Helwan HA-300

HA-300
300px
Side view of HA-300 ready for flight
Role	Single-seat interceptor
National origin	Egypt
Manufacturer	Egyptian General Aero Organisation
Designer	Willy Messerschmitt
First flight	7 March 1964
Status	Canceled
Primary user	Egyptian Air Force
Produced	1964-1969
Number built	7 (1 prototype)
Program cost	EGP 135 million (EGP 16 billion in 2014 values)

The Helwan HA-300 (Arabic: حلوان ٣٠٠‎‎) was a single-engine, delta-wing, light supersonic Interceptor aircraft developed in Egypt during the 1960s. It was designed by the famous German aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt.

At various stages, Spain and India were involved in the development program. Spain agreed to finance two projects, the HA-200 and the HA-300, but cancelled financing the HA-300 project when it was just on paper. Egypt then financed it, and the program transferred to Egypt where every part was built.

At a late stage India financed the Egyptian development of the Egyptian E-300 engine for use on the Indian fighter jet HF-24 Marut.

The HA-300 was an ambitious project for Egypt, at the time seeking to expand both its civilian and defense aviation industry.

There were 6 planes in service built before termination of the project in 1969. The first prototype was museum exhibits as of 1997.

Design and development

Origin

After World War II, Willy Messerschmitt was prohibited as a German citizen from undertaking any further research or development related to the German military, including the manufacture of aircraft, until 1955. He therefore moved to Spain where he joined Hispano Aviación and started designing an ultralight fighter aircraft in 1951. The development was very slow and Messerschmitt was able to build only a delta-shaped plywood glider without a tail. Towed by a CASA 2.111, the test flight for the glider was not completed due to instability and the airplane did not become airborne. Due to funding problems and the resultant long development time, Spain abandoned the project in 1960.

Egypt then acquired the design. The design team, headed by Messerschmitt, moved to Helwan, Egypt, to continue its work on the HA-300, which now stood for Helwan Aircraft 300. Ferdinand Brandner, an Austrian jet engine expert, was also invited to develop a turbojet for the new fighter. Egypt aimed to produce a lightweight supersonic, single-seat fighter that could join the Egyptian Air Force as an interceptor.

HA-300

File:HA-300 Front.jpg

Front view of HA-300 showing tailed delta-wing and the undercarriage

Development of the Egyptian HA-300 started in the test facilities and workshops in Factory No. 36 in Helwan, southeast of Cairo, under the supervision of the Egyptian General Aero Organisation (EGAO); officially the program started in 1959.

The first prototype of the HA-300, powered by a 2,200 kgp Orpheus Mk 703-S-10, first flew on 7 March 1964, and achieved Mach 1.13. Egypt sent two Egyptian pilots to India in 1964 to prepare for the HA-300 flight development. It was followed by a second Orpheus-powered prototype which first flew on 22 July 1965. The third and last prototype was fitted with the Egyptian E-300 engine, which it was hoped would make it capable of attaining 12,000 m and Mach 2.0 within 2.5 min after takeoff. This prototype was flight-tested at least once when it achieved a speed of Mach 2.1 with the Egyptian Brandner E-300 engine.

A total of 135 million Egyptian pounds was spent on the development, and the E-300 engine was given to the Indian government for use in the HF-24 Marut fighter.

E-300 Engine

File:Brandner E-300 engine.jpg

Brandner E-300 engine

Main article: Brandner E-300

The HA-300 was originally designed for the afterburning Orpheus BOR 12 turbojet, but the engine did not achieve the minimum level of success Egypt required in the fighter jet. President Nasser saw from the beginning a major threat to national security by depending on a British engine, because of the hostility that time between Egypt and Great Britain after the 1956 Suez crisis.

The fighter jet was then modified for the Egyptian Brandner E-300 engine, which would have an afterburning rating of 4,800 kgp, which achieved a high level of performance.

India also helped in the funding of the Egyptian E-300 jet engine in exchange for using it as a new powerplant for its HF-24 Marut. The E-300 jet engine ran successfully for the first time in July 1963.

Termination

The Helwan-300 project was cancelled on May 1969. The real reason why it was cancelled remains a mystery but it can be inferred that the cancellation was due to many factors varying between technical, financial and political difficulties. The German engineers working on the design had to evacuate Egypt due to tensions with the Federal Republic of Germany, which led the development effort to stall. In order to fill the void created by the cancellation of this project, Egypt made close contacts with the Soviet Union and purchased aircraft instead of developing indigenous designs.

Aircraft on display

File:Helwan HA-300, Flugwerft Schleißheim.jpg

Helwan HA-300 at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim in Munich, Germany

• The first HA-300 prototype registration number 51-100, construction number V1, was on display since 1997 in the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim at Oberschleißheim near Munich. It was bought by Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA) in 1991, and airlifted to Germany for restoration at Manching. The process took MBB five and a half years to complete.

Specifications (HA-300 with Orpheus 703 engine)

3-side view of the Helwan HA-300

Data from Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim, airwar.ru, theaircache.com, aviationsmilitaires.net

General characteristics

• Crew: one (pilot)
• Length: 12.40 m (40 ft 7 in)
• Wingspan: 5.84 m (19 ft 16 in)
• Height: 3.15 m (10 ft 33 in)
• Wing area: 16.70 m2 (179.75 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 2,100 kg (4,630 lb)
• Loaded weight: 5,443 kg (12,000 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × Bristol Orpheus 703 or (Brandner E-300 turbojet fitted to the third prototype) turbojet
  • Dry thrust: 28 kN (6275 lbf)
  • Thrust with afterburner: 47 kN (10,582 lbf)

Performance

• Maximum speed: Mach 1.7 (2,100 km/h) projected Mach 2 with Brandner E-300 engine
• Range: 1,400 km (870 mi)
• Service ceiling: 18,000 m (59,100 ft)
• Rate of climb: 203 m/s (666 ft/s)
• Wing loading: 125.749 kg/m² (25.755 lb/ft²)
• Thrust/weight: 0.88

Armament

• Guns: 2 × 30mm Hispano or 4 × 23mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon
• Missiles: 4 × infrared homing air-to-air missiles

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Dassault Mirage V
• Folland Gnat
• F-5 Freedom Fighter

Related lists

• List of fighter aircraft

References

Bibliography

• Bar-Zohar, Michael. and Nissim Mishal Hirschel. Mossad: The Great Operations of Israel's Secret Service. London: Biteback Publishing, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84954-543-3.
• Edgerton, David. The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900. Madison Avenue, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-532283-5.
• Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich., Horst Prem, and Gero Madelung. Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal Until Today (Illustrated ed). Springer Science & Business Media, 2004. ISBN 3-540-40645-X.