Josef Koudelka

Josef Koudelka
180px Josef Koudelka photographed in Collesano, Sicily (easter 1987)
Born	(1938-01-10) 10 January 1938 Boskovice, Czechoslovakia
Nationality	Czech
Citizenship	French
Occupation	Photographer
Known for	Street photography

Josef Koudelka (born January 10, 1938) is a Czech photographer.

Biography

Koudelka was born in 1938 in Boskovice, Moravia. He began photographing his family and the surroundings with a 6 x 6 Bakelite camera. He studied at the Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT) between 1956 and 1961, receiving a Degree in Engineering in 1961. He staged his first photographic exhibition the same year. Later he worked as an aeronautical engineer in Prague and Bratislava.

He began taking commissions from theatre magazines, and regularly photographed stage productions at Prague's Theatre Behind the Gate on a Rolleiflex camera. In 1967, Koudelka decided to give up his career in engineering for full-time work as a photographer.

He had returned from a project photographing gypsies in Romania just two days before the Soviet invasion, in August 1968. He witnessed and recorded the military forces of the Warsaw Pact as they invaded Prague and crushed the Czech reforms. Koudelka's negatives were smuggled out of Prague into the hands of the Magnum agency, and published anonymously in The Sunday Times Magazine under the initials P. P. (Prague Photographer) for fear of reprisal to him and his family.

His pictures of the events became dramatic international symbols. In 1969 the "anonymous Czech photographer" was awarded the Overseas Press Club's Robert Capa Gold Medal for photographs requiring exceptional courage.

With Magnum to recommend him to the British authorities, Koudelka applied for a three-month working visa and fled to England in 1970, where he applied for political asylum and stayed for more than a decade. In 1971 he joined Magnum Photos. A nomad at heart, he continued to wander around Europe with his camera and little else.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Koudelka sustained his work through numerous grants and awards, and continued to exhibit and publish major projects like Gypsies (1975) and Exiles (1988). Since 1986, he has worked with a panoramic camera and issued a compilation of these photographs in his book Chaos in 1999. Koudelka has had more than a dozen books of his work published, including most recently in 2006 the retrospective volume Koudelka.

Koudelka has won awards such as the Prix Nadar (1978), a Grand Prix National de la Photographie (1989), a Grand Prix Cartier-Bresson (1991), and the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in Photography (1992). Significant exhibitions of his work have been held at the Museum of Modern Art and the International Center of Photography, New York; the Hayward Gallery, London; the Stedelijk Museum of Modern Art, Amsterdam; and the Palais de Tokyo, Paris.

He and his work received support and acknowledgment from his friend the French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson. He was also supported by the Czech art historian Anna Farova.

In 1987, Koudelka became a French citizen, and was able to return to Czechoslovakia for the first time, in 1990. He then produced Black Triangle, documenting the wasted landscape in the Podkrušnohoří region, the western tip of the Black Triangle's foothills of the Ore Mountains, located between Germany and the Czech Republic.

Koudelka resides in France and Prague and is continuing his work documenting the European landscape. He has two daughters and a son.

Work

Koudelka's early work significantly shaped his later photography, and its emphasis on social and cultural rituals as well as death. He soon moved on to a more personal, in depth photographic study of the Gypsies of Slovakia, and later Romania. This work was exhibited in Prague in 1967. Throughout his career, Koudelka has been praised for his ability to capture the presence of the human spirit amidst dark landscapes. Desolation, waste, departure, despair and alienation are common themes in his work. His characters sometimes seem to come out of fairytales. Still, some see hope within his work — the endurance of human endeavor, in spite of its fragility. His later work focuses on the landscape removed of human subjects.

His most recent book Wall: Israeli and Palestinian Landscapes was published by Aperture Foundation in 2013. This book is composed of panoramic landscapes that he made between 2008 and 2012, as his project for the photography collective This Place, organized by photographer Frédéric Brenner.

Awards

• 1967 – Award by Union of Czechoslovakian Artists, Czechoslovakia
• 1969 – Robert Capa Gold Medal Award, National Press Photographers Association, US
• 1972 – British Arts Council Grant to cover Kendal and Southend, UK
• 1973 – British Arts Council Grant to cover Gypsy life in Britain, UK
• 1976 – Arts Council of Great Britain grant to cover life in the British Isles, UK
• 1978 – Prix Nadar, France.
• 1980 – National Endowment for the Arts Council, US
• 1987 – Grand Prix National de la Photographie, French Ministry of Culture, France
• 1989 – Grand Prix National de la Photographie.
• 1991 – Grand Prix Henri Cartier-Bresson, France
• 1992 – Erna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation Photography Prize, Sweden
• 1998 – The Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship (HonFRPS) in recognition of a sustained, significant contribution to the art of photography in 1998.
• 2004 – Cornell Capa Infinity Award, International Center of Photography, US
• 2015 – Dr. Erich Salomon Award

Exhibitions

• 1961 – Divadlo Semafor, Prague
• 1967 – Josef Koudela: Cikáni – 1961–1966, Divadlo za branou, Prague
• 1968 – Josef Koudela: Divadelni fotografie – 1965–1968, Divadlo za branou, Prague
• 1975 – Josef Koudelka, Museum of Modern Art, New York
• 1977 – Gitans: la fin du voyage, Galerie Delpire, Paris; Kunsthaus Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; The Tel-Aviv Museum, Israel; Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
• 1984 – Josef Koudelka, Hayward Gallery, London
• 1988/89 – Josef Koudelka, Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Paris; International Center of Photography, New York; Akademie der Künste, Berlin; Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany; IVAM, Valencia, Spain.
• 1989 – Josef Koudelka, Mission Transmanche, galerie de l'ancienne poste, Calais, France
• 1990 – Josef Koudelka z Fotografického dila 1958–1990, Umeleckoprumyslové museum, Prague
• 1994 – Černý trojúhelník – Podkrušnohoří : Fotografie 1990–1994 = The Black Triangle : the foothills of the Ore mountains, Salmovsky Palac, Prague
• 1995/97 – Periplanissis: following Ulysses' Gaze, Mylos, Thessaloniki, Greece; Zappeion, Athens; Centre culturel Una Volta, Bastia, France; ville de Rodez, France; Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo; Museo di Storia della Fotografia, Fratelli Alinari, Firenze, Italy.
• 1998 – Reconnaissance: Wales, National Museum and Gallery of Wales, Cardiff, UK
• 1999/2001 – Chaos, Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome; Cantieri Culturali della Zisa, Palermo, Italy; Palazzo Marino alla Scala, Milan; The Snellman Hall, Helsinki; sala de exposiciones de Plaza de España, Madrid.
• 2002 – Josef Koudelka: Fotograf, National Gallery, Prague
• 2002/03 – Rétrospective, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France; Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City; Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
• 2003 – Teatro del Tempo, Mercati di Traiano, Rome
• 2006 – Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France: exhibition and laureate of the Discovery Award
• 2008
  • Screening at Théâtre antique d'Orange, Rencontres d'Arles, Arles, France
  • Prague 1968, Aperture Gallery, New York
  • Koudelka, Benaki Museum, Athens
  • Josef Koudelka, Pera Museum, İstanbul
  • Invaze = Invasion, Old Town Hall, Prague
• 2010 – Invasion Prague 68, Photo Cube Market Square, Guernsey
• 2012 – Zingari, Fondazione Forma, Milan
• 2013 – Vestiges 1991–2012, Centre de la Vieille Charité, Marseilles, France
• 2013/2014 – Josef Koudelka Retrospective, The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
• 2014/2015 – Josef Koudelka: Nationality Doubtful, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Getty Center, Los Angeles.

Publications

• Diskutujeme o moralce dneska, Nakladatelstvi Politické Literatury, Czechoslovakia, 1965.
• Kral Ubu: Rozbor inscenace Divadla Na Zabradli v Praze (with Alfred Jarry), Divadelni Ustav, Czechoslovakia, 1966.
• Rozbor insenace Divadla Na zabradli v Praze, 1966.
• Josef Koudelka, 1968.
• Gitans : la fin du voyage. Paris: Delpire, ASIN B0014M0TV8; Gypsies, US: Aperture, ISBN 978-0-912334-74-5, 1975.
• Josef Koudelka: I Grandi Fotografi, Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, Italy, 1982.
• Josef Koudelka Photo Poche, Centre National de la Photographie, France, 1984.
• Josef Koudelka. Photographs by Josef Koudelka. Introduction by Bernard Cuau. Centre National de la Photographie, Paris, 1984.
• Exiles.
  • Paris: Centre National de la Photographie; Paris: Delpire Editions; New York: Aperture; London: Thames & Hudson, 1988, ISBN 978-0-500-54208-8.
  • Paris: Delpire Editions; New York: Aperture, 1997. Revised edition.
  • London: Thames & Hudson (ISBN 978-0-500-54441-9); New York: Aperture, 2014 (ISBN 978-1-59711-269-7). Revised and expanded edition. Essay by Czesław Miłosz. Commentary with Josef Koudelka and Robert Delpire.
• Josef Koudelka, Mission Photographique Transmanche, France: Editions de la Différence, 1989.
• Animaux, Trois Cailloux/maison de la Culture d'Amiens, France, 1990.
• Prague 1968, France: Centre National de la Photographie, 1990.
• Josef Koudelka: Fotografie Divadlo za branou 1965–1970, Divadlo za Branou II, Czech Republic, 1993.
• Josef Koudelka. Photographs by Josef Koudelka, Hasselblad Center, 1993.
• Cerný Trojuhelník – Podkrušnohorí : Fotografie 1990–1994 (The Black Triangle: The Foothills of the Ore Mountain) Vesmir, Czech Republic, 1994.
• Photopoche: Josef Koudleka France: Cnp, 1997, ISBN 978-2-09-754114-7.
• Reconnaissance Wales, Cardiff, UK: Fotogallery/ National Museums and Galleries of Wales, 1998, ISBN 978-1-872771-45-8.
• Chaos, France: Nathan/Delpire; UK: Phaidon Press; Italy: Federico Motta Editore, 1999, ISBN 978-0-7148-4594-4.
• Lime Stone, France: La Martinière, 2001.
• Josef Koudelka, Czech Republic: Torst, 2002, ISBN 978-80-7215-166-0.
• Théâtre du Temps, France: Actes Sud, ISBN 978-2-7427-4435-0; (Teatro del Tempo), Italy: Peliti Associati; Greece: Apeiron, 2003.
• L'épreuve totalitaire (essay by Jean-Pierre Montier), Delpire, France, 2004.
• Koudelka: Camargue, France: Actes Sud, 2006, ISBN 978-2-7427-6174-6.
• Koudelka, France: Delpire; Italy: Contrasto; US: Aperture; UK: Thames & Hudson; Germany: Braus; Spain: Lunwerg; Czech Republic: Fototorst, 2006.
• Joseph Koudelka Photofile, Thames & Hudson, 2007, ISBN 978-0-500-41083-7.
• Invasion 68: Prague US: Aperture Foundation, ISBN 978-1-59711-068-6; France: Editions Tana, ISBN 978-2-84567-438-7, 2008.
• Koudelka Piedmont Contrasto, 2010, ISBN 978-88-6965-217-2.
• Roma. Göttingen: Steidl, 2011. ISBN 9783869303888.
• Lime, 2012, Paris: Xavier Barral, ISBN 978-2-9151-7385-7.
• Wall, 2013, Aperture Foundation, ISBN 978-1-5971-1241-3.

See also

• Josef Sudek

External links

• 2012 Josef Koudelka latest book : Lime on the Website Le Journal de la Photographie
• Josef Koudelka at Magnum Photos
• Josef Koudelka at Masters of Photography
• On Exile, by Czesław Miłosz, introductory text from Exiles (1988)
• Photography View: Josef Koudelka's Melancholy Visions of Gypsy Life New York Times
• A look at the Josef Koudelka retrospective at the National Gallery's Trades Fair Palace in Prague, 2003
• Josef Koudelka: Contact Sheets
• Recent retrospective in Tokyo Metropolis Magazine

Interviews

• 1968: Josef Koudelka and 1968, summer of hate, interview in The Sunday Times
• Interview with VOGUE on "Gypsies" exhibition
• 40 years on: the exile comes home to Prague
• Interview with Social Stereotype (2006)
• Interview with Frank Horvat (January 1987)*Praga '68 – la Primavera di Koudelka, La Domenica di Repubblica, article and interview about photographs of the Soviet invasion of Prague