Joseph N. Welch

Joseph N. Welch
Born	Joseph Nye Welch (1890-10-22)October 22, 1890 Primghar, Iowa, US
Died	Cape Cod Hospital, Hyannis, Massachusetts, US
Education	Grinnell College (1914) Harvard Law School (1917)
Years active	1956–1960
Known for	Army–McCarthy hearings
Spouse(s)	Judith Lyndon (c. 1890–1956) Agnes Rodgers Brown

Joseph Nye Welch (October 22, 1890 – October 6, 1960) was the chief counsel for the United States Army while it was under investigation for Communist activities by Senator Joseph McCarthy's Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, an investigation known as the Army–McCarthy hearings.

Early life

Welch was born in Primghar, Iowa, on October 22, 1890, the seventh and youngest child of English immigrants Martha (Thyer) and William Welch. He attended Grinnell College and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1914, then attended Harvard Law School and graduated in 1917, magna cum laude, with the second highest grade point average in his graduating class. Welch married Judith Lyndon on September 20, 1917. They had two sons, Joe and Lyndon.

Career

Beginning in 1923, Welch was a partner at Hale and Dorr, a Boston law firm, and lived in nearby Walpole, Massachusetts.

Army–McCarthy hearings

On June 9, 1954, the 30th day of the Army–McCarthy hearings, McCarthy accused Fred Fisher, a junior attorney at Welch's law firm, of associating with the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) while in law school. The NLG was a group that FBI director J. Edgar Hoover sought to have the Attorney General designate as a Communist front organization. Welch had privately discussed the matter with Fisher beforehand and the two agreed Fisher should not participate in the hearings. Welch dismissed Fisher's association with the NLG as a youthful indiscretion and attacked McCarthy for naming the young man before a nationwide television audience without prior warning or previous agreement to do so:

Welch (left) being questioned by Senator Joe McCarthy (right) at the Army-McCarthy hearings, June 9, 1954.

Until this moment, Senator, I think I have never really gauged your cruelty or your recklessness. Fred Fisher is a young man who went to the Harvard Law School and came into my firm and is starting what looks to be a brilliant career with us. Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad. It is true he is still with Hale and Dorr. It is true that he will continue to be with Hale and Dorr. It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you. If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty I would do so. I like to think I am a gentleman, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me.

When McCarthy tried to renew his attack, Welch interrupted him:

Senator, may we not drop this? We know he belonged to the Lawyers Guild. Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?

McCarthy tried to ask Welch another question about Fisher, and Welch interrupted:

Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further with you. You have sat within six feet of me and could have asked me about Fred Fisher. You have seen fit to bring it out. And if there is a God in Heaven it will do neither you nor your cause any good. I will not discuss it further. I will not ask Mr. Cohn any more questions. You, Mr. Chairman, may, if you will, call the next witness.

Acting

Welch played a Michigan judge in Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder (1959). He said he took the role because "it looked like that was the only way I'd ever get to be a judge." Welch actually took the part on the condition that his wife, Agnes, would be in the film. She was cast as a juror. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture and a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for the role. He also narrated the television shows Omnibus and Dow Hour of Great Mysteries.

Personal life

His first wife, Judith Lyndon, died on December 21, 1956, and he married Agnes Rodgers Brown in 1957. After remarrying, he moved to Harwichport, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, where he lived until his death.

He suffered a heart attack and died on October 6, 1960, at Cape Cod Hospital in Hyannis, Massachusetts, fifteen months after the release of Anatomy of a Murder.

Later references

• The documentary film Point of Order! (1964) includes excerpts from the Army–McCarthy hearings.
• In the 1977 NBC biopic Tail Gunner Joe, Welch was played by Burgess Meredith.
• The rock band R.E.M. sampled some of the audio from the Army-McCarthy hearings for their song "Exhuming McCarthy", on their album Document (1987).
• In the 1992 HBO film Citizen Cohn, Welch was played by Ed Flanders.
• The 2005 film Good Night, and Good Luck, which dramatized the work of television journalists Edward R. Murrow and Fred Friendly at CBS, uses footage of the Army–McCarthy hearings, including Welch's challenge to McCarthy.

External links

• Joseph N. Welch at the Internet Movie Database
• McCarthy–Welch exchange: "Have You No Sense of Decency" (transcript and sound file)
• History of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr
• Joseph Welch on the cover of Life Magazine