List of Earth flybys

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Earth imaged by MESSENGER during its 2005 flyby

List of Earth flybys is a list of cases where spacecraft incidentally performed Earth flybys, typically for a gravity assist to another body.

Spacecraft Organization Date Type Closest Approach Status Notes Image Ref
Giotto
(first pass)		 Not the esa logo.png ESA 2 July 1990 flyby 22,730 km success first Earth flyby, en route to Comet Grigg-Skjellerup [1]
Galileo
(first pass)		 United States NASA 8 December 1990 flyby 301 km success gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 960 km Galileo Preparations - GPN-2000-000672.jpg [2]
Sakigake
(first pass)		 Japan ISAS 8 January 1992 flyby 88,790 km success previously visited Halley's comet Sakigake.gif [3]
Suisei Japan ISAS 20 August 1992 flyby failure failure previously visited Halley's comet; hydrazine depleted, further planned comet flybys abandoned Suisei.gif [4]
Galileo
(second pass)		 United States NASA 8 December 1992 flyby success gravity assist en route to Jupiter; minimum distance 305 km Galileo Preparations - GPN-2000-000672.jpg [5]
Sakigake
(second and third passes)		 Japan ISAS 14 June 1993 flyby Sakigake.gif [6]
28 October 1994 flyby out of fuel; telemetry contact lost November 1995
NEAR Shoemaker United States NASA 23 January 1998 flyby 540 km success gravity assist en route to Eros NEARCraft.jpg [7]
Nozomi
(first pass)		 Japan ISAS 20 December 1998 flyby 1000 km partial success gravity assist on planned mission to Mars; valve malfunction during flyby required extra burn, which later forced alternate trajectory plan [8]
Giotto
(second pass)		 Not the esa logo.png ESA 1 July 1999 flyby failure n/a already defunct [1]
Cassini United States NASA/
Not the esa logo.png ESA/
Italy ASI		 August, 1999 flyby success gravity assist en route to Saturn Cassini assembly.jpg [9]
Stardust
(first pass)		 United States NASA 15 January 2001 flyby 6000 km success gravity assist en route to comet 81P/Wild Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Nozomi
(second pass)		 Japan ISAS December, 2002 flyby 11,000 km success gravity assist en route to Mars [8]
Nozomi
(third pass)		 Japan ISAS 19 June 2003 flyby 1000 km success gravity assist en route to Mars [8]
Hayabusa Japan ISAS 19 May 2004 flyby 20,000 km success en route to Itokawa Hayabusa(Muses-C) sampling.jpg [11]
Rosetta
(first pass)		 Not the esa logo.png ESA 4 March 2005 flyby 1950 km success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters 50px [12]
MESSENGER United States NASA 2 August 2005 flyby 2348 km success en route to Venus and Mercury Messenger.jpg [13]
Stardust
(second pass)		 United States NASA 15 January 2006 flyby success drop-off of sample return capsule Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Rosetta
(second pass)		 Not the esa logo.png ESA 13 November 2007 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (first pass) United States NASA 31 December 2007[14] flyby 15,567 success previously visited Comet 9P/Tempel; gravity assist en route to encounter with Comet 103P/Hartley Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (second pass) United States NASA December 2008[14][16] flyby 43,450 km success gravity assist Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Stardust
(third pass)		 United States NASA 14 January 2009 flyby 9200 km success[17] mission extension to Comet 9P/Tempel; minimum distance 9200 km Stardust - Concepcao artistica.jpg [10]
Rosetta
(third pass)		 Not the esa logo.png ESA 13 November 2009 flyby success gravity assist en route to asteroid and comet encounters
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (third pass) United States NASA June 2009[14] distant flyby success Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fourth pass) United States NASA December 2009[14][16] distant flyby success Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Deep Impact (redesignated EPOXI) (fifth pass) United States NASA June 2010[14] flyby 36,900 km success Deep Impact.jpg [15]
Juno United States NASA 17–18 October 2013 flyby 563 km en route Gravity assist en route to Jupiter Juno in front of Jupiter.jpg [18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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