John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale
| The Marquess of Tweeddale | |
|---|---|
| File:1stMarquessOfTweeddale.jpg
Portrait by Godfrey Kneller.
|
|
| Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland | |
| In office 1694–1696 |
|
| Monarch | William II |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Hamilton |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Tullibardine |
| Lord Chancellor of Scotland | |
| In office 1692–1696 |
|
| Monarch | William II |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Perth |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Marchmont |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 13 August 1625 Yester, East Lothian, Scotland |
| Died | 11 August 1697 (aged 71) Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Spouse(s) | Jean Scott |
| Religion | Presbyterian |
| Military service | |
| Battles/wars | English Civil War |
John Hay, 1st Marquess and 2nd Earl of Tweeddale (c. 13 August 1625, Yester, East Lothian – 11 August 1697, Edinburgh) was Lord Chancellor of Scotland.
During the English Civil War he repeatedly switched allegiance between the Royalist cause and the Parliamentarians. He fought for Charles I and joined him at Nottingham in 1642, then for Parliament at the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, on account of his attitude towards Covenanters, and four years later was again on the side of the Royalists at the Battle of Preston.
He succeeded as Earl of Tweeddale in 1654, and was imprisoned for support of James Guthrie in 1660. He was a member of the Commonwealth Parliaments of 1656 and 1659.
When Charles II was restored to the throne, he was appointed Lord President of the Scottish Council in 1663 and an Extraordinary Lord of Session in 1664.
He used his influence to moderate proceedings against the Covenanters, but with the hardening of the official attitude in 1674 he was dismissed from office and from the Privy Council on the advice of Lauderdale.
He returned to the Treasury in 1680. Tweeddale supported William III and became a privy councillor in 1689. He was Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1692-6.
He supported the Glorious Revolution in Scotland, and was created Marquess of Tweeddale in 1694. As Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland from 1694 to 1696 he ordered the inquiry into the Glencoe massacre in 1695. He was dismissed from the Chancellorship in 1696 for supporting the Darien scheme.
His portrait by Sir Peter Lely is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
Marriage and issue
Tweeddale married Jean Scott, daughter of Walter Scott, 1st Earl of Buccleuch and had issue:
- John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale
- Francis Hay
- David Hay
- Charles Hay
- Alexander Hay
- Gilbert Hay
- William Hay
- Margaret Hay
- Jean Hay
References
- Dictionary of National Biography, Concise edition, Oxford University Press.
- Hutchinson's Encyclopedia of Britain
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Lord Chancellor of Scotland 1692 – 1696 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Marchmont |
| Parliament of Scotland | ||
| Preceded by | Lord High Commissioner 1694–1696 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Tullibardine |
| Peerage of Scotland | ||
| New creation | Marquess of Tweeddale 1694–1697 |
Succeeded by John Hay |
| Preceded by | Earl of Tweeddale 1653–1697 |
|
- Pages with broken file links
- Use dmy dates from January 2012
- 1625 births
- 1697 deaths
- Marquesses in the Peerage of Scotland
- Senators of the College of Justice
- Lord Chancellors of Scotland
- Lords High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
- Commissioners of the Treasury of Scotland
- English MPs 1656–58 (Protectorate)
- English MPs 1659 (Protectorate)
- Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1689
- Extraordinary Lords of Session
