List of English words of Old Norse origin
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg or knife. There are hundreds such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.
To be distinguished from loanwords which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such as kenning (1871), [1] and loans from modern Icelandic (such as geyser, 1781). Yet another (rare) class are loans from Old Norse into Old French, which via Anglo-Norman were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example is flâneur, via French from the Old Norse verb flana "to wander aimlessly".
A
- ado
- influenced by Norse "at" ("to", infinitive marker) which was used with English "do" in certain English dialects[2]
- aloft
- á ("=in, on, to") + lopt ("=air, atmosphere, sky, heaven, upper floor, loft")[3]
- English provenance = c 1200 AD
- angr ("=trouble, affliction"); root ang (="strait, straitened, troubled")[4]
- English provenance = c 1250 AD
- agi ("=terror")[5]
- English provenance = c 1205 AD (as aȝe, an early form of the word resulting from the influence of Old Norse on an existing Anglo-Saxon form, eȝe)
- are
- merger of Old English (earun, earon) and Old Norse (er) cognates[6]
- auk
- A type of Arctic seabird.
- awkward
- the first element is from Old Norse ǫfugr ("=turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old English weard[7][clarification needed]
B
- bag
- baggin[8]
- bairn
- barn (="child")[9]
- bait
- beita[10]
- band
- band (="rope")[11]
- bark
- bǫrkr[12]
- bask
- baðask reflex. of baða "bathe" (baðast, baða sig)[13]
- berserk
- berserkr, lit. 'bear-shirt', (alt. berr-serkr, 'bare-shirt') frenzied warriors[14]
- billow
- bylgja[15]
- birth
- byrðr[16]
- bleak
- bleikr (="pale")[17]
- blunder
- blundra (="shut one's eye")[18]
- both
- baðir[19]
- bug
- búkr (="insect within tree trunks")[20]
- bulk
- bulki[21]
- bull
- boli[22]
- bylaw
- bylög ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')[23]
C
- cake
- kaka (="cake")[24]
- call
- kalla (="cry loudly")[25]
- cast
- kasta (="to throw")[26]
- clip
- klippa (="to cut")[27]
- club
- klubba (="cudgel")[28]
- crawl
- krafla (="to claw")[29]
- creek
- kriki ("corner, nook") through ME creke ("narrow inlet in a coastline") altered from kryk perhaps influenced by Anglo-Norman crique itself from a Scandinavian source via Norman-French[30]
- crook
- krokr (="hook-shaped instrument or weapon")[31]
- cur
- kurra (="to growl")[32]
D
E
- egg
- egg (="egg")[36]
- eider
- a type of duck.
- equip
- skipa (="organize, arrange, place in order") through Middle French équiper, from Old French esquiper "fit out a ship, load on board",[37] itself from Norman-French esquipper, eschiper[38]
F
- fellow
- félagi[39]
- flaneur
- flana ("to wander aimlessly") + French suffix -eur through French flâneur, itself from Norman-French flaner, flanner[40][41]
- flat
- flatr[42]
- flit
- flytja (="cause to fit")[43]
- fog
- from Old Norse fok through Danish fog, meaning "spray", "shower", "snowdrift"[44]
- freckle
- freknur (="freckles")[45]
G
- gab
- gabbnna (="to mock") through Northern England dialect or Scottish or Norman-French[46][47]
- gad
- gaddr (="spike, nail")[48][49]
- gap
- gap (="chasm")[50]
- gawk
- from Middle English gawen, from Old Norse ga (="to heed")[51]
- get
- geta, gat (got), gittan (gotten)[52]
- geyser
- from Icelandic geysir, from Old Norse geysa (="to gush")[53]
- gift
- gift (="dowry")[54]
- girth
- gjörð (="circumference, cinch")[55]
- give
- gefa (="to give")[56]
- glitter
- glitra (="to glitter")[57]
- glove
- lofi (="middle of the hand")[58]
- gosling
- gæslingr" (="goose")[59]
- guest
- gestr (="guest")[60]
- gun
- from Old Norse Gunnhildr (female name, both elements of the name, gunn and hildr, have the meaning "war, battle")[61]
- gust
- gustr (="gust")[62]
H
- haggle
- haggen (="to chop")[63]
- hail
- heill (="health, prosperity, good luck")[64]
- hap, happy
- happ (="chance, good luck, fate")[65]
- haunt
- heimta (="to bring back home") through Anglo-Norman haunter (="to reside", "to frequent"), (Old) French hanter from Norman hanter.[66]
- heathen
- heiðinn (="not Christian or Jewish/ the word for an exclusively Christian idea, a person or society prior to Christianity."),[67] more probably from Old English hǣðen, related to Old Saxon hēthin.[68]
- Hell
- May be in part from Old Norse Hel, the daughter of Loki and ruler of the underworld in Norse mythology.[69]
- hit
- hitta (="to find")[70]
- how (or howe)
- haugr (="barrow, small hill") Usage preserved mainly in place names[71]
- husband
- husbondi (="master of the house")[72]
I
J
- jökulhlaup
- from Icelandic jökulhlaup from Old Norse jǫkull and hlaup.
- jolly
- from Old French jolif "gay, joyful, lascivious", French joli, itself from jól "mid-winter feast" + French suffix -if[75]
K
- koopel
- kjölr[76]
- kenning
- a descriptive phrase used in Germanic poetry
- kid
- kið (="young goat")[77]
- kindle
- kynda[78]
- knife
- knifr[79]
- knot
- knutr[80]
L
- lad
- ladd (="young man")[81]
- lathe
- hlaða (="to load")[82]
- law
- *lagu[83]
- leather
- *leðr,[84] more probably from Old English leðer (only in comps.) related to Old Saxon leðar and to Old High German ledar.[85]
- leg
- leggr[86]
- likely
- líkligr[87]
- link
- *hlenkr[88]
- litmus
- litmose (="lichen for dying", lita ="to stain")[89]
- loan
- lán (="to lend")[90]
- loft
- lopt (="an upper room or floor : attic, air, sky")[91]
- loose
- lauss (="loose/free")[92]
- low
- lagr[93]
M
- mire
- myrr (='bog')[94]
- mistake
- mistaka (="miscarry")[95]
- muck
- myki (="cow dung")[96]
- mug
- mugge[97]
- muggy
- mugga (="drizzle, mist")[98]
N
- Norman, Normandy
- from Old Norse through Old French, meaning "northman", due to Viking settlement in Normandy region[99]
O
- Oalaf
- alfr (="elf")[100]
- odd
- oddi (="third number", "the casting vote")[101]
- Odin
- Óðinn[102]
- ombudsman
- from Old Norse umboðsmaðr through Swedish ombudsman, meaning "commissary", "representative", "steward"[103]
- outlaw
- utlagi[104]
P
R
- Ragnarök
- term from Norse mythology, English usage recorded since 1770; composed of words ragna, genitive of "the great powers" (regin), and rǫk "destiny, doom, fate, end".[106]
- race
- rás (="to race", "to run", "to rush", "to move swift")[107]
- raft
- raptr (="log")[108]
- raise
- reisa[109]
- ransack
- rannsaka (="to search the house")[110]
- regret
- gráta ("to weep, groan") + French prefix re- through Old French regreter, itself from Old Norman-French regrater, regreter, influenced by Old English grætan[111][112]
- reindeer
- hreindyri[113]
- rid
- rythja (="to clear land")[114]
- rive
- rífa (="to scratch, plow, tear")[115]
- root
- rót[116]
- rotten
- rotinn (="decayed")[117]
- rugged
- rogg (="shaggy tuft")[118]
S
- saga
- saga (="story, tale")[119]
- sale
- sala[120]
- same
- same, samr (="same")[121]
- scale
- (for weighing) from skal (="bowl, drinking cup", or in plural "weighing scale" referring to the cup or pan part of a balance) in early English used to mean "cup"[122]
- scant
- skamt & skammr (="short, lacking")[123]
- scare
- skirra (="to frighten)[124]
- scarf
- skarfr (="fastening joint") ("scarf" and "scarves" have been reintroduced to modern Swedish[citation needed] in their English forms)[125]
- scathe
- skaða (="to hurt, injure")[126]
- score
- skor (="notch"; "twenty")[127]
- scrape
- skrapa (="to scrape, erase")[128]
- scrap
- skrap (="scraps, trifles") from skrapa[129]
- seat
- sæti (="seat, position")[130]
- seem
- sœma (="to conform")[131]
- shake
- skaka (="to shake")[132]
- skate
- skata (="fish")[133]
- skid
- probably from or related to Old Norse skið (="stick of wood") and related to "ski" (="stick of wood", or in this sense "snowshoe")[134]
- skill
- skil (="distinction")[135]
- skin
- skinn (="animal hide")[136]
- skip
- skopa (="to skip, run)[137]
- skirt
- skyrta (="shirt")[138]
- skull
- skulle (="head")[139]
- sky
- ský (="cloud")[140]
- slant
- sletta, slenta (="to throw carelessly")[141]
- slaughter
- *slahtr (="butchering")[142]
- slaver
- slafra (="slaver")[143]
- sledge
- sleggja (="sledgehammer")[144]
- sleight
- slœgð[145]
- sleuth
- sloð (="trail")[146]
- sly
- sloegr (="cunning, crafty, sly")[147]
- snare
- snara (="noose, snare")[148]
- snub
- snubba (="to curse")[149]
- sprint
- spretta (="to jump up")[150]
- stagger
- stakra (="to push")[151]
- stain
- steina (="to paint")[152]
- stammer
- stemma (="to hinder, damn up")[153]
- steak
- steik, steikja (="to fry")[154]
T
- take
- taka[156]
- tarn
- tjǫrn, tjarn[157]
- teem
- tœma (="to empty")[158]
- their
- þeirra[159]
- they
- þeir[160]
- though
- from Old English þēah, and in part from Old Norse þó (="though")[161]
- thrall
- þræll[162]
- Thursday
- Þorsdagr (="Thor's day")[163]
- thrift
- þrift (="prosperity")[164]
- thrust
- þrysta (="to thrust, force")[165]
- thwart
- þvert (="across")[166]
- tidings
- tíðindi (="news of events")[167]
- tight
- þéttr (="watertight, close in texture, solid")[168]
- till
- til (="to, until")[169]
- toom
- tóm (="vacant time, leisure")[170]
- troll
- troll (="giant, friend, demon"; further etymology is disputed)[171]
- trust
- traust (="help, confidence")[172]
U
- ugly
- uggligr (="Dreadfull, repulsive")[173]
- until
- from Old Norse und (="as far as, up to") and til (="until, up to")[174]
V
- Vanadium
- from Old Norse Vanadis, another name for Freja[175]
- viking
- vikingr (="one who came from the fjords")[176]
W
- wand
- vondr (="rod")[177]
- want
- vanta (="to lack")[178]
- weak
- veikr (="weak, pliant")[179]
- whirl
- hvirfla (="to go around")[180]
- whisk
- viska (="to plait")[181]
- wicket
- vík (="bay") + French suffix -et through Anglo-Norman wicket, itself from Old Norman-French wiket, Norman-French viquet > French guichet [182][183]
- wight
- vigr (="able in battle") – the other wight meaning "man" is from Old English[184]
- wile
- vél (="trick, craft, fraud")[185]
- windlass
- window
- vindauga (="wind-eye") – although gluggi was more commonly used in Old Norse[186]
- wing
- vængr (="a wing")[187]
- wrong
- rangr (="crooked, wry, wrong")[188]
Y
See also
- Lists of English words of international origin
- List of English words of Scandinavian origin
- List of English words of Swedish origin
- List of English words of Norwegian origin
- Old Norse language
- Old Norse orthography
References
- ↑ There was a native Old English cenning "declaration" (in Middle English "cognition"), derived from the verb to ken The Old Norse kenning "set expression in early Germanic poetry" was loaned in 19th-century Germanic philology independently of the native word.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 198.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 213 - 214.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 222 - 223.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ T. F. Hoad, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New-York, 1993, p. 213a.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑
Italian giulivo (rare) is itself from Old French. Late Latin *gaudivu is not attested (no cognate in any Romance language) and [d] cannot turn into [l] in such a context. The word first appears in Geoffrey Gaimar's Estoire des Engleis, a works much influenced by Scandinavian sagas.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ HOAD 262a
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 276 - 277.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
For a list of words relating to with Old Norse language origins, see the Old Norse derivations category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |