Lamiales

Lamiales
File:Galeopsis speciosa (Zellwald).jpg
Galeopsis speciosa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales Bromhead
Families
Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Byblidaceae Calceolariaceae Carlemanniaceae Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Linderniaceae Martyniaceae Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Paulowniaceae Pedaliacae Phrymaceae Plantaginaceae Plocospermataceae Schlegeliaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Thomandersiaceae Verbenaceae

The Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 24,000 species divided into about 20 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

Characteristics

Although exceptions occur, species in this order typically have the following characteristics:

• superior ovary composed of two fused carpels
• four petals fused into a tube
• bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate corollas
• four (or fewer) fertile stamens

Taxonomic history

The Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by Arthur Cronquist) that included the major families Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Verbenaceae, and Boraginaceae, plus a few smaller families. Recent phylogenetic work has shown the Lamiales are polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of the Boraginaceae is unclear, but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales.

Also, the circumscription of family Scrophulariaceae, formerly a paraphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined, and putatively monophyletic families.

External links

• Lamiales
• A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensu lato based on rbcL sequences
• Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae (deals with relationships throughout Lamiales)
• L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com
• http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/acanth.htm 2002-09-06
• http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm 2002-09-06
• http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm 2002-09-06
• http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Relation-Scroph.html
• http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/web.dbs/genlist.html 2002-09-06

Media related to at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Lamiales at Wikispecies