Kota, Rajasthan

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Kota City
Metropolitan City
Jagmandir palace
Jagmandir palace
Nickname(s): Education city of India, Industrial city of Rajasthan
Kota City is located in Rajasthan
Kota City
Kota City
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country India India
State Rajasthan
District Kota
Division Kota Division ( Hadoti Region )
Government
 • Type Democratic
 • Body Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Mahesh Vijay (BJP)
 • Member of Parliament Kota-Bundi Om Birla (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kota South Sandeep Sharma (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kota North Prahlad Gunjal (BJP)
Area
 • Total 318 km2 (123 sq mi)
Elevation 271 m (889 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 1,001,365
 • Rank 46th
 • Density 3,100/km2 (8,200/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Hindi
 • Native English, Hadoti, Hindi
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 324001 to 324011 and 324022
Telephone code 0744
Vehicle registration RJ 20
Sex ratio 890 /
Website kota.rajasthan.gov.in

Kota (Listeni/ˈktə/) formerly known as Kotah, is a city located in the southeast of northern Indian state of Rajasthan.[2] It is located Around 250 kilometres (155 mi) south of the state capital, Jaipur. Situated on the banks of Chambal River, it is the third most populous city of Rajasthan afterJaipur and Jodhpur and 46th most populous city of India. It serves as the administrative headquarters for Kota district and Kota Division. Kota has a number of engineering and medical coaching institutes.

The city is the trade centre for an area in which millet, wheat, rice, pulses, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairy, manufacture of metal handcrafts, fertilizers, chemicals and engineering equipment.

The town of Kota was once the part of the erstwhile Rajput kingdom of Bundi. It became a separate princely state in the 17th century. Apart from the several monuments that reflect the glory of the town, Kota is also known for its palaces and gardens.

Mahesh Vijay of Bhartiya Janta Party is the current Mayor of Kota.

Geography

Kota is located along the banks of the Chambal River in the southern part of Rajasthan. It is the 3rd largest city of Rajasthan after Jaipur and Jodhpur. The cartographic coordinates are Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..[3] It covers an area of 318 km2. [4] It has an average elevation of 271 metres (889 ft). The district is bound on the north and north west by Sawai Madhopur, Tonk and Bundi districts. The Chambal River separates these districts from Kota district, forming the natural boundary.

The city of Kota is situated at a center of the southeastern region of Rajasthan a region very widely known as Hadoti, the land of the Hadas. Kota lies along the banks of the Chambal river on a high sloping tableland forming a part of the Malwa Plateau. The Mokandarra hills run from southeast to northwest axis of the town. The historical places and temples are getting surrounded by signs of modern development.

It has fertile land and greenery with irrigation facilities through canals. Kota is one of the industrial hubs in northern India, with chemical, engineering and power plants based there. The rail junction, a road hub, lies 4.8 km (4 mi) to the north.

Climate

Kota
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
10
 
 
25
10
 
 
20
 
 
27
12
 
 
10
 
 
33
18
 
 
10
 
 
38
24
 
 
20
 
 
42
29
 
 
50
 
 
40
29
 
 
250
 
 
34
26
 
 
240
 
 
32
25
 
 
110
 
 
33
24
 
 
20
 
 
35
21
 
 
10
 
 
30
15
 
 
10
 
 
26
11
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Kota weather

Kota has a semi arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with high temperatures throughout the year. Summers are long, hot and dry, starting in late March and lasting till the end of June. The monsoon season follows with comparatively lower temperatures, but higher humidity and frequent, torrential downpours. The monsoons subside in October and temperatures rise again. The brief, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until the last week of February. Temperatures hover between 26.7 °C (max) to 12 °C (min). This can be considered the best time to visit Kota because of intense heat in the summer.

The average annual rainfall in the Kota district is 660.6 mm.[4] Most of the rainfall can be attributed to the southwest monsoon which has its beginning around the last week of June and may last till mid-September. Pre-monsoon showers begin towards the middle of June with post-monsoon rains occasionally occurring in October. The winter is largely dry, although some rainfall does occur as a result of the Western Disturbance passing over the region.

Climate data for Kota
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.4
(86.7)
36.8
(98.2)
41.5
(106.7)
44.2
(111.6)
46.1
(115)
46.1
(115)
42.0
(107.6)
37.8
(100)
39.6
(103.3)
38.8
(101.8)
36.4
(97.5)
31.5
(88.7)
46.1
(115)
Average high °C (°F) 25
(77)
27
(81)
33
(91)
38
(100)
42
(108)
40
(104)
34
(93)
32
(90)
33
(91)
35
(95)
30
(86)
26
(79)
32.9
(91.3)
Average low °C (°F) 10
(50)
12
(54)
18
(64)
24
(75)
29
(84)
29
(84)
26
(79)
25
(77)
24
(75)
21
(70)
15
(59)
11
(52)
20.3
(68.6)
Record low °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9)
4.3
(39.7)
8.4
(47.1)
13.8
(56.8)
19.8
(67.6)
20.8
(69.4)
20.5
(68.9)
21.4
(70.5)
16.8
(62.2)
14.2
(57.6)
15.6
(60.1)
12.0
(53.6)
4.3
(39.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10
(0.39)
20
(0.79)
0
(0)
0
(0)
20
(0.79)
50
(1.97)
250
(9.84)
240
(9.45)
110
(4.33)
20
(0.79)
0
(0)
10
(0.39)
730
(28.74)
Average rainy days 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 2.1 6.9 13.1 15.2 5.6 1.6 1.2 0.5 49.1
Average relative humidity (%) 48 38 25 19 23 43 67 74 58 40 41 48 43.7
Source: Kota weather, NOAA (1971-1990)[5]

History

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Procession of Raja Ram Singh II of Kota Later Mughal Period, c. 1850

The history of the city dates back to the 12th century AD when the Hada clan, a Chauhan Rajput chieftain, Rao Deva, conquered the territory and founded Bundi and Hadoti. Later, in the early 17th century, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, the ruler of Bundi - Rao Ratan Singh, gave the smaller principality of Kota to his son, Madho Singh. Since then Kota became a hallmark of the Rajput gallantry and culture.

The independent state of Kota became a reality in 1631 when Rao Madho Singhal, the second son of Rao Ratan of Bundi was made the ruler, by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Soon Kota outgrew its parent state to become bigger in area, richer in revenue and more powerful. Maharao Bhim Singh played a pivotal role in Kota's history, having held a 'Mansab'[6] of five thousand and being the first in his dynasty to have the title of Maharao. During the colonial period, firebrand social activist Guru Radha Kishan organised the masses against the policies of the government. He left Kota after local administration came to know about the arrest warrant issued against him for his participation in Indian Independence activities.

Princely city of Kota

Princely city: Kota (कोटा)
Region Hadoti
19th-century flag 50px
Independence from: Bundi State
State existed: 1579-1949
Dynasties Rajput Chauhan Hada
Capital Kota

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Kota city became independent in 1579, after Bundi state in Hadoti region had become weak. Then, Kota ruled the territory which now is Kota district and Baran district.

Demographics

As of 2011, Kota City had a population of 1,001,365, of which male and female are 529,795 and 471,570 respectively. Although Kota city has population of 1,001,365; its urban Agglomeration is city only and does not qualify under the definition for a metropolitan city as defined by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.[7][8] The sex ratio was 906 and 12.74% were under six years of age. The effective literacy rate was 83.65%, with male literacy at 90.56% and female literacy at 75.90%. It is 26th largest District in Rajasthan.

Demographic Distribution of religion in Kota, Rajasthan [9]
Religion Percent(%)
Hinduism
  
80.5%
Islam
  
15.87%
Jainism
  
2.17%
Sikhism
  
0.86%
Christianity
  
0.42%
Others
  
0.20%

Government institutions and courts

Governmental institutions in Kota include:

  • Municipal Corporation
  • Collectorate
  • Office of the Divisional Commissioner
  • Rajasthan Housing Board
  • Command Area Development (CAD)
  • Urban Improvement Trust (UIT)
  • Office of the Superintendent of Police, Inspector General of Police and the Income Tax commissioner of Kota range.
  • Office of the Divisional Railway Manager, Kota Division, West Central Railway
  • Office of Deputy Commissioner of central excise and service tax

Instrumentation Ltd is a Public Sector company based in Kota. Its clientele includes public sector entities such as the Indian Railways, BSNL and VSNL.

The District court provides court and notary services.

Health services

Healthcare is provided by a combination of public and private-sector hospitals.

The main hospitals include:

  • Acharya Children Hospital, Jawahar Nagar
  • MBS Hospital, Civil Lines
  • J K Lon Hospital, Nayapura
  • Global Modi Hospital, Swami Vivekanand Nagar
  • Medical college Hospital, R.K. Puram
  • Maitri Hospital, Talwandi
  • Sudha Hospital, Talwandi
  • Sudha Heart Institute. Talwandi, Kota
  • Cancer Hospital, Dadabari
  • Kota Heart institute, Talwandi
  • PMC American Hospital, Indra Vihar
  • Bharat Vikas Parishad Hospital, Pratap Nagar
  • E.S.I. Hospital, Vigyan Nagar
  • Ratna Nursing Home, Nayapura
  • M.J.Hospital, Vasant Vihar
  • Jaiswal hospital & Neuro institute, Vigyan Nagar

There are 16 other hospitals within the city limit.

Economy

The city is the trade center for an area in which cotton, millet, wheat, coriander and oilseeds are grown; industries include cotton and oilseed milling, textile weaving, distilling, dairying, and the manufacture of metal handcrafts. Kota also has an extensive industry of stone-polishing of a stone called Kota Stone, used for the floor and walls of residential and business buildings.

Kota doria and saris

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Kota is known for the fine translucent muslins called Masuria Malmal. Originally, such saris were called Masuria because they were woven in Mysore. The weavers were subsequently brought to Kota by Rao Kishore Singh who was a general in the Mughal army. The weavers were brought to Kota in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and the saris came to be known as 'Kota-Masuria'. Kota saris are popularly known as 'Masuria' in Kota and Kotadoria outside the state. 'Doria' means thread.

Weaving in Kota was started by Maharana Bhimdeo in the 18th century.[10] Maharaja Bhim Singh of Kota brought some weavers from the Deccan in the early 18th Century and the craft blossomed under the royal patronage. The warp and weft use a combination of threads creating a fine chequered pattern (Khat) where the cotton portion provides firmness while the silk lends a gossamer finish to the fabric.

The Kota saris like most traditional piece of work had started becoming lost before Vidhi Singhania moved to Kota and started working with the workers to revive its market. Once again Kota saris and weaves are found around the country and have become one of the most beautiful and elegant saris worn by humble housewives to actresses.

Kota stone

Storage area of Kota Stone

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The fine-grained variety of limestone quarried from Kota district is known as Kota stone, with rich greenish-blue and brown colours. Kota stone are tough, non water-absorbent, non-slip, and non-porous. The varieties include Kota Blue Natural, Kota Blue Honed, Kota Blue Polished, Kota Blue Cobbles, Kota Brown Natural and Kota Brown Polished. The industry of polishing of this Kota stone is aLeo a significant contributor to the city's economy.

Power Plants

Kota is surrounded by five power stations within its 50 km radius.

Education

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In the past decade the city has emerged as a popular coaching destination for competitive exams preparation and for profit educational services. The education sector of Kota has become a major contributor to the city's economy. Kota is popularly referred to as "the coaching capital of India". Over 1.5 lakh students from all over the country flock every year towards the city for preparation of various exams such as IIT, JEE, AIPMT and AIIMS etc.[11] [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Major Coaching Institutions in Kota

Major Universities And College

Transport

Kota is well connected with road and rail to all major cities within Rajasthan as well as those located outside the state. It is also connected by air, although only chartered flights are available.

Roadways

The district is well connected with neighbouring districts and with major cities outside the state. National highway No.12 (JaipurJabalpur) and National Highway No.76 passes through the district. National Highway No.76 is a part of East-West Corridor. The total road length in the district is 2,052 km. as of March 2011.

There are three bus stations in Kota:

  • Rajasthan roadways bus stand in Ramchandrapura Kota (since September 2013).
  • Inter-state bus terminal at DCM road.
  • Rawatbhata Bus Stand at Ghode Wale Baba Crossing.

Daily buses carry passengers inter-state as well as within the city. Auto-rikshaws and tempos are also popular means of public transport within the city.

Railways

Entrance of Kota Railway station

Kota is well connected to all the major cities of India. Kota Junction is one of the divisions in West Central Railway. It is an important station on the Delhi-Mumbai main line. There are four railway stations within Kota and in its vicinity. Another suburban station of South Kota city is Dakaniya Talav Railway station which has a stoppage of Avadh Express, Dehradun Express and Ranthambore Express.

Kota Junction

The city is a halt for over 150 trains, including Jaipur - Indore SuperFast, Udaipur SuperFast (Delhi - Udaipur City Express), Dayodaya Express (Jaipur - Jabalpur Express / Ajmer - Jabalpur Express), Jodhpur - Indore Intercity, Hazrat Nizamuddin - Indore Express, Garbha Express, Marusagar Express (Ajmer - Ernakulam Express / Ernakulam Express), Jaipur - Mysore Express, Jaipur - Chennai Express, Jaipur - Coimbatore Express, Jodhpur - Puri Express, Jodhpur - Bhopal Express and Mumbai Rajdhani Express.

The DelhiMumbai railway line passes through the Kota junction. The district has 148.83 km of railway line in the Kota — Ruthia section, 98.72 km on NagdaMathura (Mumbai-Delhi) section and 24.26 km on Kota —Chittorgarh section.

A broad-gauge railway facility between Kota and Jodhpur via Jaipur exists.

Kota is also an originating point for many trains like Kota - Damoh Passenger (Kota - Katni Passenger) connecting Kota to Damoh in Madhya Pradesh. The Kota - Indore Intercity Express connects to another major city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore Junction. There is also a Jan Shatabdi Express train, from Kota to national capital Delhi. The other includes, Kota - Vadodara Passenger, Kota - Shree Ganganagar Express, Kota - Ajmer, Kota - Jabalpur & Kota - Bina Passenger. Patna – Kota Express connects Kota and Patna cities via Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi.

Airports

Kota Airport has had no scheduled services operating since 1999.[20]

References

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  3. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kota
  4. 4.0 4.1 Statistics by Govt. of Rajasthan
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  7. [1] census India 2011
  8. Kota City Census report census 2011
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External links

Further reading

  • Tod James Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan: Or, The Central and Western Rajpoot States of India Published 2001 Asian Educational Services ISBN 81-206-1289-2 pp. 407–690