Isotopes of scandium

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Naturally occurring scandium (Sc) is composed of one stable isotope 45Sc. Twenty-four radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 46Sc with a half-life of 83.8 days, 47Sc with a half-life of 3.35 days, and 48Sc with a half-life of 43.7 hours and Sc-44 with a half-life of 3.97 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than four hours, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than two minutes, the least stable being 39Sc with a half-life shorter than 300 nanoseconds. The half-lives for isotopes with mass numbers less than 39 is unknown. This element also has 10 meta states with the most stable being 44mSc (t1/2 58.6 h).

The isotopes of scandium range in atomic weight from 36 u (36Sc) to 60 u (60Sc). The primary decay mode at masses lower than the only stable isotope, 45Sc, is Beta-plus or electron capture, and the primary mode at masses above it is beta-minus. The primary decay products at atomic weights below 45Sc are calcium isotopes and the primary products from higher atomic weights are titanium isotopes.

Relative atomic mass: 44.955912(6).

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N([]electrons]])  
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life decay
mode(s)[1]
daughter
isotope(s)[n 1]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
37Sc 21 16 37.00305(32)# p 36Ca 7/2−#
38Sc 21 17 37.99470(32)# <300 ns p 37Ca (2−)#
38mSc p 37Ca
39Sc 21 18 38.984790(26) <300 ns p 38Ca (7/2−)#
40Sc 21 19 39.977967(3) 182.3(7) ms β+ (99.54%) 40Ca 4-
β+, p (.44%) 39K
β+, α (.017%) 36Ar
41Sc 21 20 40.96925113(24) 596.3(17) ms β+ 41Ca 7/2−
42Sc 21 21 41.96551643(29) 681.3(7) ms β+ 42Ca 0+
42mSc 616.28(6) keV 61.7(4) s β+ 42Ca (7,5,6)+
43Sc 21 22 42.9611507(20) 3.891(12) h β+ 43Ca 7/2−
43m1Sc 151.4(2) keV 438(7) µs 3/2+
43m2Sc 3123.2(3) keV 470(4) ns (19/2)−
44Sc 21 23 43.9594028(19) 3.97(4) h β+ 44Ca 2+
44m1Sc 67.8680(14) keV 154.2(8) ns 1−
44m2Sc 270.95(20) keV 58.61(10) h IT (98.8%) 44Sc 6+
β+ (1.2%) 44Ca
44m3Sc 146.224(22) keV 50.4(7) µs 0-
45Sc 21 24 44.9559119(9) Stable 7/2− 1.0000
45mSc 12.40(5) keV 318(7) ms IT 45Sc 3/2+
46Sc 21 25 45.9551719(9) 83.79(4) d β 46Ti 4+
46m1Sc 52.011(1) keV 9.4(8) µs 6+
46m2Sc 142.528(7) keV 18.75(4) s IT 46Sc 1−
47Sc 21 26 46.9524075(22) 3.3492(6) d β 47Ti 7/2−
47mSc 766.83(9) keV 272(8) ns (3/2)+
48Sc 21 27 47.952231(6) 43.67(9) h β 48Ti 6+
49Sc 21 28 48.950024(4) 57.2(2) min β 49Ti 7/2−
50Sc 21 29 49.952188(17) 102.5(5) s β 50Ti 5+
50mSc 256.895(10) keV 350(40) ms IT (97.5%) 50Sc 2+,3+
β (2.5%) 50Ti
51Sc 21 30 50.953603(22) 12.4(1) s β 51Ti (7/2)−
52Sc 21 31 51.95668(21) 8.2(2) s β 52Ti 3(+)
53Sc 21 32 52.95961(32)# >3 s β (>99.9%) 53Ti (7/2−)#
β, n (<.1%) 52Ti
54Sc 21 33 53.96326(40) 260(30) ms β (>99.9%) 54Ti 3+#
β, n (<.1%) 53Ti
54mSc 110(3) keV 7(5) µs (5+)
55Sc 21 34 54.96824(79) 0.115(15) s β (>99.9%) 55Ti 7/2−#
β, n (<.1%) 54Ti
56Sc 21 35 55.97287(75)# 35(5) ms β 56Ti (1+)
57Sc 21 36 56.97779(75)# 13(4) ms β 57Ti 7/2−#
58Sc 21 37 57.98371(86)# 12(5) ms β 58Ti (3+)#
59Sc 21 38 58.98922(97)# 10# ms β, n 58Ti 7/2−#
β 59Ti
60Sc 21 39 59.99571(97)# 3# ms 3+#
  1. Bold for stable isotopes, bold italic for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

Notes

  • Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
  • Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
  • Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO)
  • Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

References

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  • Isotope masses from:
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  • Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
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  • Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
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Isotopes of calcium Isotopes of scandium Isotopes of titanium
Table of nuclides