Kir (cocktail)

Kir

IBA Official Cocktail
Type	Wine cocktail
Primary alcohol by volume	Wine
Standard drinkware	Wine glass (white)
IBA specified ingredients*	9 cl (9 parts) white wine 1 cl (1 part) crème de cassis
Preparation	*Add the crème de cassis to the bottom of the glass, then top up with wine.
Notes	A recipe can be found at the International Bartenders Association website.
* Kir recipe at International Bartenders Association

Kir is a popular French cocktail made with a measure of crème de cassis (blackcurrant liqueur) topped up with white wine.

In France it is usually drunk as an apéritif before a meal or snack. Originally the wine used was Bourgogne Aligoté, a lesser white wine of Burgundy. Nowadays, various white wines are used throughout France, according to the region and the whim of the barkeeper. Many prefer a white Chardonnay-based Burgundy, such as Chablis.

Originally called blanc-cassis, the drink is now named after Félix Kir (1876–1968), mayor of Dijon in Burgundy, who as a pioneer of the twinning movement in the aftermath of the Second World War popularized the drink by offering it at receptions to visiting delegations. Besides treating his international guests well, he was also promoting two economic products of the region. Kir initially allowed one of Dijon's producers of crème de cassis to use his name, but subsequently extended the right to their competitors as well. According to Rolland (2004), the reinvention of blanc-cassis (post 1945) was necessitated by the German Army's confiscation of all the local red Burgundy during the war. Faced with an excess of white wine, Kir renovated a drink that previously was made primarily with the red.

Another explanation that has been offered is that Mayor Kir revived it during a year in which the ordinary white wine of the region was inferior and the creme de cassis helped to disguise the fact.

Following the commercial development of crème de cassis in 1841, the cocktail became a popular regional café drink, but has since become inextricably linked internationally with the name of Mayor Kir. When ordering a kir, waiters in France sometimes ask whether you want it made with crème de cassis (blackcurrant), de mûre (blackberry) or de pêche (peach).

The International Bartenders Association gives a recipe using 1/10 crème de cassis, but French sources typically specify more; 19th century recipes for blanc-cassis recommended 1/3 crème de cassis, which modern tastes find cloyingly sweet, and modern sources typically about 1/5. Replacing the crème de cassis with blackcurrant syrup is discouraged.

Variations

Besides the basic Kir, a number of variations exist:

• Cidre Royal - made with cider instead of wine, with a measure of calvados added
• Communard/Cardinal - made with red wine instead of white
• Hibiscus Royal - made with sparkling wine, peach liqueur, raspberry liqueur, and an edible hibiscus flower
• Kir Berrichon - from the Berry region of France. Made with red wine and blackberry liqueur (Crème de mûres)
• Kir Breton - made with Breton cider instead of wine.
• Kir Impérial - made with raspberry liqueur (such as Chambord) instead of cassis, and champagne
• Kir Normand - made with Normandy cider instead of wine.
• Kir Pamplemousse - made with red grapefruit liqueur and sparkling white wine
• Kir Pêche - made with peach liqueur
• Kir Pétillant - made with sparkling wine
• Kir Royal - made with Champagne
• Pink Russian - made with milk instead of wine
• Tarantino - made with lager or light ale ("kir-beer")