Kibi no Makibi
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Kibi no Asomi Makibi (吉備 真備?, 695 – November 3, 775) was a Japanese scholar and noble during the Nara period.[1] Also known as Kibi Daijin ("Minister Kibi").
Early life
Kibi no Makibi was born in Shimotsumichi County, Bitchu Province (present-day Kurashiki, Okayama Prefecture) as Shimotsumichi-no Asomi Makibi, as a son of Shimotsumichi-no Asomi Kunikatsu. Shimotsumichi clan was a line of local elites and came from the greater Kibi clan. Kibi was also the ancient name of area he came from, which encompassed Bicchu, Bizen, Bingo and Mimasaka Provinces.
Career
In 717-718, Kibi was part of the Japanese mission to Tang China (Kentōshi) along with Abe no Nakamaro.[2] and Genbō[3] Kibi stayed in China for 17 years before returning to Japan.[4] He is credited with bringing back a number of things, introducing to Japan for the first time the game of go and the art of embroidery.[1]
In 737, he received promotion to the junior fifth rank. His influence at court triggered the Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion of 740. In 751, at the senior fourth rank (upper grade), he received an appointment as vice-ambassador to the T'ang Dynasty and traveled to China the following year, returning to Japan in 753.
Kibi spent some years in Kyūshū as the assistant administrator of Dazaifu (the principal governmental post on that island), he returned to Nara.
In 764, he was made head of the project to construct Tōdai-ji.[1] Promotion to the junior third rank followed.
He was appointed to head an army to put down the uprising by Fujiwara no Nakamaro. Reaching the second rank in 765, he took the offices of Major Councillor, then Minister of the Right. In 770, he supported a losing candidate for the throne and submitted his resignation from office, but the court accepted only his resignation from military office, and retained him as Minister of the Right. He finally resigned in 771, devoting himself to the study of Confucian principles and their applications in Japanese administration.[1] Kibi died in 775.
Kibi has sometimes been credited with inventing the katakana phonetic syllabary and writing system.[1]
A late 12th century narrative handscroll in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston depicting Kibi's journey to China is one of the earliest of all Japanese narrative pictorial handscrolls (e-maki) known to be extant. It is believed to have been commissioned to help support the prestige of a school of divination which claimed connections to Kibi. Its purchase by the museum in 1932 directly led to the strengthening of Japanese laws against the removal of cultural properties of particular importance from the country.[5]
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kibi no Makibi" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 512.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Abe no Nakamaro" at p. 3.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Genbō" at p. 235.
- ↑ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbō seventeen years later."
- ↑ Morse, Anne Nishimura et al. MFA Highlights: Arts of Japan. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts Publications, 2008. p194.
References
- Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
- Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan (1995). Tokyo: Kodansha Ltd.
