Jan Liwacz
Jan Liwacz (born 4 October 1898 in Dukla, died 22 April 1980 in Bystrzyca Kłodzka) – a master blacksmith, prisoner of Auschwitz concentration camp, known for the infamous "Arbeit macht frei" slogan over the camp's main entrance gate that he made.
He was detained and arrested on 16 October 1939 in Bukowsko, kept in prisons of Sanok, Krosno, Kraków and Nowy Wiśnicz; he arrived at Auschwitz in its beginnings, on 20 June 1940, receiving early camp number of 1010. As a metal worker he was assigned to a kommando manufacturing camp's infrastructure elements (gratings, handrails, banisters, chandeliers etc.). During his stay he was twice condemned to solitary confinement of the penal 11th Block in June 1942 and March 1943, spending there five weeks altogether. On 6 December 1944 he was transferred to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where he was kept at (Melk and Ebensee subcamps).
After the liberation of the Ebensee camp on (6 May 1945) he trekked for Poland with Alfons Wrona, his cell-mate from Auschwitz and settled in Bystrzyca Kłodzka of western Recovered Territories. Once there, he started working at local forge owned by Paul Wolf. When the Wolf family was expelled in 1946, he stayed there as an artist blacksmith. Among others, in 1953 he hand forged (free of charge, as his gift for the city) a fence for the Holy Trinity sculpture and so-called "elevation" on Freedom Square in Bystrzyca. After retirement he kept teaching artisan smithery in local vocational school. He died in 1980 and was buried in Bystrzyca Kłodzka.
In 2008 on 110th anniversary of his birth there was an exhibition opened in Bystrzyca Kłodzka presenting his life and works.
Sources
- biography of Jan Liwacz in www.exil-archiv.de at the Wayback Machine (archived October 24, 2007)
Bibliography
- "Jürgen Kaumkötter: "Sztuka w Auschwitz 1940-1945" ("Art in Auschwitz 1940-1945"), Oświęcim, Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkeanu (Auschwitz-Birkeanu State Museum), 2005, ISBN 3-89946-051-0
External links
- iron-glass box manufactured by Jan Liwacz (Auschwitz-Birkeanu State Museum collection)
