Hong Kong legislative election, 1995

Hong Kong legislative election, 1995

17 September 1995
All 60 seats to the Legislative Council
Turnout	35.80% (GC)
First party Second party   Leader Martin Lee Allen Lee Party Democratic Liberal Alliance Pro-democracy Pro-Beijing Leader's seat Island East New Territories Northeast Last election 16 seats, 52.35% New party Seats before 15 15 Seats won 19 (12 GCs + 5 FCs + 2 EC) 10 (1 GC + 9 FCs) Seat change 4 5 Popular vote 385,428 15,126 Percentage 42.3% 1.6%   Third party Fourth party   Leader Tsang Yok-sing Frederick Fung Party DAB ADPL Alliance Pro-Beijing Pro-democracy Leader's seat Kowloon Central (defeated) Kowloon West Last election New party 1 seat, 4.44% Seats before 1 1 Seats won 6 (2 GCs + 2 FCs + 2 EC) 4 (2 GCs + 1 FC + 1 EC) Seat change 5 3 Popular vote 142,801 87,072 Percentage 15.7% 9.6%
Elected candidates by each geographical constituency ■ – DP ■ – DAB ■ – ADPL ■ – LP ■ – Independent
President before election Sir John Joseph Swaine Nonpartisan Elected President Andrew Wong Independent

The 1995 Hong Kong Legislative Council general election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) was held on 17 September 1995. It was the last and the first fully elected legislative election in the colonial period before transferring Hong Kong's sovereignty to China two years later. The elections returned 20 members from directly elected geographical constituencies, 30 members from indirectly elected functional constituencies, and 10 members from elections committee who elected by all District Board members.

Due to Governor Chris Patten's constitutional reforms, which were strongly opposed by the Beijing government, the nine newly created functional constituencies enfranchised around 2.7 million new voters. As the arguments between Britain and China sparked, politics in Hong Kong became much more involved than previously in Hong Kong's history. New emerged parties, the Beijing-loyalist Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), the pro-business Liberal Party and pro-democracy Democratic Party all filled up candidates to contest in the election.

The pro-democracy forces won another landslide victory after the 1991 Legislative Council elections, sweeping 17 of the 20 directly elected seats and about half of the seats in the legislature. The democrats controlled the legislature, which allowed Andrew Wong to become the only President of the Legislative Council from the pro-democracy camp. Since Beijing overthrew the promise of "through train" which guaranteed the legislature could travel through 1997 as the reaction to Chris Patten's reform, the pro-democracy legislature lasted for only two years and was replaced by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council.

Background

Main article: 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform

The electoral bases were largely expanded under the 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform carried out by the last colonial governor Chris Patten as the last step of democratisation as following:

• Using the "single seat, single constituency" method for all three tiers of geographical constituency elections to the District Boards, Municipal Councils (Urban and Regional Council) and Legislative Council;
• Lowering the minimum voting age from 21 to 18;
• Abolishing all appointed seats on the District Boards and Municipal Councils;
• Removing all the restrictions on local deletes to China's National People's Congress to stand for election;
• Broadening the franchise of certain existing functional constituencies by replacing corporate voting with individual voting;
• Introducing nine new functional constituency seats; and
• The introduction of an Election Committee of District Board members, which would return 10 members to the Legislative Council using the single transferable vote.

New nine functional constituencies with much larger eligible electorates was created to broaden the franchise to 2.7 millions new voters:

1. Agriculture, Fisheries, Mining, Energy and Construction
2. Textiles and Garment
3. Manufacturing
4. Import and Export
5. Wholesale and Retail
6. Hotels and Catering
7. Transport and Communication
8. Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
9. Community, Social and Personal Services

Overview

The United Democrats of Hong Kong and the Meeting Point, the two major pro-democracy forces had founded the Democratic Party in 1994, while the pro-business legislators had formed the Liberal Party in 1993 and the Communist-controlled politicians established the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB), today's largest political party.

Solicitor Ambrose Lau, in the direction of the New China News Agency founded the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance which consisted of mostly pro-business factor of the CCP's united front. Other grassroots leaders were also encouraged by the CCP to stand in the election against the pro-democracy camp.

Succeeding the last election in 1991, Democratic Party, together with other smaller parties, groups and independents in the pro-democracy camp, had another landslide victory again, getting 17 of the 20 geographical constituency seats. Allen Lee, the Chairman of the Liberal Party and the Appointed Member in the LegCo got elected in the geographical constituency direct election. The Chairman of the DAB, Jasper Tsang however got defeated by Bruce Liu of pro-democracy ADPL in Kowloon Central.

The Government of the People's Republic of China overthrew the promise of the "through train" (letting the members elected in the 1995 election travel safely through 1997 and beyond) and set up the Provisional Legislative Council in 1996, after the proposal package of electoral changes for the 1995 Legislative Council elections that was deemed unconstitutional by the PRC was passed in the Legislative Council.

General Outcome

For details by LegCo members, see List of Legislative Council of Hong Kong members elected in 1995.

 Overall Summary of the 7 September 1995 Legislative Council of Hong Kong election results

Political Affiliation			Geographical constituencies			Functional constituencies Seats gained	Elections committee Seats gained	Total seats gained
			Popular vote	%	Seats gained
		Democratic Party	385,428	42.26	12	5	2	19
		Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood	87,072	9.55	2	1	1	4
		United Ants	18,551	2.03	0	−	−	0
		Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions	−	−	−	1	−	1
		Neighbourhood and Workers Service Centre	−	−	−	1	−	1
		123 Democratic Alliance	−	−	−	−	1	1
		Independent and others	90,130	9.88	3	2	0	5
Total for pro-democrats			581,181	63.73 (67.58)	17 (85%)	10 (33.33%)	4 (40%)	31 (51.67%)
		Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong	142,801	15.66	2	2	2	6
		Civil Force	27,841	3.05	0	0	1	1
		Hong Kong Progressive Alliance	25,964	2.85	0	0	1	1
		Liberal Party	15,126	1.64	1	9	0	10
		Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong	11,572	1.27	0	0	1	1
		New Territories West Residents Association	6,152	0.67	0	−	−	0
		Hong Kong Alliance of Chinese and Expatriates	3,979	0.44	0	−	−	0
		New Hong Kong Alliance	−	−	−	1	−	1
		Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions	−	−	−	1	−	1
		Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions	−	−	−	1	−	1
		Independent and others	45,325	4.97	0	6	1	7
Total for pro-Beijing			278,850	30.58 (32.42)	3 (15%)	20 (66.67%)	6 (60%)	29 (48.33%)
	Non-affiliated Independent and others		49,326	5.41	0	0	0	0
Total (turnout 35.80%)			911,951	100.0	20	30	10	60

Vote summary

Ring charts of the election results showing popular vote against seats won, coloured in party colours. Seats won in the election (outer ring) against number of votes (inner ring).

Popular vote
Democratic			42.26%
DAB			15.46%
ADPL			9.55%
Civil Force			3.05%
PA			2.85%
United Ants			2.03%
Liberal			1.64%
LDF			1.27%
NTWRA			0.67%
ACE			0.44%
Independents			20.26%

Seat summary

Seats
Democratic			31.67%
Liberal			16.67%
DAB			10.00%
ADPL			6.67%
Civil Force			1.67%
PA			1.67%
LDF			1.67%
NHKA			1.67%
FTU			1.67%
FLU			1.67%
Independents			20.00%

Result breakdown

Geographical Constituencies

Constituency	Candidates	Affiliation		No. of votes given (%)
LC1 Hong Kong Island Central	1 Peggy Lam Pei		Independent	14,437 (34.67%)
	2 Christine Loh Kung-wai		Independent	27,199 (65.33%)
LC2 Hong Kong Island East	1 Choy So-yuk		Progressive Alliance	14,119 (27.37%)
	2 Martin Lee Chu-ming		Democratic	37,459 (72.28%)
LC3 Hong Kong Island South	1 Cheng Kai-nam		DAB	29,910 (47.64%)
	2 Yeung Sum		Democratic	32,875 (52.36%)
LC4 Hong Kong Island West	1 Huang Chen-ya		Democratic	31,156 (66.32%)
	2 Guy Lam Kwok-hung		ACE	3,979 (8.47%)
	3 Lam Kin-lai		Progressive Alliance	11,845 (25.21%)
LC5 Kowloon Central	1 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing		DAB	16,691 (42.94%)
	2 Liu Sing-lee		ADPL	22,183 (57.06%)
LC6 Kowloon North-east	1 Mak Hoi-wah		Democratic	23,201 (47.23%)
	2 Chan Yuen-han		DAB	25,922 (52.77%)
LC7 Kowloon East	1 Elsie Tu		Independent	23,855 (44.60%)
	2 Szeto Wah		Democratic	29,627 (55.40%)
LC8 Kowloon South-east	1 Tam Yiu-chung		DAB	29,009 (49.05%)
	2 Li Wah-ming		Democratic	30,133 (50.95%)
LC9 Kowloon South	1 Lau Chin-shek		Democratic	26,827 (69.86%)
	2 Wong Siu-yee		Progressive Alliance	11,572 (30.14%)
LC10 Kowloon South-west	1 Helen Chung Yee-fong		Independent	1,482 (5.53%)
	2 James To Kun-sun		Democratic	17,731 (66.17%)
	3 Kingsley Sit Ho-yin		Independent	2,656 (9.91%)
	4 Daniel Wong Kwok-tung		ADPL	4,929 (18.39%)
LC11 Kowloon West	1 Wong Yin-ping		Independent	1,778 (4.13%)
	2 Frederick Fung Kin-kee		ADPL	28,996 (67.37%)
	3 Fu Shu-wan		Independent	12,264 (28.50%)
LC12 New Territories Central	1 Albert Chan Wai-yip		Democratic	25,303 (74.79%)
	2 Ng Wai-kwong		Independent	4,097 (12.11%)
	3 Tam Tai-on		Independent	4,433 (13.10%)
LC13 New Territories North-west	1 Zachary Wong Wai-yin		Democratic	21,527 (50.07%)
	2 Tang Siu-tong		Independent	21,470 (49.93%)
LC14 New Territories North	1 Cheung Hon-chung		DAB	17,026 (50.07%)
	2 Wong Sing-chi		Democratic	16,978 (49.93%)
LC15 New Territories North-east	1 Allen Lee Peng-fei		Liberal	15,216 (34.82%)
	2 Law Yuk-kai		United Ants	4,723 (10.81%)
	3 Cheung Hok-ming		DAB	12,256 (28.04%)
	4 Cheung Wing-fai		Democratic	11,507 (26.33%)
LC16 New Territories South-east	1 Andrew Wong Wang-fat		Independent	23,666 (47.83%)
	2 William Wan Hon-cheung		DAB	11,987 (24.23%)
	3 Harold Ko Ping-chung		United Ants	13,828 (27.95%)
LC17 New Territories East	1 Lau Kong-wah		Civil Force	27,841 (41.49%)
	2 Emily Lau Wai-hing		Independent	39,265 (58.51%)
LC18 New Territories South	1 Hui Chiu-fai		Independent	8,179 (7.04%)
	2 Sin Chung-kai		Democratic	26,048 (70.74%)
	3 Lam Chi-leung		Pioneer	13,828 (22.21%)
LC19 New Territories South-west	1 Lee Wing-tat		Democratic	29,801 (65.35%)
	2 Ting Yin-wah		ADPL	15,798 (34.65%)
LC20 New Territories West	1 Chan Wan-sang		NTWRA	6,152 (13.21%)
	2 Ho Chun-yan		Democratic	25,255 (54.23%)
	3 Yim Tin-sang		ADPL	15,166 (32.56%)

Functional Constituencies

Constituency	Candidates	Affiliation		No. of votes given (%)
A Primary Production, Power and Construction	11 Tsang Kin-shing		Democratic	11,592 (37.8%)
	12 Ho Sai-chu		Independent	5,366 (17.5%)
	13 Poon To-chuen		NHKA	7,493 (24.5%)
	14 Tong Yat-chu		DAB	3,871 (12.6%)
B Textiles and Garments	21 Cheng Ming-kit		LDF	2,638 (11.4%)
	22 Leung Yiu-chung		NWSC	10,472 (45.3%)
	23 Ng Ching-man		Kowloon City Observers	2,957 (12.8%)
	24 Chan Kwok-keung		FTU	5,116 (22.1%)
C Manufacturing	31 Chan Ming-yiu		Independent	4,931 (10.8%)
	32 Lee Cheuk-yan		CTU	30,510 (66.9%)
	33 Leung Fu-wah		FTU	8,535 (18.7%)
D Import and Export	41 Henry Tang Ying-yen		Liberal	24,997 (57.8%)
	42 Kwan Lim-ho		Public Affairs Society	15,539 (35.9%)
E Wholesale and Retail	51 Selina Chow Liang Shuk-yee		Liberal	23,257 (63.0%)
	52 Wong Kwok-hing		DAB	10,965 (29.6%)
F Hotels and Catering	61 Chiang Sai-cheong		Kowloon City Observers	5,176 (25.9%)
	62 Li Hon-shing		Independent	3,393 (17.0%)
	63 Chan Wing-chan		DAB	5,614 (28.1%)
	64 Tommy Cheung Yu-yan		Liberal	3,991 (20.0%)
G Transport and Communication	71 Cheng Kai-ming		Independent	2,324 (5.1%)
	72 Miriam Lau Kin-yee		Liberal	14,233 (31.4%)
	73 Ip Kwok-fun		CTU	12,055 (26.6%)
	74 Cheuk Siu-yee		FTU	12,617 (27.8%)
	71 Cheung Pak-chi		Independent	2,042 (4.5%)
H Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services	81 Ng Kam-chun		LDF	2,348 (3.4%)
	82 Andrew Cheng Kar-foo		Democratic	25,658 (37.3%)
	83 Chan Yuk-cheung		Independent	10,514 (15.3%)
	84 Chan Yim-kwong		Liberal	5,771 (8.4%)
	85 Tony Chan Tung-ngok		Independent	1,699 (2.5%)
	86 Fung Chi-kin		DAB	18,674 (27.1%)
I Community, Social and Personal Services	91 Elizabeth Wong Chien Chi-lien		Independent	40,649 (39.2%)
	92 Kwok Yuen-hon		Independent	14,452 (13.9%)
	93 Brian Kan Ping-chee		Independent	6,290 (6.1%)
	94 Michael Siu Yin-ying		Democratic	33,596 (32.4%)
	95 Fan Kwok-wah		Independent	2,386 (2.3%)
J Commercial (First)	201 Paul Cheng Ming-fun		Independent	Uncontested
K Commercial (Second)	211 Philip Wong Yu-hong		NHKA	Uncontested
L Industrial (First)	221 James Tien Pei-chun		Liberal	Uncontested
M Industrial (Second)	231 Ngai Shiu-kit		Liberal	Uncontested
N Finance	241 David Li Kwok-po		Independent	Uncontested
O Labour (2 seats)	251 Lee Kai-ming		FLU	533 (33.6%)
	252 Cheng Yiu-tong		FTU	684 (43.1%)
	253 John Luk Woon-cheung		Independent	109 (6.9%)
	254 Lee Kwok-keung		Independent	533 (16.5%)
P Social Welfare	261 Law Chi-kwong		Democratic	1,115 (64.1%)
	262 Chow Wing-sun		Independent	625 (35.9%)
Q Tourism	271 Hau Suk-kei		Independent	175 (29.8%)
	272 Howard Young		Liberal	413 (70.2%)
R Real Estate and Construction	281 Ronald Joseph Arculli		Liberal	Uncontested
S Financial Services	291 Chen Po-sum		Independent	243 (40.1%)
	292 Chim Pui-chung		Independent	363 (59.9%)
T Medical	301 Cecilia Young Yau-yau		Independent	135 (5.4%)
	302 Edward Leong Che-hung		Independent	2,371 (94.6%)
U Education	311 Leung Siu-tong		Independent	4,496 (18.7%)
	312 Cheung Man-kwong		Democratic	19,558 (81.3%)
V Legal	321 Margaret Ng		Independent	723 (54.5%)
	322 Alfred Donald Yap		Independent	444 (33.5%)
	323 Li Wai-ip		Independent	159 (12.0%)
W Engineering	331 Samuel Wong Ping-wai		Independent	1,382 (62.7%)
	332 Raymond Ho Chung-tai		Independent	822 (37.3%)
X Health Services	341 Alice Pong Tso Shing-yuk		Liberal	1,116 (18.3%)
	342 Michael Ho Mun-ka		Democratic	4,968 (81.7%)
Y Accountancy	351 Edward Chow Kwong-fai		Liberal	477 (22.2%)
	352 Eric Li Ka-cheung		Independent	1,376 (63.9%)
	353 Peter Chan Po-fun		Independent	299 (13.9%)
Z Architectural, Surveying and Planning	361 Edward Ho Sing-tin		Liberal	Uncontested
Urban Council	1 Mok Ying-fan		ADPL	Uncontested
Regional Council	1 Alan Tam King-wah		Democratic	16 (43.2%)
	2 Ngan Kam-chuen		DAB	21 (56.8%)
Rural	1 Lau Wong-fat		Independent	Uncontested

Election Committee Constituency

Candidates	Affiliation		Value of votes given
1 Yeung Fuk-kwong		UFSP	0
2 Lee York-fai		Independent	0
3 Fung Kwong-chung		Independent	0
4 Lo Suk-ching		Independent	26
5 Choy Kan-pui		Civil Force	26
6 Cheung Bing-leung		Democratic	26
7 Lau Hon-chuen		Progressive Alliance	26
8 Chan Kam-lam		DAB	26
9 Leung Kwong-cheong		ADPL	0
10 Law Cheung-kwok		ADPL	26
11 Ip Kwok-him		DAB	26
12 John Tse Wing-ling		Democratic	26
13 David Chu Yu-lin		LDF	26
14 Yuen Bun-keung		Democratic	0
15 Mark Lin		Liberal	0
16 Louis Leung Wing-on		Independent	0
17 Yum Sin-ling		123DA	26
18 Paul Chan Sing-kong		Independent	0