José María Bocanegra

In this Spanish name, the family name is Bocanegra.

José María Bocanegra
File:José María Bocanegra (Joaquín Ramírez).jpg Portrait of José María Bocanegra
3rd President of Mexico
In office 18 December 1829 – 23 December 1829
Vice President	Pedro Vélez
Preceded by	Vicente Guerrero
Succeeded by	Pedro Vélez
President of the Chamber of Deputies
In office 28 December 1826 – 31 January 1827
Preceded by	Juan Cayetano Portugal
Succeeded by	Juan Cayetano Portugal
Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Zacatecas
In office 1 January 1827 – 24 January 1829
Member of the National Institutional Junta for Zacatecas
In office 2 November 1822 – 29 March 1823
Member of the First Constituent Congress for Zacatecas
In office 24 February 1822 – 31 October 1822
Personal details
Born	25 May 1787 Labor de la Troje, New Spain (now Calvillo, Aguascalientes, Mexico)
Died	23 July 1862 (aged 75) Mexico City
Nationality	Mexican New Spanish (prior to 1821)
Political party	Popular

José María Bocanegra (Spanish pronunciation: [xosemaˈɾia bokaˈneɣɾa]; 25 May 1787 – 23 July 1862) was a Mexican lawyer and politician who was interim president of Mexico in December of 1829. He had been chosen by congress to serve as the executive while President Vicente Guerrero was trying to lead his troops in person against a coup attempt. The coup succeeded, and Bocanegra was pushed aside after only five days in office.

Biography

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Government of José María Bocanegra
Office	Name	Term
Foreign and Interior Relations	Agustín Viesca	18 Dec. 1829 - 23 Dec. 1829
Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs	José Manuel de Herrera	18 Dec. 1829 - 23 Dec. 1829
Treasury	Ildefonso Maniau	18 Dec. 1829 - 23 Dec. 1829
War and Marine	Francisco Moctezuma	18 Dec. 1829 - 23 Dec. 1829

Bocanegra graduated from the Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City, becoming a lawyer. During the colonial period he was a lawyer for the Audiencia and a member of the College of Attorneys. He was vice-president of the Committee of Charity of the Hospice for the Poor. He became a deputy to the first Mexican Constituent Congress in 1824. He supported Agustín de Iturbide's ascent to the imperial throne (Plan de Iguala), but opposed his exercise of arbitrary power.

Bocanegra entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1827, and on 26 January 1829, President Guadalupe Victoria named him Minister of Internal and External Relations. He continued to hold this position with the change of administration to Vicente Guerrero, until 1 April 1829.

On 4 December 1829, Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante rose in revolt against Guerrero (Plan de Jalapa). Guerrero received permission from Congress to take the field to combat the rebels. On 16 December 1829, Bocanegra was appointed interim president by Congress during Guerrero's absence by virtue of his position as president of the Supreme Court. He took office on December 18 and served until 23 December 1829, for only six days. On the latter date, the military garrison of Mexico City joined the Plan de Jalapa and withdrew recognition of Bocanegra. They installed an executive triumvirate of Pedro Vélez, Lucas Alamán and Luis de Quintanar. Bocanegra returned to his professional duties as a lawyer.

Later, Bocanegra was Minister of the Treasury under Presidents Valentín Gómez Farías and Antonio López de Santa Anna (26 April 1833 to 12 December 1833) and Minister of External Relations and of the Treasury under presidents Santa Anna, Nicolás Bravo and Valentín Canalizo (through 18 August 1844).

Bocanegra was known as an honorable and capable man who was uncomfortable participating in politics but felt it to be his duty to do so. He wrote the Memorias para la Historia de México Independiente. His nephew Francisco González Bocanegra was the author of the Himno Nacional Mexicano (the Mexican National Anthem). José María Bocanegra died in the Federal District.

See also

• List of heads of state of Mexico

References

• "Bocanegra, José María" Enciclopedia de México. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
• Appendini, Guadalupe, Aguascalientes. 46 personajes en su historia. México, Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes, 1992.
• García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
• Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.

External links

• Short biography
• Brief biography

Political offices
Preceded by Vicente Guerrero	President of Mexico 18–23 December 1829	Succeeded by Pedro Vélez, Lucas Alamán and Luis de Quintanar