Joseph M. Dixon

Joseph Moore Dixon
United States Senator from Montana
In office March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1913
Preceded by	William A. Clark
Succeeded by	Thomas J. Walsh
7th Governor of Montana
In office January 3, 1921 – January 4, 1925
Lieutenant	Nelson Story, Jr.
Preceded by	Sam V. Stewart
Succeeded by	John E. Erickson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana's At-large district
In office March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1907
Preceded by	Caldwell Edwards
Succeeded by	Charles N. Pray
Personal details
Born	(1867-07-31)July 31, 1867 Snow Camp, North Carolina
Died	Missoula, Montana
Resting place	Missoula Cemetery
Political party	Republican

Joseph Moore Dixon (July 31, 1867 – May 22, 1934) was a Republican politician from Montana. He served as a Representative, Senator, and the seventh Governor of Montana. A businessman and a modernizer of Quaker heritage, Dixon was a leader of the Progressive Movement in Montana and nationally. His term as governor, 1921–1925, was unsuccessful, as severe economic hardship limited the opportunities for action by the state government, and his great enemy the Anaconda Copper company mobilized its resources to defeat reform.

Early life

Dixon was born in Snow Camp, North Carolina to a Quaker family; his father operated a farm and a small factory. Dixon attended Quaker colleges, Earlham College in Indiana and Guilford College in North Carolina, graduating in 1889. He excelled at history, debate and oratory. Dixon moved to the frontier town of Missoula, Montana in 1891, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1892. Although he left the Quaker faith, he never abandoned Quaker ideals.

Early career

Dixon served as assistant prosecuting attorney of Missoula County from 1893 to 1895 and prosecuting attorney from 1895 to 1897. In 1900, he served in the Montana House of Representatives. He married Caroline M. Worden, daughter of prominent Missoula businessman Frank Worden, in 1896. They had seven children: Virginia, Florence, Dorothy, Betty, Mary Joe, Peggy, and Frank. Frank died shortly after birth.Dixon grew wealthy through his law practice and his investments in real estate; to further his political ambitions in 1900 he bought a Missoula newspaper, the Missoulian.

Political career

Dixon took advantage of the internal dissension among rival factions of the Democratic party to rise rapidly in politics. In 1902 and 1904 he won congressional races, and in 1907 the Montana legislature chose him for a U.S. Senate seat. He became an ardent admirer of President Theodore Roosevelt, and joined the progressive wing of the party, fighting the conservatives. He unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1912, but that year, he was the campaign manager for Roosevelt and chaired the National Progressive Convention that nominated Roosevelt on the third-party Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") ticket as the GOP split between progressives and stand--patters. Out of office, Dixon returned to Montana to look after his newspaper properties, and to battle the Amalgamated Copper Company, the behemoth that dominated both political parties through its corrupt spending. He finally sold his newspapers, and they were taken over by Amalgamated. In 1920, Dixon ran for Governor of Montana, and, following farmer unrest that weakened the copper company, Dixon was carried by the national Republican landslide into office as Governor, defeating Democratic nominee Burton K. Wheeler comfortably. Although Dixon had many reform proposals, he was unable to enact them because of the severe economic depression in the state, and the systematic opposition of Anaconda Copper. He was defeated for reelection in 1924 to John E. Erickson and for the Senate in 1928, losing to his one-time foe, Wheeler, in the general election.

In 1929 he was appointed First Assistant Secretary of the Interior, and served in that position until 1933. In 1930, he was involved with a project to develop water power on the Flathead Indian Reservation, and with it, a complex network of water rights for the Reservation.

He died in Missoula, Montana on May 22, 1934 due to heart problems. He is interred at the Missoula Cemetery in Missoula, Montana.

Further reading

• Jules A. Karlin, Joseph M. Dixon of Montana (2 vols., 1974)
• Jules A. Karlin. "Dixon, Joseph Moore"; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000

External links

• Joseph M. Dixon at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• National Governors Association
• Montana Historical Society
• The Political Graveyard
• govtrack.us
• Joseph M. Dixon Papers (University of Montana Archives)
• Charles L. Cowell Papers (University of Montana Archives)

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Caldwell Edwards	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana's At-large congressional district 1903–1907	Succeeded by Charles N. Pray
United States Senate
Preceded by William A. Clark	U.S. Senator from Montana 1907–1913	Succeeded by Thomas J. Walsh
Political offices
Preceded by Sam V. Stewart	Governor of Montana 1921-1925	Succeeded by John Edward Erickson