◌, เ◌◌ |
◌, |
play |
ɛː |
แ◌, แ◌◌ |
20px◌ |
roughly like man |
iː |
◌ี, ◌ี◌ |
20px |
green |
oː |
โ◌, โ◌◌ |
20px◌,20px◌ |
go without u sound |
ɔː |
◌อ, ◌อ◌ |
10px,20px |
lawn |
uː |
◌ู, ◌ู, |
20px |
moon |
ɯː |
◌ือ, ◌ื◌ |
20px |
good (longer) |
ɤː |
เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ |
20px |
roughly like fur |
Diphthongs |
iaʔ, iəʔ |
เ◌ียะ |
20px20px |
No English equivalent |
ia, iə |
เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ |
20px20px |
idea |
uaʔ, uəʔ |
◌ัวะ |
20px10px |
No English equivalent |
ua, uə |
◌ัว, ◌ว◌ |
20px |
poor (British English) |
ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ |
เ◌ือะ |
20px10px |
No English equivalent |
ɯa, ɯə |
เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ |
20px |
No English equivalent |
|