Kaliman I of Bulgaria

Kaliman Asen I
Еmperor of Bulgaria
Reign	1241–1246
Predecessor	Ivan Asen II
Successor	Michael Asen I
Born	about 1234 Tarnovo
Died	1246 Tarnovo
House	Asen dynasty
Father	Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
Mother	Anna Maria of Hungary

Kaliman Asen I (Bulgarian: Калиман Асен I, or commonly but less accurately Коломан Асен I, Koloman Asen I), reigned as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1241 to 1246. Kaliman Asen I was the son of Ivan Asen II and Anna Maria of Hungary. His maternal grandparents were Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.

Second Bulgarian Empire (1241-1256)

Kaliman Asen I was named after his maternal uncle, Coloman of Hungary. His reign was characterized by the gradual weakening of the Bulgarian state. The seven-year-old emperor was obviously not able to rule by himself and the country was governed by a regency and there are indications that local authorities took advantage of the youth of the ruler to abuse their power in the provinces, for example at Melnik.

Early in the reign Bulgaria was invaded by the Mongols of the Golden Horde under Batu Khan. They were bought off by an annual tribute. Bulgaria's influence over neighboring Thessalonica and Serbia also came to an end, although the boundaries of the enlarged state remained the same until Kaliman Asen I's premature death. In 1245 Pope Innocent IV addressed him a letter seeking to bring the Bulgarian Church into a church union with the Roman Catholic Church.

Kaliman Asen I's death in August/September 1246 was attributed by the Byzantine chronicler George Acropolites to either natural causes or poisoning. He was succeeded by his younger half-brother Michael Asen I (often inaccurately called Michael II Asen).

Ancestors

Family of Kaliman I of Bulgaria

4. Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria                             2. Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria                                   20. Zavida               10. Stefan Nemanja                       5. Elena-Evgenia                             11. Anastasia of Serbia                       1. Kaliman I of Bulgaria                                         24. Géza II of Hungary               12. Béla III of Hungary                       25. Euphrosyne of Kiev               6. Andrew II of Hungary                             26. Raynald of Châtillon               13. Agnes of Antioch                       27. Constance of Antioch               3. Anna Maria of Hungary                                   28. Berthold I of Istria               14. Berthold, Duke of Merania                       29. Hedwig of Wittelsbach               7. Gertrude of Merania                             30. Dedi III, Margrave of Lusatia               15. Agnes of Rochlitz                       31. Matilda of Heinsberg

References

• John V.A. Fine, Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, Ann Arbor, 1987.

External links

• Detailed list of Bulgarian rulers

Preceded by Ivan Asen II

Emperor of Bulgaria 1241–1246

Succeeded by Michael Asen I