Kim Hyong-gwon
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Kim Hyong-gwon | |
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File:Kim Hyong Gwon prison portrait.jpg
Kim Hyong-gwon in prison with a name tag
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Born | Nam Ri, Kopyong Sub-county, Taedong County, South Pyongan Province, Korea (present day Mangyongdae-guyok, Pyongyang, North Korea)[1] |
4 November 1905
Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. (in captivity) Seodaemun Prison, Seoul, Korea[2] |
Nationality | Korean |
Occupation | Guerrilla |
Organization | Young Communist League of Korea[1] |
Korean name | |
Chosŏn'gŭl | 김형권 |
Hancha | 金亨權 |
McCune–Reischauer | Kim Hyŏnggwŏn[3] |
Kim Hyong-gwon (Hangul: 김형권; 4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936) was a Korean revolutionary. He is known for attacking a Japanese police station in Japanese-occupied Korea and subsequently dying in Seoul's Seodaemun Prison where he was serving his sentence.
Kim Hyong-gwon was an uncle of North Korean leader Kim Il-sung.[1] As such, he is among the most celebrated Kim family members in North Korean propaganda. Kimhyonggwon County in North Korea is named after him.
Personal life
In his youth, Kim Hyong-gwon studied in Sunhwa school near his home in present-day Mangyongdae, Pyongyang.[4]
Kim was a revolutionary fighter and an active communist in the 1930s. His personality has been described as "hot-tempered".[5] In August 1930, he led a small detachment of guerrillas across the Amnok (Yalu) river to Japanese-occupied Korea from Manchuria.[1] His small group's actions near Pungsan at that time got noticed by the Japanese press.[6] He captured two Japanese police cars, and both of these acts occurred in mountainous terrain.[7][8] Some time after attacking a Japanese police station in Pungsan, he was arrested near Hongwon.[7] He was sentenced to 15 years in prison when he was 28 years old. He died on 12 January 1936, during his sentence in Seoul's Seodaemun Prison,[9][10][11] where anti-Japanese dissidents were detained from 1910 to 1945 in cruel conditions.[12]
Kim Il-sung remarks in his autobiography With the Century, that it was a corrupt yet close Manchurian local official, Chae Jin Yong, who betrayed his uncle and became an informer against him.[10]
Legacy
Kim Hyong-gwon is among the most important Kim family members in propaganda, and comparable in that context to other prominent family members like Kim Il-sung's father Kim Hyong-jik, or great grandfather Kim Ung-u, who is claimed to have been involved in the General Sherman incident.[3][13] North Korean propaganda insists that most family members were in some way participating in the foundation of the North Korean state and among them Kim Hyong-gwon is portrayed as having been sacrificed for anti-Japanese struggle and the revolution.[3]
Kim Hyong-gwon was included into the personality cult in 1976.[14] North Korean media uses similar honorifics for him as they use with Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un and Kim Jong-suk.[15]
Kimhyonggwon County, previously known as Pungsan, in southeastern Ryanggang Province, was renamed after him in August 1990.[16] There is also a Kim Hyong Gwon Teachers' College named after him, and Hamnam University of Education Nr. 1 was renamed Kim Hyong Gwon University of Education in 1990. Both of them are in Sinpo.[17] Various sites of honor and statues have been made in Kim's memory. Once every five years, a ceremony is held on the days of his death and birth.[3]
A North Korean film A Fire Burning All Over the World was made in 1977, and it deals with both Kang Pan-sok and Kim Hyong-gwon's revolutionary deeds. The film was also the first one to portray Il-sung.[3]
See also
- North Korea's cult of personality
- Gwangju Student Independence Movement
- June 10th Movement
- March 1st Movement
- Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [5].
- ↑ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [29].
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [7].
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [14].
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [12].
- ↑ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, pp. [18–19].
- ↑ An Indomitable Revolutionary Fighter — Comrade Kim Hyong Gwon 1976, p. [5], [29].
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. North Korean media uses similar honorifics for him as they use with Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, Kim Jong-un and Kim Jong-suk.
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Sources
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Further reading
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Select[lower-greek 1] family tree of North Korea's ruling[lower-greek 2] Kim family[lower-greek 3][lower-greek 4] |
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Notes:
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- Use dmy dates from June 2015
- Use American English from June 2015
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- 1905 births
- 1936 deaths
- Korean independence activists
- Korean communists
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- Korean revolutionaries
- Korean people who died in prison custody
- Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
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- Kim dynasty (North Korea)