Hungarian wine

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Hungarian wine has a history dating back to at least Roman times. Outside of Hungary, the best-known wines are the white dessert wine Tokaji and the red wine Bull's Blood of Eger (Egri Bikavér).

Etymology

File:Word for Wine in European languages.svg

Only three European languages have words for wine that are not derived from Latin: Greek, Turkish and Hungarian.[1] Records carved in a Runic alphabet used by ancient Hungarians have words for wine derived from Turkic. There are two hundred Hungarian words (including wine as well) that are of Bulgaro-Turkic origin,[1] suggesting that the Magyars had contact with the first winemakers in the South Caucasus. Examples include :

  • Szőlő: "grape"
  • Bor: "wine"
  • Ászok: "cask"
  • Áldomás: "blessing", "libation"

History

The Romans brought vines to Pannonia, and by the 5th century AD, there are records of extensive vineyards in Hungary. Following the Magyar invasion of 896, Árpád rewarded his followers with vineyards in Tokaj[citation needed]. Over the following centuries, new grape varieties were brought in from Italy and France. Most of the production was of white wine.

A bottle of Zweigelt

During the invasion of Suleiman the Magnificent in the early 16th century, displaced Serbs brought the red Kadarka grape to Eger. This ancient variety was used to make the robust red wine blend later known as Bull's Blood, after the supposed secret ingredient in the wine that fortified the defenders of Eger in 1552.

It was also during the Turkish occupation that the Tokaj region became known for dessert wines, harvested late to encourage noble rot. Tokaji aszú is mentioned in a document of 1571, and it was famously christened by Louis XIV of France (1638-1715) "Vinum Regum, Rex Vinorum" - Wine of Kings, King of Wines.

After the Ottoman Empire ceded Hungary to the Austrians in 1699, the Germanic influence was felt with the introduction of grape varieties such as Blauer Portugieser. That influence also showed[citation needed] in the start in 1730 of the world's first vineyard classification in Tokaj, based on soil, aspect and propensity to noble rot.

From 1882, the phylloxera epidemic hit Hungary hard, with the traditional field blends of Eger and the many grapes of Tokaj being replaced with monocultures, often of Blaufränkisch (Kékfrankos) and the Bordeaux varieties in red wine districts, and of Furmint, Muscat and Hárslevelű in Tokaj. The twentieth century saw the introduction of modern grapes such as Zweigelt, which were easier to grow and to vinify than Kadarka, and under Communism quality was neglected in favour of overcropping, pasteurisation, and industrial production. Since 1989, there has been renewed interest in the traditional varieties and a lot of new investment, particularly in Tokaj-Hegyalja.

Wine regions and styles

The 22 wine regions of Hungary: 1 Sopron, 2 Nagy-Somló, 3 Zala, 4 Balatonfelvidék, 5 Badacsony, 6 Balatonfüred-Csopak, 7 Balatonboglár, 8 Pannonhalma, 9 Mór, 10 Etyek-Buda, 11 Neszmély, 12 Tolna, 13 Szekszárd, 14 Pécs, 15 Villány, 16 Hajós-Baja, 17 Kunság, 18 Csongrád, 19 Mátra, 20 Eger, 21 Bükk, 22 Tokaj

The official list of wine regions is defined by a ministerial decree. The current list includes 22 wine regions, which are usually grouped into five to seven larger regions.[2]

Balaton, with sub-regions

The main variety of the region is Olaszrizling.

Duna, with sub-regions

Mainly fresh and light wines from lots of varieties.

Grapes in an Upper Hungary vineyard.
Eger, with sub-regions
Észak-Dunántúl, with sub-regions
Pannon, with sub-regions
Sopron, with sub-regions
Tokaj

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Main articles: Tokaj wine region and Tokaji (wine)
A Tokaji vineyard.

Hungary's most famous wine region lies in the foothills of the Zemplén Mountains of the far north of the country - in fact the traditional area crosses into the southeast corner of modern Slovakia. The area is notable for its long warm autumns and mists that come in from the River Bodrog, creating perfect conditions for noble rot. This can contribute towards creating the botrytised ('aszú') grapes for which the region is famous. These are individually picked as late as mid-November into buckets ('puttonyos') and crushed to a paste. Varying amounts of this aszú paste are then added to non-aszú must or wine made from a mix of Furmint, Hárslevelű, Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, Kövérszőlő or Zéta grapes, and left to ferment. The resulting wine is then aged in relatively small barrels in a labyrinth of cellars in the soft volcanic tuff, on whose walls thick blankets of fungus regulate the humidity.[3]

Given that aszú conditions only happen in perhaps three vintages per decade, a lot of dry Furmint is also produced. Other grapes grown in the area include Hárslevelű, Muscat Blanc, Kövérszőlő and Zéta.

Hungarian grape varieties

Hárslevelű grapes

Several varieties of grape are known to have originated in Hungary. These are:

Other varieties of grape that may have originated in Hungary include:

See also

References

[4]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Miklós Molnár, A concise history of Hungary, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 12
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Atkin, Tim (2001) Tradition and Innovation in the Tokaj Region Dissertation for Master of Wine
  4. ↑ Rebbe Nachman of Breslev on Hungarian Wine http://www.nachalnovea.com/breslovcenter/articles/article_wine.html

External links

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