Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera

Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera
File:Most Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera (1827-1911).jpg Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayaka Thera
Religion	Buddhism
School	Theravada
Lineage	Siyam Nikaya
Education	Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena, Ratmalana
Dharma names	Most Ven.Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Nayaka Thera
Personal
Nationality	Sri Lankan
Born	(1827-01-20)20 January 1827 Hikkaduwa
Died
Senior posting
Title	Thripitaka Vaagishwaracharya Chief of Siyam Nikaya Chief Monk of Sri Pada Chief Monk of Colombo Nawa Korale Chief Monk of Galle District
Religious career
Teacher	Walane Sri Siddhartha Maha Thera.

Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera (Sinhalese: හික්කඩුවේ ශ්‍රි සුමංගල නාහිමි; 20 January 1827 – 29 April 1911) was a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk, who was one of the pioneers of Sri Lankan Buddhist revivalist movement in the 19th century. He did a great service to improve the Buddhist Education in the country and was the founder of Vidyodaya Pirivena, Maligakanda in 1873 which was granted the university status later in 1959 by the Government of Sri Lanka. A veteran author and a fiery orator, he was a major figure in the Panadurawadaya, a religious debate held between Christian missionaries and Buddhist monks in 1873 at Panadura, Sri Lanka. He was well versed in Sinhala, Pali, Sanskrit, English, Buddhism, History, Arithmetic, and Archaeology and was one of the primary sources of information on Buddhism for the success of the Panadura debate.

Biography

The birth name of Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera was Don Niculus Gunawardhana.He was born on 20th January 1827 to the family of Don Johanis Abeyweera Gunawardhana Maha Liyana Arachchi Ralahamy and his wife Dandangoda Gamage Christina Hamine of Hettigoda, Hikkaduwa in Galle District. He was the 5th in his family and was baptized according with the general practice prevailed at the time. Young Niculus received his primary education in Sinhala and Pali from the village temple, Hettigoda Thilakarama temple, Hikkaduwa under the tutelage of Ven. Hikkaduwe Sobitha Nayaka Thera and Ven. Mabotuwana Revata Nayaka Thera.

At the age of 13 he entered the order of Buddhist monks at Thotagamuwa Raja Maha Vihara at Hikkaduwa. From his childhood he was an eloquent speaker and a very good writer. After becoming a monk he received further education from monk Ven. Pannamgoda Jethuthara Thera and Ven. Bowala Dhammananda Thera. He acquired proficiency in English from John Coranelis Abayawardana, a renowned English scholar in the area. In 1848 he obtained higher ordination of Upasampada from the Malwatte Chapter, Kandy. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera received his higher education from Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena in Ratmalana, under the guidance of Walane Sri Siddhartha Mahathera. Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera was one of his contemporaries at Parama Dhamma Chetiya Pirivena.

File:Col. Olcott and Ven. Sumangala Thero.jpg

Most Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera and Colonel Henry Steel Olcott in Colombo, 1889.

In 1864 he was appointed as the Chief priest of the Sripada (Adam's peak), the holy mountain of Sri Lanka. With this appointment he was unanimously recognized as the foremost Buddhist monk in the whole island. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala thera was well versed in Sinhala, Pali, Sanskrit and English languages and also had a very good knowledge in Buddhism, History, Arithmetic and Archaeology. He wrote many books in these subjects and was a leading figure of the Panadura debate (Panadurawadaya) held in 1873. It was after reading a report of this debate that Colonel Henry Steele Olcott visited Sri Lanka. Colonel Olcott learnt Buddhism and Pali under Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, who guided him to establish many Buddhist schools in Sri Lanka, such as Ananda College, Colombo (1886), Mahinda College, Galle (1892) and Dharmaraja College, Kandy (1887). It was also in the presence of Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, C. W. Leadbeater, an influential member of the Theosophical Society repeated the Three Refuges and the Five Precepts of Buddhism and became a Buddhist.

File:Most Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera's Walking Stick.jpg

Most Ven Thera's Walking Stick kept in Galle National Museum.

Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera was the chairman of the 'Colombo Committee' which originally designed the Buddhist flag in 1885. Sri Sumangala thera was also a pioneer in Buddhist news paper journalism in Sri Lanka. The paper "Lankaloka" was started by him and afterwards he assisted the local Buddhist community to publish papers such as "Sarasavisandaresa" and "Sinhala Bauddhaya". He was well honored an awarded many titles by Sri Lankans as well as the people of many other countries in the East and the West. Reputed and renowned institutions in Ireland, Italy, Hungary and Germany also bestowed felicitation degrees on him. After rendering a yeoman service to the Buddhasasana, Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera died on 29th of April 1911, at the age of 84.

Literary works

File:Most Venerable Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera in Early 19th Century.jpeg

Thera in Early 1900s.

• Brahma Dharmaya
• Warna Reethi (1873)
• Masarthu Lakshana (1858)
• Translation of Mahavamsa to Sinhalese (1847)
• Sidath Sangara Sannasa
• Kavya Shekhara Sannasa
• Balawatharatikawa
• Pali Namapada Malawa

See also

• Buddhist flag
• Gangaramaya Temple
• Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera
• Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera
• Seema Malaka
• Weligama Sri Sumangala Thera