Hyderabadi Urdu

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Deccani Urdu
Hyderabadi Urdu
Native to Telangana, Marathwada region of Maharashtra and Hyderabad-Karnatak region of Karnataka
Region Deccan
Urdu
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog dakh1244[1]
Hyderabad state from the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909.jpg

Hyderabadi Urdu (Urdu: حیدرآبادی اردو‎) is a dialect of Urdu spoken in areas of erstwhile Nizam's Hyderabad State (now in Telangana, Marathwada region of Maharashtra and Hyderabad-Karnatak region of Karnataka) and its diaspora.[2] It is also known as Deccani Urdu from its former name Hyderabad Deccan. It contains loan words from Indian languages like Marathi, Telugu, Kannada and foreign languages like Arabic, Turkish and Persian.[3]

History

The Hyderabadi dialect derives from Dakhini, that took root in the Deccan when Emperor Aurangzeb invaded and occupied the region and his armies introduced the "Camp" or "Lashkari" language to the area. Lashkari was the lingua franca born in Delhi and northern India as a necessity for the armies of a succession of Muslim invaders from Muslim lands in Central Asia to communicate with the native population. The language acquired more and more Persian and Arabic words in the Mughal court of Bahadur Shah Zafar, and was used by the intelligentsia of Delhi and Lucknow. In the Deccan, however, it retained its original form, referred to now as Dakhani (of, or pertaining to, Dakhan (South), Anglosized as Deccan).

Distinctive features

Hyderabadi Urdu is mutually intelligible with most Hindi/Urdu speakers but has distinctive features from interaction with local Indian Languages such as Marathi, Telugu, Kannada.

Phonology

The letter ق (Qaaf) is pronounced as an unvoiced velar fricative /x/ with the same pronunciation as خ ِ(Khe) whereas in Standard Hindustani dialects the ق is pronounced as a velar plosive /k/ with the same pronunciation as ک (Kaaf).

Morphology

Syntax

Lexical Features

Distinct vocabulary unique to Hyderabadis:[4]

  • Anjaan maarrain - ignoring
  • AaraiN - (is) coming - Aarahey haiN, in orthodox Urdu
  • Baigan - (derogatory) single word to express; failure, anxiety, anger, curiosity, love, pride, victory, sorrow, jealousy and humour.
  • Bhairi- slap; in orthodox Urdu, slap would be "tamaacha".
  • Biscuit - (biscuit hai, biscuit hua) gone wrong, not good, worst, failure, not trustworthy, lousy, forewarn
  • Chambu - mug; also used as slang to express Exhaustion ( i.e. "Haalat chambu hogayee")→ "( um-dum -Tired")*Mereyku- my, instead of mujhey or mujhko in orthodox Urdu
  • Chupke to be - No reason
  • Hona= to want, instead of chahiye in Orthodox Urdu (instead of "mujhey woh chahiye" in Orthodox Urdu, Hyderabadi Urdu would use "mereyku woh hona.")
  • Hao - for yes, instead of "Haan".
  • Hallu - Slow
  • Haula - foolish, crazy person (kaisa haula hai re tu)
  • Haule baataan - stupid talk
  • Jaaraun - I am leaving
  • JaaraiN - (is) going -Jaarahey haiN, in orthodox Urdu
  • Kaiku- why, kyon in orthodox Urdu
  • Kaiku ki- wonder why, who knows why
  • Kachcha(i)- wet; in orthodox Urdu, wet would be "geela(i)." Kachcha(i) in Orthodox Urdu means "raw."
  • Kunjee- keys; in orthodox Urdu, keys would be "chaabee."
  • MiyaN - fellow (i.e. "Chalao miya." means "Let's go, man.")
  • Nakko= an alternate (and informal) negative generally indicating "no", "no thanks" or "don't". Can be (and is often) used in place of mat. Naheen, naa and mat (from traditional Urdu) where nakko is inappropriate for the context or in polite situations.
  • PoTTi - derogatory term for girl
  • PoTTa -derogatory term for boy
  • Phukhat mein -Free, pro bono
  • Patthey- buddy, follower
  • Peytabe- socks; in orthodox Urdu it would be "mauzey."
  • Punngii baji - got beaten, thrashed
  • uney- he/she, instead of who in orthodox Urdu.
  • Tumaareku= you, instead of tumhey or tumko in orthodox Urdu
  • Tereyku (informal slang)= you, instead of tujhey or tujhko in orthodox Urdu

The word "ich" is often added after a noun or verb to express the confidence of the action. In orthodox Urdu "hi" would be used. For example:

"Biryani ich laaraun main." In orthodox Urdu this would be "Biryani hi laa raha hun main". "Kal ich yaad kara main tumaarku". In orthodox Urdu this would be "Kal hi yaad kiya maine tumhe".

The Urdu word "hai" is often dropped. For example, Urdu "Mujhey maaloom hai" would be "Mereyku maaloom"

Popular Words

One of the most popular words used in the Hyderabadi dialect is "Baigan". It literally means "Eggplant" or "Brinjal". It is used to mark Happiness, Sorrow, Anger, Fear, Skepticism, etc. A variation of the word is "pinda" which has almost the same usage.

"katey" is often used when a person mentions something told by someone else. It could be translated as "it seems". Usage: "Kal unay bahar jaara katey" means "It seems he is going outside tomorrow".

Plural form of words

The suffix "an" is often used to mark plurality. The letter 'n' is an almost silent nasal stop. For example, Log (people) would become Logaan, Baat (talk) would become baataan, Aadmi (men) would become Aadmiyaan, etc. in the Hyderabadi dialect.

Pronunciation

One of the main differences is that the letter "Qaaf" is pronounced as "Khaa". 'qabar' (grave) is pronounced as 'khabar' (news). Another difference in pronunciation is that many long a's (as in "father") are pronounced "uh" as in "hut." For example, instead of "aadmi" (man) or "raasta" (path) in Orthodox Urdu, Hyderabadi Urdu would use "admi" and "rasta." Similarly "bhool" (to forget), "toot" (to break) and "chooriyan" (bangles) is "bhul", "tut" and "Churyan" in Hyderabadi.

Popularity and usage

Osmania University had adopted Urdu as the medium of instruction as early as 1923 which was discontinued after the fall of Hyderabad in 1948, during Indian independence. In the early sixties, film star Mehmood popularized the Hyderabadi slang in Indian films.

A very famous Guinness record holder drama /stage comedy written in Dakhni is Adrak Ke Punjey. Many Urdu poets also write in the Hyderabadi dialect, including Pagal Adilabadi, Khwamakhwa and Nukko Hyderabadi (of Chicago, Illinois).

  • kaiku ki kya nae ki (I don't know why)
  • chodo miya (take it easy )
  • light lo (ignore)
  • aba pheka marra (making things up)
  • makki-kirkiri (what the hell)
  • zada nakko kar (don't act over smart)
  • kya toh bhi hora (what the hell is happening)
  • kahan mara rey (where the hell are you?)

Hyderabadi Urdu gained sudden prominence and recognition in 2006 after the success of the comedy film The Angrez that adopted the dialect. The film's success sparked several other Hyderabadi dialect films including: Kal ka nawaab, Hyderabad Nawaabs, Aadab Hyderabad, Gullu Dada, Gullu Dada returns, Berozgaar, Hungama In Dubai, Daawat-e-Ishq

Region

Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions:

See also

References

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  4. ↑ http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/My-Hyderabad-how-I-Miss-You/2015/09/10/article3019139.ece
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