Ibibio language
| Ibibio | |
|---|---|
| (Ibibio proper) | |
| Native to | Southern Nigeria |
| Region | Akwa Ibom State |
| Ethnicity | Ibibio |
|
Native speakers
|
unknown (1.5 to 2 million cited 1998)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ibb |
| Glottolog | ibib1240[2] |
Ibibio (proper) is the native language of the Ibibio people of southern Nigeria. It is the official language of Akwa ibom people.
The name Ibibio is also used for Ibibio-Efik.
Contents
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | b | t | k | k͡p | |
| voiced | d | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | |||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
- /m, b/ are bilabial, whereas /f/ is labiodental.[3]
- /n, d, s/ are alveolar [n, d, s], whereas /t/ is dental [t̪].[3]
- Stem-initial /ŋ/ is realized as [ŋ͡w].[3]
Intervocalic plosives are lenited:[3]
Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ʌ | o |
| Open | a | ɔ | |
- /i, u/ are phonetically near-close [ɪ, ʊ].[3]
- /e, ʌ, o/ are phonetically true-mid; /ʌ/ is also strongly centralized: [e̞, ʌ̝̈, o̞].[3]
- /a, ɔ/ are phonetically near-open; /a/ is central rather than front: [ɐ, ɔ̞].[3]
Between consonants, /i, u, o/ have allophones that are transcribed [ɪ, ʉ, ə], respectively.[3] At least in case of [ɪ, ə], the realization is probably somewhat different (e.g. close-mid [e, ɘ]), because the default IPA values of the symbols [ɪ, ə] are very similar to the normal realizations of the Ibibio vowels /i, ʌ/. Similarly, [ʉ] may actually be near-close [ʉ̞], rather than close [ʉ].
In some dialects (e.g. Ibiono), /ɪ, ʉ, ə/ occur as phonemes distinct from /i, u, o/.[3]
Tones
Ibibio has two tones: high and low.[5]
References
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Further reading
- Bachmann, Arne (2006): "Ein quantitatives Tonmodell für Ibibio. Entwicklung eines Prädiktionsmoduls für das BOSS-Sprachsynthesesystem." Magisterarbeit, University of Bonn.
- Kaufman, Elaine Marlowe (1972) Ibibio dictionary. Leiden: African Studies Centre / Cross River State University / Ibibio Language Board. ISBN 90-70110-46-6
External links
- Uyo Ibibio Dictionary, 2004
- My Ibibio – language resources, including dictionary, books, proverbs, stories and history.
- Bachmann's Master Thesis, Paper, Presentation
- BOSS-IBB documentation v0.1-r4
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- ↑ Ibibio at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
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- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Urua (2004), p. 106.
- ↑ Urua (2004), pp. 105–106.
- ↑ Urua (2004), p. 107.
