LGBT rights in Washington (state)

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LGBT rights in Washington
Washington (US)
Same-sex sexual activity legal? Legal since 1976
(Legislative repeal)
Gender identity/expression Yes
Discrimination protections sexual orientation and gender identity or expression (see below)
Family rights
Recognition of
relationships		 Same-sex marriage since 2012
Domestic Partnership since 2007
Adoption Yes

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Washington live in one of the more socially liberal U.S. states with wider protections for LGBT people. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Washington and the state recognizes same-sex marriages.

Law regarding same-sex sexual activity

Washington repealed its laws that criminalized consensual sodomy in June 1975.[1]

Recognition of same-sex marriage

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Main articles: Domestic partnership in Washington State and Same-sex marriage in Washington state
A newly married couple leaving Seattle City Hall is greeted by well-wishers on the first day same-sex marriages are celebrated in Washington state.

Since 2001, Washington state has provided benefits to same-sex partners of state employees.[2]

The state adopted a statute defining marriage as the union of a man and a woman in 1998. In the 2006 case Andersen v. King County, the Washington Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of that law.[3] Since 2007 Washington state has recognized its own state-registered domestic partnerships, which are considered equivalent to the domestic partnerships, civil unions, and marriages of same-sex couples in other jurisdictions. It has also recognized same-sex civil unions and domestic partnerships established in other jurisdictions since then.[citation needed]

Since 2011, Washington state has recognized same-sex marriages performed elsewhere as the equivalent of its own domestic partnerships.[4][5]

Governor Chris Gregoire signed Washington's law authorizing same-sex marriages on February 13, 2012, but opponents gathered enough signatures to force a voter referendum on the legislation.[6][7] Voters approved the law in the November election by a margin of 54% to 46%.[8] Same-sex marriages have been recognized by the state since that law took effect on December 6.[9] The law also provided that Washington's registered domestic partnerships convert automatically to marriages on June 30, 2014, if not dissolved before that date.[10]

Adoption

Washington state law permits a legally competent adult to petition to adopt without respect to marital status.[11] Same-sex couples can adopt jointly[12] and can arrange second-parent adoptions as well.[13]

Federal income tax

The Internal Revenue Service ruled in May 2010 that its rules governing communal property income for married couples extend to couples who file taxes in a community property state that recognizes domestic partnerships or same-sex marriages. Couples with registered domestic partnerships in Washington, a community property state, must first combine their annual income and then each must claim half that amount as his or her income for federal tax purposes.[14] However, filing such returns precludes electronic filing,[15][16] and Washington has no state income tax independently justifying a complex filing. In certain circumstances, the IRS allows affected couples to disregard community property rules.[17] Since April 2011, Washington has recognized same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions as equivalent to its domestic partnerships,[5] with the result that community property rules now apply to these couples as well, when residing in Washington.

Discrimination protection

Washington state law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity or expression.[18] The protections were added in 2006 with Washington House Bill 2661. Discrimination based on sexual orientation in public employment was already prohibited since 1991 by an executive order of Governor Booth Gardner.

On March 7, 2014, Mark Zmuda filed a lawsuit in King County Superior Court against Eastside Catholic School and the Archdiocese of Seattle charging illegal termination of his employment as an assistant principal and swimming coach at the school in December 2013 after his same-sex marriage entered into the previous July became known to school officials.[19] The Archdiocese was named as a defendant because it has no direct authority over the school but, according to the complaint, ordered his dismissal.[20]

Hate-crime laws

Washington state law criminalizes "malicious harassment" and violence against individuals because of sexual orientation and gender identity or expression.[21]

Conversion therapy

On February 13, 2014, the state House of Representatives voted 94–4 in favor of a bill that would prohibit health care providers from trying to change the sexual orientation of minors.[22][23] The state Senate, controlled by the Majority Coalition Caucus, took no action on the legislation.[24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ William N. Eskridge, Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003 (NY: Penguin Group, 2008), 201n, available online, accessed April 10, 2011
  2. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures: "States offering benefits for same-sex partners of state employees", accessed April 16, 2011
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Seattle Times: Molly Rosbach, "Washington domestic partnership law gets adjusted," April 5, 2011, accessed April 6, 2011
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Washington State Legislature: 2010-2011 Session Laws of the State of Washington, accessed February 18, 2012, pages 385-386 of an 1118-page PDF
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ New York Times: Tara Siegel Bernard, "Tax Season Gets Trickier for Some Gay Couples," March 29, 2011, accessed April 5, 2011
  15. ↑ USA Today: Sandra Block, "State and federal tax laws conflict for same-sex couples," February 13, 2012, accessed February 18, 2012
  16. ↑ WorldWideWeb Tax "How does living in a community property state effect my tax return?", accessed February 18, 2012
  17. ↑ Internal Revenue Service: Publication 555, Community Property, accessed February 17, 2012, pages 7-8
  18. ↑ Human Rights Campaign: Washington Non-Discrimination Law, accessed April 11, 2011
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Human Rights Campaign: Washington Hate Crimes Law, accessed April 11, 2011
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ HB 2451 - 2013-14 - Restricting the practice of sexual orientation change efforts., Washington State Legislature
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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