Kainuu

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Kainuu
Kainuun maakunta
Kajanalands landskap
Region
Coat of arms of Kainuu
Coat of arms
Kainuu on a map of Finland
Kainuu on a map of Finland
Country Finland
Historical province Ostrobothnia
Area
 • Total 22,687.38 km2 (8,759.65 sq mi)
Population (January, 2016).[1]
 • Total 75 415
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
ISO 3166 code FI-05
NUTS 134
Regional bird Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus)
Regional fish European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus)
Regional flower Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Regional Stone Greenschist
Regional lake Oulujärvi
Regional song Nälkämaan laulu
Website www.kainuu.fi

Kainuu (Swedish: Kajanaland; Russian: Кайнуу) is one of the 19 Regions of Finland (maakunta / landskap) . There are 18 regions in mainland Finland, and the autonomous Åland Islands. Kainuu borders the regions of Northern Ostrobothnia, North Karelia and Northern Savonia. In the east it also borders Russia. Kainuu is known in the ancient Norse sagas as Kvenland.

Boreal forest makes up most of the biome in Kainuu. The forest in Kainuu mostly consists of birches, pines and spruces. The atypical regional geography and landscape consist of lakes, hills and vast uninhabited forest areas.

The largest lake in the region is the Oulujärvi (928.09 km²), one of the largest lakes in Finland. Its shorelines, open waters and islands in Kainuu belong to the municipalities of Vaala, Paltamo and Kajaani.

The highest point in Kainuu is the Iso Tuomivaara (385m), located in the municipality of Hyrynsalmi.[2] The regional climate is continental.

Culturally Kainuu is part of larger Eastern-Finnish cultural heritage. The dialect of Kainuu is based on Savonian and Karelian dialects.

Historical province

For history, geography and culture see: Ostrobothnia

For origin of the name Kainuu see: Origin of the name Kainuu

Municipalities

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Main article: Municipalities of Kainuu
The municipalities of Kainuu:
Kajaani
Vaala
Paltamo
Ristijärvi
Sotkamo
Kuhmo
Suomussalmi
Hyrynsalmi
Puolanka

Kainuu has eight municipalities.

Former Municipalities of Kainuu

Changes in the regions municipalities

The administrative capital of Kainuu is Kajaani. Vaala, formerly one of the nine municipal members of the Kainuu region became part of the Northern Ostrobothnia in the beginning of the year 2016.[3]

Kainuu Regional Population between 1980 - 2015
Year Population
1980
99,247
1985
99,288
1990
96,957
1995
95,201
2000
89,777
2005
85,303
2010
82,073
2015
79,032

Statistics Finland[4] & Population Register Center[5]

The municipality of Vaala is still counted as part of the region in the end of 2015.

Economy of the Kainuu Region

In 2012 Kainuu region had a total of 29 722 jobs. The largest sector in the employment market of Kainuu is the service sector with (21 915) 73,7 % share of the regions entire employed workforce. The industrial and construction sector follow as the 2nd largest actor with (5 243) 17,6 % of the employed working under these fields. Third largest sector is the forest industry and agriculture with a (2 228) 7,5 % workforce. The smallest uncounted factor in these statistics are the miscellaneous jobs that don’t fit easily under any of three general terms mentioned above. The miscellaneous jobs form 336 1,2 % of the region’s workforce.[6]

The total unemployment of Kainuu was in 2014 6 001 which is 16,9 % of the workforce of the area. The nationwide average at the time was 12,4 %. The worst unemployment was in the town of Kuhmo with (771) 19,6 % people unemployed. The town with the least amount of unemployment was the municipality of Sotkamo with (684) 14,1 % people unemployed. Kainuu has a total of 4301 firms by each sector in its economy. Three of the largest sectors are Agriculture, forestry and fishing, wholesale and retail trade and construction. The smallest three are education, mining & quarrying and information & communication.[6]

State, municipal and private sectors are the three big players in the regions employment market. Private sector is the largest actor in the region with 51% of the workforce working on it. Municipal sector comes up to 29% and the state has 7% of the workforce. Statewide averages are 58% for the private, 23% for the municipal and 6% for the state sectors. The number of companies in the region of Kainuu is 3 429.[6]

Education

The regional education qualification level is at 67,4 % between the age groups of 15 years and over. The average of women in the region for the educational qualification is 67,4 % and for men 67,3 %. The nation-wide average is 69,4% for the whole age group and the nation-wide average for women is 70,1 % and for men 68,7%. Based on these numbers Kainuu has the 8th lowest educational level out of the 19 regions of Finland.[7]

Kainuu has several further education institutes and organizations that are centralized in the town of Kajaani. These are Kajaani University of Applied Sciences,[8] AIKOPA[9] and Kainuu Vocational College (KAO).[10] Many of the municipalities and towns also offer education for the upper secondary education.

Kajaani University of Applied Sciences (KAMK) offers education, research, development and innovation services. These happen in the fields of activity tourism, nursing and health care, business and innovation, information systems and mechanical engineering. The students number at 2000 in the KAMK and the staff at 235.[11]

AIKOPA is part of KAMK’s and University of Oulu's service that is provided for joint adult and continuing education. AIKOPa offers services like education, expertise, research and development at the higher education level.[11]

The Kainuu Vocational College (KAO) has a goal to give training, vocational and basic skills for both the young people and adults who number approximately at 2600. KAO has six different field of education through which students and the adults alike can receive qualification and training. These are technology and transportation, tourism, catering and domestic services, natural resources, healthcare, culture and business and administration.[12]

Transportation

Kainuu has a total of 4 732 kilometers of road network and the average of 505 private cars / 1000 inhabitants.[6]

The air traffic of Kainuu had 71 854 cumulative passengers of which 77 981 were domestic and 3 873 were international passengers.[6] The only major airport in the region is the Kajaani airport which is located some 7 kilometers (4 mi) northwest from the Kajaani town center.

The Kajaani railway station works as the central hub for the Kainuu regions train passenger and freight transportation. The passenger traffic from and to Kajaani railway station runs between the line 13 of Helsinki-Kajaani and the line 14A of Oulu-Kontiomäki.

Tourism and Culture in Kainuu

Tourism is a significant factor in the regional economics of Kainuu.[6] The two most important seasons for the regions tourism are winter and summer. Winter season is the more popular one amongst the tourists and travelers. The single most popular month for the overnight stays in Kainuu is July. The count for the nights spent in the Kainuu region was 970 953 in the year of 2014. Domestic tourism forms major part of the annual tourism. Around 9-10% of the annual tourism of the regions comes from the international tourism. The variation of this number is dependent on the recent economic downturn that has caused drop in the Russian tourism towards the Kainuu region in which the Russians are the single largest customerbase.[13]

Kainuu region has three major sports and ski resorts, which are Paljakka,[14] Ukkohalla[15] and Vuokatti.[16] These resorts offer various sport possibilities for different seasons such as skiing, downhill skiing and hiking among others.

Outside the sport resorts are also tourism related service clusters and networks such as Wild Taiga which offer various services from different actors of Kuhmo and Suomussalmi municipalities.[17] Other significant regional points of interests from the perspective of tourism are the areas around Oulujärvi, Kajaani and Ristijärvi.[6]

In tourism Oulujärvi is concentrated on offering services in water- and culture based tourism around the lake.[18] These include such things as Rokua Health & Spa,[19] several leisure activities and services in the municipality of Paltamo and the the national park of Rokua which also has the UNESCO Geopark status.[20]

Kajaani is the so called capital of Kainuu and through this it is also the central transportational hub in the area. The town is central for the tourists who come to the Kainuu region either by train Kajaani Airport.[6] Kajaani offers many commercial and culturally related services for tourists. Examples of these services are the Town Theater, Kaukametsä Culture and Congress Center,[21] Kainuu Museum[22] and the Kajaani Art Museum[23] and many others.

Cultural events and sightseeing in the region

The region of Kainuu and its municipalities offer wide variety of different seasonal events and sightseeing possibilities. Cultural events vary from sports to entertainment and cultural events.

The Kajaani Church
The Kajaani Castle ruins
Notable history related sightseeing in the Kainuu

History and art related sightseeing of the region

Regional Food Culture

Food products that come from the nature are essential part of the local food culture in Kainuu. These include fish, various berries, game meat and variety of mushrooms. A few examples of these are the traditional vendace soup, smoked meat soup and the sweetened lingonberry porridge.

Bread and bakery are also one of the corner stones of Kainuu-based kitchen. These include rye bread and local specialties such as a traditional sweet delicacy called Rönttönen and the bread cheese / squeaky cheese that is often served together with cloudberry jam or as is.

Local Media

The Kainuu region's most popular newspaper is the morning newspaper Kainuun Sanomat with 50 000 daily readers and 16 093 copies in circulation.[38] There are also several other smaller news- and free newspapers which are more local and town based in their news coverage and distribution. The more popular example in the Kainuu region is the Koti-Kajaani with a total of 30 276 - 38 369 copies in circulations in the weekdays of wednesday and saturday.[39]

Local Newspapers

  • Kainuun Sanomat
  • Koti-Kajaani
  • Kuhmolainen[40]
  • Puolanka-lehti[41]
  • Sotkamo-lehti[42]
  • Ylä-Kainuu[43]
  • Väylä[44]

Local Radio Stations

Kainuu has two regional radio stations among the state-wide radio stations. Radio Kajaus bases it content on pop music, news and interviews on the current affairs.[45] Kainuun Radio is one of the 19 regional radiostations owned by the state company Yleisradio (YLE). Between 6.30 – 17.00 the station broadcasts its own regional content. Outside of that the station will share the contents of the statewide Yle Radio Suomi station.[46]

  • Radio Kajaus
  • YLE Kainuun radio

Regional Politics

In the Finnish parliamentary election Kainuu is part of the Oulu electoral district which elects 18 members of the Finnish parliament from the local district.

Parliamentary elections 2015

Parlamentary elections 2015[6] % Of Votes Cast
Center Party Left Alliance SDP National Coalition Green League Finns Party Christian Democrats of Finland Other Voted %
Kainuu 43,7 18,0 9,4 8,7 13,3 4,2 1,6 1,2 61,0
Whole country 21,1 17,7 16,5 18,2 7,1 8,5 3,5 7,4 66,9

An municipal election is held every 4 years and the members of the elected municipal councils also elect members amongst themselves to represent their respective municipality in the regional council of Kainuu. Traditionally, up to this date, the Centre Party has been the largest political entity in both the Oulu electoral district and in the region of Kainuu.

Municipal elections 2012

Municipal Elections 2012[6] Council Seats
Center Party Left Alliance SDP National Coalition Green League Finns Party Other Total
Hyrynsalmi 13 5 2 0 0 0 1 21
Kajaani 13 8 7 8 1 2 9 51
Kuhmo 15 2 5 3 1 2 7 35
Paltamo 11 3 3 1 1 0 2 21
Puolanka 14 4 0 0 0 0 2 21
Ristijärvi 12 0 1 2 0 0 2 17
Sotkamo 15 6 1 4 1 0 8 35
Suomussalmi 19 10 0 2 0 0 4 35
Vaala 14 3 1 0 0 0 3 21
Kainuu in total 126 41 20 20 4 4 38 257

Regional Government and Regional Development

The Regional Council of Kainuu is one of the 19 regional councils in Finland. The law gives these councils two mains tasks that are development of the region and the land use and planning in the region. A regional council is a key actor in the area that is responsible of the implementation of the Structural Fund programs of the EU. Networking with other actors both within and outside the region is important in protecting and promoting the unique culture of the region.

Regional Council of Kainuu is governed by the regional assembly, decisions carried out by the regional board and assisted by the Regional council’s office, which is led by the regional mayor. The current regional mayor is Pentti Malinen. The Regional Assembly of Kainuu has 35 members.[47] The regional council’s office has about 20-25 employees and is divided in to different teams depending on the area of their responsibility and expertise.[48]

The establishing treaty of the Regional Council of Kainuu (accepted in December 2015) defines the Assembly tasks as follows:

  • The Regional Assembly elects a council chairman and also the 1st and 2nd vice chairmen to whom the assembly also grants a right to be present and to speak at the meetings of the Board of the Regional Council.
  • The Regional Assembly approves an estimated budget for the Regional Council for each financial year and a financial plan for the Regional Council at least for 3 years.
  • Regional Assembly decides based on the preparations of the audit board, auditor’s report and reminders in the report on how these give rise to action. While approving the financial statement the Regional Assembly also decides on the discharge for the entities and persons accountable.
  • The Regional Assembly chooses the members of the Regional Board and also chooses the chairman and the vice chairmen and decides upon the length of the term of the Regional Board.
  • Regional Assembly also has the ability to establish such institutions and actors which it sees fit for the moment.
  • Regional Assembly appoints an audit board for the inspection of the management and the financial situation. The Assembly also decides upon the proposal of the audit board whether there is a call for one or two auditing firm.

Regional Assemblys tasks, Regional Council of Kainuu[47]

Regional Assembly 2013 - 2016

Representatives in the Regional Assembly[6] Regional Assembly of Kainuu
Center Party Left Alliance SDP National Coalition Green League Finns Party Other Total
Number of Assembly Representatives 14 5 4 4 1 6 1 35

The Regional Assembly of 2013-2016[47]

  • Pentti Kettunen, Chairman
  • Eero Suutari, 1st Vice Chairman
  • Kati Nykänen, 2nd Vice Chairman

Municipalities and towns each get certain count of representatives in the assembly. This is based on their population size. These are divided in to three different categories. These numbers also include the vice representavies from each member of the assembly.[49]

  • Kajaani: 15 representatvies in total.
  • Kuhmo, Sotkamo and Suomussalmi: 4 representatives each.
  • Hyrynsalmi, Puolanka, Paltamo and Ristijärvi 2 representavies each.

The Regional Board of 2015-2016[50]

  • Timo Korhonen, Chairman
  • Eija Hakkarainen, 1st Vice Chairman
  • Marisanna Jarva 2nd Vice Chairman

Gallery

  • River Oulujoki is the largest river in the region

  • Lake Nuasjärvi from Vuokatti, Sotkamo

  • Lake Oulujärvi is the largest lake in the region

  • Typical forest landscape, Paltamo

  • Vuolijoki Church in Jugendstil; the only rock church in Kainuu

  • Kontiomäki Railway Station, Paltamo

  • Old Town House in Kajaani

  • Hepoköngäs waterfall, Puolanka

  • Ceiling paintings of the wooden church in Paltaniemi, Kajaani

  • Rural landscape in Puolanka

  • A brown bear in Kuhmo

  • Housivirta creek in Suomussalmi

  • Kuhmo Arts Centre; a big annual chamber music festival is held in Kuhmo

  • Hyrynsalmi Church

  • A marsh lake in Puolanka

  • Tar boats in Paltamo coats of arms; tar production used to be an important occupation

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Preliminary population in the Kainuu region Preliminary population statistics. Statistics Finland. Referenced on 12.28.2015
  2. ↑ Sisä-Suomen tuulivoimaselvitys raportti part 3 Report. Regional Council of Kainuu. Referenced on 29.12.2015
  3. ↑ Vaala siirtyy Kainuusta Pohjois-Pohjanmaahan vuoden 2016 alusta Press release. Ministry of Finance. Referenced on the 04.01.2016
  4. ↑ http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=060_vaerak_tau_107&ti=V%E4est%F6+kielen+mukaan+sek%E4+ulkomaan+kansalaisten+m%E4%E4r%E4+ja+maa%2Dpinta%2Dala+alueittain+1980+%2D+2012&path=../Database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=3&multilang=fi Regional population by the language and the number of forgeiners and the area size. Statistics Finland
  5. ↑ http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8830&site=3&id=0 Population Information System -statistics. Population Register Center. Referred to on 01.07.2016
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Kainuu in statistics 2015 Statistics brochure. Regional Council of Kainuu. Referenced 12.29.2015
  7. ↑ http://stat.fi/til/vkour/2013/vkour_2013_2014-11-06_tau_003_fi.html Educational level statistics of the regions of Finland based on the gender & graduates in the year of 2013. Statistics Finland. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  8. ↑ https://www.kamk.fi/en
  9. ↑ http://www.aikopa.fi/In-English
  10. ↑ http://www.greenqampus.eu/partners/kainuu-vocational-college/ Info. Kainuu Vocational College. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://www.kamk.fi/loader.aspx?id=ca9d0ccb-61d1-4d34-82d7-bc02b0f5e931 Brochure. KAMK. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  12. ↑ http://www.kao.fi/koulutusalat/ Fields of study info in Finnish. Kainuu Vocational College. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  13. ↑ http://www.kainuunetu.fi/UserFiles/d763e312-4069-4815-82bd-f6886b1871ca/Web/El%C3%A4mystuotanto%20ja%20elintarvike/2014_Kainuun_matkailutilastollinen_vuosikirja_2014_Final.pdf Statistical Yearbook of Tourism in Kainuu 2014. Yearbook. Kainuun Etu Oy. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  14. ↑ http://paljakka.fi/en/ Paljakka homepage. Homepage in English. Paljakka Hiihtokeskus. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  15. ↑ http://ukkohalla.fi/en/ Ukkohalla -Ski and Sport resort. Homepage in English. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  16. ↑ http://www.vuokatti.fi/en</ref Vuokatti. Homepage in English. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  17. ↑ http://www.wildtaiga.fi/en/info/about-us/ Info page. Wild Taiga. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  18. ↑ http://www.oulujarvi.fi/en/frontpage/ Homepage. Oulunjärven Jättiläiset ry. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  19. ↑ http://www.rokua.com/en_rokua_health_spa Info. Rokua Konserni. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  20. ↑ http://www.rokuageopark.fi/en_rokua_geopark_1 Geopark info. Rokua GeoPark. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  21. ↑ http://www.kajaani.fi/kaukametsa/ Info. Town of Kajaani. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 http://www.kajaani.fi/kainuunmuseo Info. Town of Kajaani
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 http://www.kajaani.fi/taidemuseo/ Info. Town of Kajaani. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  24. ↑ http://www.runoviikko.fi/</ Homepage. Kajaani Runo Viikko. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  25. ↑ http://www.kajaanidance.fi/tapahtuma Homepage. Kajaani Dance. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  26. ↑ http://show.dunadandie.net/tammi15/index.html Homepage. Kajaani International Dog Show
  27. ↑ http://suopotkupallo.fi/in-english/ Info. Ukkohalla. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  28. ↑ http://ukkohalla.fi/tapahtuma/swamp-rock/ Info. Ukkohalla. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  29. ↑ http://suomussalmirock.suntuubi.com/ Homepage. Suomussalmi Rock. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  30. ↑ http://www.puolankainfo.fi/lankafest/ Homepage. Puolanka-Info. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  31. ↑ http://www.rastiviikko.com/en/ Homepage. Kainuu Orienteering Week. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  32. ↑ http://www.haastaitsesikunnolla.fi/lost+in+kajaani+in+english/event+info/ Homepage. Lost in Kajaani. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  33. ↑ http://www.kainuunmusiikkijuhlat.fi/ Homepage. Loud'n Live Promotions. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  34. ↑ http://www.sommelo.net/en/ Homepage. Pro Sommelo Ry. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  35. ↑ http://www.raatteenportti.fi/inenglish/9 Homepage. Raate Travels-Oy. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  36. ↑ http://www.talvisotakuhmossa.fi/index_eng.asp?pid=78 Info. City of Kuhmo. Refrenced on the 01.07.2016
  37. ↑ http://www.discoveringfinland.com/travel/regions-cities/eastern-finland/kuhmo/ Info. Discovering Finland Guide Oy. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  38. ↑ http://asiakaspalvelu.kainuunsanomat.fi/asiakaspalvelu/levikkialue Circulation statistics. Kainuun Sanomat. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  39. ↑ http://www.koti-kajaani.fi/jakelulevikki/
  40. ↑ http://www.kainuunsanomat.fi/kuhmolainen/ Homepage. Kuhmolainen. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  41. ↑ http://matkailu.puolanka-lehti.fi/index.php?page=ajank&mode=uutta Info. Puolanka-lehti. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  42. ↑ http://www.kainuunsanomat.fi/sotkamo-lehti/ Homepage. Sotkamo-lehti. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  43. ↑ http://www.kainuunsanomat.fi/yla-kainuu/ Homepage. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  44. ↑ http://www.paltamonkirjapaino.fi/vayla. Homepage. Väylä. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  45. ↑ http://www.radiokajaus.fi/ohjelma/ Program list. Radio Kajaus. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  46. ↑ http://yle.fi/uutiset/yle_kajaanin_toimitus/5767529 Info. Kainuun Radio. Referenced on the 01.07.2016
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Tasks of the Regional Assembly of Kainuu Tasks of the Regional Assembly of Kainuu. Reginal Council of Kainuu. Referenced on 04.01.2016
  48. ↑ Regional Councils office staff Contact Information. Regional Council of Kainuu. Referenced on 04.01.2016
  49. ↑ Members of the Regional Council Contact Information. Regional Council of Kainuu. Referenced on 04.01.2016
  50. ↑ Regional Board of Kainuu Contact Information. Regional Council of Kainuu. Referenced on 04.01.2016

External links

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