Kalinga (province)

Kalinga
Province
{{#property:P158}} Seal
{{#property:P242}} Location in the Philippines
Coordinates:
Country	[[{{#property:P17}}]]
Region	[[{{#property:P131}}]] (CAR)
Founded	February 14, 1995
Capital	Tabuk
Government
• Type	Province of the Philippines
• Governor	Jocel Baac (Liberal Party) (Sr. Felisa Pedro)
• Congressman	Manuel S. Agyao (Liberal Party)
• Vice Governor	Allen Jesse C. Mangaoang (Nacionalista Party)
Area
• Total	3,231.25 km2 (1,247.59 sq mi)
Area rank	44th out of 81
Elevation	2,329 m (7,641 ft)
Population ()
• Total	{{#property:P1,082}}
• Rank	70th out of 81
• Density rank	78th out of 81
Divisions
• Independent cities	0
• Component cities	1
• Municipalities	7
• Barangays	152
• Districts	Lone district of Kalinga
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code	3800 to 3808
Dialing code	{{#property:P473}}
ISO 3166 code	{{#property:P300}}
Spoken languages	Kalinga, Ilocano, Tagalog, English

Kalinga (Ilocano: Probinsya ti Kalinga and Filipino: Lalawigan ng Kalinga), Tagalog pronunciation: [kɐˈliŋɐ]) is a landlocked province in the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region of Luzon.

Its capital is Tabuk and borders Mountain Province to the south, Abra to the west, Isabela to the east, Cagayan to the northeast, and Apayao to the north.

Kalinga and Apayao are the result of the 1995 partitioning of the former province of Kalinga-Apayao; which was seen as a way to better service the respective needs of the various indigenous peoples in the area.

Geography

The mountains of Kalinga in Lubuagan

The topography of Kalinga province is rugged and sloping, with mountain peaks ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 metres (4,900 to 8,200 ft) in elevation. The province’s western side is characterised by sharp, crested, interlinking peaks of steep slopes, isolated flatlands, plateaus and valleys. The eastern lands are mainly of rolling and gradually sloping foothills.

Large swaths of the province's lowlands are open grassland suitable for pasture, while the highlands have extensive areas of tropical rainforest. In higher elevations to the west, particularly in the mountains of Balbalan, lie some of the most intact pine forests of Luzon island. Rizal and Tabuk with their flatlands are the biggest rice producers. Next in rice production are the mountainous area, and of note are the rice terraces of Balbalan, Lubuagan, Pasil, Pinukpuk, Tinglayan, and Tanudan.

Climate

The province experiences an average temperature ranging from 17 to 22 °C (63 to 72 °F) with Type 3 weather patterns. The dry season extends from November to April, while the rest of the year is considered the rainy season, the heaviest rains usually occurring from July to October.

Hydrology

The Chico River passing through Tinglayan

The province is drained mainly by the Chico River, with its headwaters in the Mountain Province and emptying into the Cagayan River. The Chico River has several tributaries: Bunog River in Tinglayan in the south; the Tanudan and Biga Rivers in the east; Pasil River in the central area; and Poswoy, Dao-angan, Mabaca and Saltan Rivers in the west.

Several small lakes can also be found in Kalinga.

Administrative divisions

Kalinga is subdivided into one city and seven municipalities, all of which belong to a lone legislative district. Tabuk was proclaimed a component city in 2007, but in November 2008 the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that its cityhood was unconstitutional. However, Tabuk had its city status reinstated by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2009.

City or municipality Area (km²) Population (2010) Density (per km²) No. of barangays ZIP code Income class (DOF) Coordinates Balbalan 542.69 12,082 22.3 14 3801 3rd Lubuagan 234.2 9,369 40 9 3802 4th Pasil 189 9,626 50.9 14 3803 5th Pinukpuk 743.56 29,596 39.8 23 3806 1st Rizal (Liwan) 231 15,942 69 14 3808 4th Tabuk † 700.25 103,912 148.4 42 3800 5th Tanudan 307.55 8,529 27.7 16 3805 4th Tinglayan 283 12,557 44.4 20 3804 4th  †  Provincial capital and component city      Municipality Coordinates mark the city/town center vicinity, and are sorted according to latitude. Income classifications for cities are italicized. Italicized names indicate former names.

Political map of Kalinga

Barangays

The 7 municipalities and 1 city of the province comprise a total of 152 barangays, with Bulanao in Tabuk City as the most populous in 2010, and Anggacan Sur in Tanudan as the least. If cities are excluded, Pinukpuk Junction in Pinukpuk municipality has the highest population.

Further information: List of barangays in Kalinga

Demographics

Population census of Kalinga
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1990	137,055	—
1995	154,145	+2.23%
2000	174,023	+2.63%
2007	182,326	+0.64%
2010	201,613	+3.73%
Source: National Statistics Office

Based on the 2000 census survey, 64.4% of the population are Kalinga and Ilocanos are 24% of the province population. Other ethnic groups living in the province are the Kankana-ey 2.5%, Ibontoc 1.6%, Tagalog 1.3% and Applai 1%.

The primary language spoken is Kalinga, including its dialects of Balangao, Butbut, Limos, Lower Tanudan, Lubuagan, Mabaka, Madukayang, Southern Kalingan, and Upper Tanudan. Gaddang, as well as Ilocano, Tagalog, and English are also spoken in the area as lingua francas with varying degrees of proficiency.

Culture

A student from Tinglayan, vested in traditional garb and holding a handcrafted weapon first produced during the Second World War; traditional Kalinga cloth is draped over Orthodox icons in the manner of Russian nabozhnyks.

There are many sub-tribes in the province. The strong sense of tribal membership and filial loyalty results in frequent tribal unrest and occasional outright war. Due to the mountainous terrain and warrior-culture of the people, the Kalinga were able to preserve their culture despite centuries of occupation in the lowlands by the Spaniards, Americans, and the Japanese. Unbeknownst to many, the last stand of President Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901 took place in Lubuagan, which he proclaimed the seat of government, and where the Aguinaldo Museum commemorates the event.

The Kalinga people are highlanders and the most extensive rice farmers of the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice farming. Like the Ifugao, the Kalinga are prolific terrace builders. The Kalinga are also skilled craftsmen, well-versed in basketry, loom weaving, metalsmithing, and pottery, the last centred in the lower Chico River Valley.

Gallery

• 

  Mount Binuluan, a fumarolic volcano in Lubuagan

• 

  Northern Luzon highland axe has been closely identified, although not exclusively, with the Kalinga area.

External links

• Geographic data related to Kalinga (province) at OpenStreetMap

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