Joint Photographic Experts Group
The Joint Photographic Experts Group is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC1 and ITU-T (formerly CCITT) that created the JPEG, JPEG 2000, and JPEG XR standards. It is one of two sub-groups of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1, Subcommittee 29, Working Group 1 (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1) – titled as Coding of still pictures.[1][2][3] In the ITU-T, its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG). ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 Working Group 1 (working together with ITU-T Study Group 16 – SG16[4] and previously also with Study Group 8 – SG8[5][6]) is responsible for the JPEG and JBIG standards.[7] The scope of the organization includes the work of both the Joint Photographic Experts Group and Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group.[1][7]
In April 1983, ISO started to work to add photo quality graphics to text terminals. In the mid-1980s, both CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group VIII (SG8) – Telematic Services and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 – Coding of Audio and Picture Information.[8][9] They were historically targeted on image communication. In 1986, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Photographic Expert Group.[10] The JPEG committee was created in 1986.[11] In 1988, it was decided to create the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group (JBIG).[10] The group typically meets three times annually in North America, Asia and Europe. The group often meets jointly with the JBIG committee.[9][12]
Contents
Joint Bi-level Image experts Group
The Joint Bi-level Image experts Group (JBIG) is the second sub-group of the same working group (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1) as the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which focuses on binary images.[1] They created the JBIG and JBIG2 standard.[7][12]
Standards published and under development
The JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) as a sub-group of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 – Coding of Still Pictures (working as a joint team with ITU-T SG 16) have developed various standards, which have been published by ITU-T and/or ISO/IEC. The standards developed by the JPEG and JBIG sub-groups are referred to as a joint development of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 and ITU-T SG 16. The JPEG standards consist of different Parts. Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. Some of the published JPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. Standards developed and under development by JPEG are shown in the table below.
| Common Name | Part | First public release date (First edition) | ISO/IEC Number | ITU Number | Formal Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPEG | Part 1 | 1992 | ISO/IEC 10918-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.81 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Requirements and guidelines |
| Part 2 | 1994 | ISO/IEC 10918-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.83 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Compliance testing | |
| Part 3 | 1996 | ISO/IEC 10918-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.84 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions | |
| Part 4 | 1998 | ISO/IEC 10918-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.86 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT) | |
| Part 5 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 10918-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.871 | Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)[14] | |
| Part 6 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 10918-6 | ITU-T Rec. T.872 | Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Application to printing systems | |
| JPEG-LS | Part 1 | 1998 | ISO/IEC 14495-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.87 | Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline |
| Part 2 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 14495-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.870 | Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions | |
| JPEG 2000 | Part 1 | 2000 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 | ITU-T Rec. T.800 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Core coding system |
| Part 2 | 2004 | ISO/IEC 15444-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.801 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Extensions | |
| Part 3 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 15444-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.802 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Motion JPEG 2000 | |
| Part 4 | 2002 | ISO/IEC 15444-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.803 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Conformance testing | |
| Part 5 | 2003 | ISO/IEC 15444-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.804 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Reference software | |
| Part 6 | 2003 | ISO/IEC 15444-6 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 6: Compound image file format | ||
| Part 8 | 2007 | ISO/IEC 15444-8 | ITU-T Rec. T.807 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Secure JPEG 2000 | |
| Part 9 | 2005 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 | ITU-T Rec. T.808 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols | |
| Part 10 | 2008 | ISO/IEC 15444-10 | ITU-T Rec. T.809 | Information technology –JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data | |
| Part 11 | 2007 | ISO/IEC 15444-11 | ITU-T Rec. T.810 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Wireless | |
| Part 12 | 2004 | ISO/IEC 15444-12 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 12: ISO base media file format | ||
| Part 13 | 2008 | ISO/IEC 15444-13 | ITU-T Rec. T.812 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: An entry level JPEG 2000 encoder | |
| Part 14 | 2013 | ISO/IEC 15444-14 | ITU-T Rec. T.813 | Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 14: XML structural representation and reference | |
| MRC | 1999 | ISO/IEC 16485 | ITU-T Rec. T.44 | Information technology – Mixed Raster Content (MRC) | |
| JPSearch | Part 1 | 2007 | ISO/IEC TR 24800-1 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 1: System framework and components | |
| Part 2 | 2011 | ISO/IEC 24800-2 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 2: Registration, identification and management of schema and ontology | ||
| Part 3 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 24800-3 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 3: Query format | ||
| Part 4 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 24800-4 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 4: File format for metadata embedded in image data (JPEG and JPEG 2000) | ||
| Part 5 | 2011 | ISO/IEC 24800-5 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 5: Data interchange format between image repositories | ||
| Part 6 | 2012 | ISO/IEC 24800-6 | Information technology – JPSearch – Part 6: Reference software | ||
| JPEG XR | Part 1 | 2011 | ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 | T.Sup2 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 1: System architecture |
| Part 2 | 2009 | ISO/IEC 29199-2 | ITU-T Rec. T.832 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 2: Image coding specification | |
| Part 3 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-3 | ITU-T Rec. T.833 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 3: Motion JPEG XR | |
| Part 4 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-4 | ITU-T Rec. T.834 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 4: Conformance testing | |
| Part 5 | 2010 | ISO/IEC 29199-5 | ITU-T Rec. T.835 | Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 5: Reference software | |
| AIC | Part 1 | under development | ISO/IEC PDTR 29170-1 | Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation methodologies – Part 1: Guidelines for codec evaluation | |
| Part 2 | 2015 | ISO/IEC 29170-2 | Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation – Part 2: Evaluation procedure for nearly lossless coding |
See also
References
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