Ingrid of Sweden

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Ingrid of Sweden
File:Ingrid2queenconsortofdenmark.jpg
Queen consort of Denmark
Tenure 20 April 1947 – 14 January 1972
Born (1910-03-28)28 March 1910
Stockholm, Sweden
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Fredensborg Palace, Fredensborg, Denmark
Burial Roskilde Cathedral
Spouse Frederick IX of Denmark
(m. 1935; his death 1972)
Issue Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark
Princess Benedikte
Anne-Marie, Queen of the Hellenes
House Bernadotte
Father Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
Mother Princess Margaret of Connaught

Ingrid of Sweden (Ingrid Victoria Sofia Louise Margareta; 28 March 1910 – 7 November 2000) was Queen of Denmark from 1947 until 1972 as the wife of King Frederick IX.

Born into the House of Bernadotte, she was the daughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. She was the mother of Margrethe II, the present Queen of Denmark, Princess Benedikte of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, the wife of King Constantine II. She was also an aunt of the present King of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf.

Early life

Princess Ingrid (far right) with her father, mother and three brothers in 1912.

Princess Ingrid was born on 28 March 1910, at the Royal Palace in Stockholm as the third child and only daughter of Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of Sweden and his first wife, Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her father was the eldest son of King Gustaf V of Sweden by his wife, Princess Victoria of Baden. Her mother was a daughter of Queen Victoria's third son Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn by his wife Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia.

She was baptised Ingrid Victoria Sofia Louise Margareta in Slottskyrkan (the Royal Chapel) in Stockholm, Sweden on 5 May 1910. Her godparents were: her paternal grandparents, King Gustav V and Queen Victoria; her paternal great-grandmother, The Dowager Queen; her maternal grandparents, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn; her paternal great-grandmother, The Dowager Grand Duchess of Baden; The Grand Duchess of Baden; The Dowager Duchess of Dalarna; The Empress of Russia; Princess Alexander of Teck; Prince Adalbert of Prussia; and The Prince of Wales.[1]

The family lived in apartments in the Royal Palace in Stockholm, in a mansion at Ulriksdal, near the capital, and in a summer residence, Sofiero Castle in Scania in southern Sweden.[2] In 1920, when Ingrid was just ten years old, her mother died from meningitis while in the eighth month of her sixth pregnancy. Her father married Lady Louise Mountbatten three years later. Louise was a second cousin of Ingrid's. Only a stillborn daughter resulted from her father's second marriage.

Ingrid was raised to a sense of duty and seriousness. She was well educated and interested in sports, especially horse-riding, skiing and tennis. She also got her driver's licence early.

Marriage

Ingrid and her future husband, Crown Prince Frederick as a newly engaged couple in 1935.
File:The newly married royal couple running through the city.jpg
The newly married royal couple at their arrival in Copenhagen in 1935.

The question of Ingrid's marriage was a hot topic of conversation in the 1920s. She was matched with various foreign royalties and was seen by some as a possible wife for the heir-apparent to the British throne, the Prince of Wales, who was her second cousin.[3] Her mother, Margaret of Connaught, and the then-Prince of Wales' father, King George V, were first cousins, both being grandchildren of Queen Victoria. In 1928, Ingrid met the Prince of Wales in London. However, no engagement took place.[4]

On 15 March 1935, shortly before her 25th birthday, she was engaged to Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark and Iceland. They were related in several ways. As descendants of Oscar I of Sweden, they were third cousins. Through Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, they were third cousins. And finally through Paul I of Russia, Frederick was a fourth cousin of Ingrid's mother. They married in Stockholm Cathedral on 24 May 1935. Among the wedding guests were the King and Queen of Denmark, the King and Queen of Belgium and the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Norway. Her wedding was one of the greatest media events of the day in Sweden in 1935, and received so much attention that the media were criticised for it.[citation needed] Ingrid also appeared on the radio in 1935 and read a poem, something which was also given much attention.[citation needed]

Crown Princess

File:Ingridsweden.jpg
Crown Princess Ingrid.
File:May 9th 1945 (10536964834).jpg
Crown Prince Frederick and Crown Princess Ingrid on 9 May 1945, leaving Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen after the first opening of Parliament following the end of Nazi Germany's occupation of Denmark.

As a Crown Princess, she was the Official Patron of the Girl Guides (1936), after having taken, and passed, the same tests all applicants were given. In 1940, before the occupation, she was the leader of the Danske Kvinders Beredskab (The Danish Women's war-effort society).[5] During the German occupation of Denmark in World War II, Ingrid, with her personal courage and integrity, influenced the Danish Royal House and its conduct in relation to the occupation forces, and won great popularity as a symbol of silent resistance and public patriotic moral. She showed solidarity toward the Danish population, and could often be seen on her bicycle or with her baby carriage on the streets of Copenhagen during the war. Her open defiance of the occupation forces made her grandfather, King Gustav of Sweden, worry about the risks, and in 1941, he sent a demand to her to be more discreet "for the sake of the dynasty" and its safety, but she reacted with anger and refused to obey, and she had the support of her spouse, who shared her views. One display of defiance shown by Ingrid was her positioning of the flags of Denmark, Sweden and the United Kingdom in the window of the nursery at Amalienborg, the royal residence in the centre of Copenhagen.[citation needed]

Queen consort

King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid in the 1950s.
File:Ingrid of Sweden, Queen Consort of Denmark, greeting the crew of Regina Mærsk in 1983 (7312758256).jpg
Ingrid at a ship christening in 1983.

She became the Queen of Denmark upon her husband's accession to the throne on 20 April 1947. As such, she reformed the traditions of Danish court life, abolished many old-fashioned customs at court and created a more relaxed atmosphere at official receptions. She was interested in gardening and art, and renovated the Gråsten Slot according to her own historical research about the Palace's original appearance.

In 1972, Ingrid was widowed. That same year, after having sworn to respect the Danish constitution, she was appointed Rigsforstander (formal Regent) and representative of the Monarch whenever her daughter (and later her grandsons) were absent, a task she performed on many occasions. This was exceptional; since the constitution of 1871, only the Crown Prince had been allowed to act as Regent in the absence of the Monarch.

She was patron of a long line of social organizations, positions which, one after another, she eventually left to Princess Benedikte as years passed: Røde Kors, Ældre Sagen, Red Barnet, Løgum Klosters Refugium, and Fonden for Træer og Miljø. She also founded the organizations Kong Frederik og Dronning Ingrids fond til humanitære og kulturelle formål, Ingridfondet for South Jutland, Det kgl. Grønlandsfond, and Dronning Ingrids Romerske Fond til støtte af kulturelle og videnskabelige formål. She was described as dutiful, well-prepared and energetic. She learned Danish quickly. She was also a feminist [6] and felt strongly for gender equality.

Death

File:FrederikIX-Gravsten.jpg
The grave of King Frederick and Queen Ingrid at Roskilde

Queen Ingrid died on 7 November 2000 at Fredensborg Palace, Fredensborg, with her three daughters—Queen Margrethe II, Princess Benedikte and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece—and ten grandchildren at her bedside. Thousands gathered outside Amalienborg Palace, her official residence, after her death was announced; flowers were left, candles were lit and hymns were sung in her honour.[7] Her funeral took place on 14 November 2000, and Ingrid was interred next to her husband, King Frederick IX, outside Roskilde Cathedral near Copenhagen. The funeral was attended by many crowned heads of Europe and other heads of state, among them the King and Queen of Sweden, Queen of Spain, Queen of the Netherlands, King and Queen of Norway, King and Queen of the Belgians, Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, Prince of Wales, Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, the President of Iceland and Mauno Koivisto, the President of Finland.

Issue

Titles, styles and honours

Personal Standard of Queen Ingrid, introduced in 1948 and used until her death in 2000.

Titles

  • 28 March 1910 – 24 May 1935: Her Royal Highness Princess Ingrid of Sweden
  • 24 May 1935 – 20 April 1947: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess of Denmark
  • 20 April 1947 – 14 January 1972: Her Majesty The Queen of Denmark
  • 14 January 1972 – 7 November 2000: Her Majesty Queen Ingrid of Denmark

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Arms

237px
Marital arms of Queen Ingrid of Denmark
150px
Royal Monogram of Queen Ingrid of Denmark
155px
Ingrid's Arms as displayed in the Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød

Ancestry

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See also: Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Roger Lundgren, Ingrid, Prinsesse af Sverige, Dronning af Danmark, People's Press, 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Börge Outze & Aage Svendstorp (in Swedish): 5 år i bojor. Danmark under ockupationen 1940–1945 (5 years in chains. Denmark during the occupation) Aktiebolaget boktryck (1945) Hälsingborg
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 Blogspot, Queen Ingrid's Decorations on show
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1980/04/24/pdfs/A08890-08890.pdf Boletín Oficial del Estado
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

External links

Ingrid of Sweden
Born: 28 March 1910 Died: 7 November 2000
Danish royalty
Preceded by Queen consort of Denmark
1947–1972		 Succeeded by
Henri Laborde de Monpezat
as prince consort
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