List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia

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This is a list of past and present members of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The court's name was the Supreme Court of Appeals until it was changed in 1971.[1] Members were titled Judge until a 1928 constitutional amendment changed the title to Justice and designated the presiding member Chief Justice.[2]

Current Justices

The court presently is made up of seven justices,[3] each elected by a majority vote of both houses of the General Assembly for a term of twelve years.[4] To be eligible for election, a candidate must be a resident of Virginia and must have been a member of the Virginia State Bar for at least five years.[4] Vacancies on the court occurring between sessions of the General Assembly may be filled by the Governor for a term expiring thirty days after the commencement of the next session of the General Assembly.[4] The Chief Justice presently is chosen by a vote of the seven justices for a term of four years.[5] There is no statutory limit to the number of four-year terms to which a Chief Justice may be elected. However, the Court has stated that the justices internally adopted a two-term limit.[6]

State law requires justices, like all Virginia jurists, to retire no later than twenty days after the commencement of the next regular session of the General Assembly following their seventy-third birthday.[7] The court may designate up to five retired justices to serve as Senior Justices, each for a renewable one-year term.[8] Senior justices may sit with the court either to hear petitions for appeal or to hear cases on the merits, particularly to replace any of the seven active justices who may be recused from hearing a specific case. In addition, a retired justice who has not been designated as a senior justice may sit with the court by special designation.[8]

Active Justices

Justice First term began Current term ends Chief
Donald Wayne Lemons March 16, 2000[9] March 15, 2024[10] January 1, 2015[11] -
Samuel Bernard Goodwyn October 10, 2007[12] January 31, 2020[13] ——
William Cleveland Mims April 1, 2010[14] March 31, 2022[15] ——
Elizabeth Ann McClanahan August 1, 2011[16] July 31, 2023[17] ——
Cleo Elaine Powell August 1, 2011[16] July 31, 2023[17] ——
Denham Arthur Kelsey February 1, 2015[18] January 31, 2027[18] ——
Jane Marum Roush August 1, 2015[19] Undetermined[20] ——

Senior Justices

Justice First term began Active service ended Senior status began
Charles Stevens Russell March 1, 1982[21] July 1, 1991[22] January 1, 2004[23]
Elizabeth Bermingham Lacy January 4, 1989[24] August 16, 2007[12] August 16, 2007[12]
Lawrence Larkins Koontz, Jr. August 16, 1995[25] February 1, 2011[26] February 1, 2011[26]
LeRoy Francis Millette, Jr. August 19, 2008[27] July 31, 2015[28] July 31, 2015[28]

Former Justices

Members ex officio (1778-1788)

The Constitution of 1776 provided for a Supreme Court of Appeals but did not specify its structure, leaving the General Assembly to organize the court by statute.[29] The first such statute was enacted at the October 1778 legislative session. From that time until 1788, no one was appointed or elected specifically to serve on the Supreme Court of Appeals. Rather, the court was made up of the three judges of the High Court of Chancery, the five judges of the General Court, and the three judges of the Court of Admiralty, each of whom was elected by the General Assembly to life terms on those courts and served on the Supreme Court of Appeals ex officio.[30]

The following judges were members of the court by virtue of having been elected judges of the High Court of Chancery, the General Court, and the Court of Admiralty, in the courts' order of precedence under the statute.[30] The terms listed below run from each member's accession to those respective courts, which were created in 1776 and 1777, before the Supreme Court of Appeals was created. Ex officio membership ended on December 24, 1788, when the Supreme Court of Appeals became a separate body with five judges.[31]

The High Court of Chancery:[32]

The General Court:[34]

The Court of Admiralty:[35]

Members since 1788

In December 1788, within the broad authority provided by the Constitution of 1776, the General Assembly re-organized the Supreme Court of Appeals as a separate court with five judges elected by the legislature to life terms.[31] The General Assembly elected two incumbent judges of the High Court of Chancery and three incumbent judges of the General Court as the first judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals in their own right.[33] While the court has remained separate ever since, the number of seats has varied. In January 1807, while one of the five seats was vacant, the General Assembly reduced the number to four with the provision that it be further reduced to three upon the next vacancy.[36] The number was restored to five in January 1811.[37]

The next significant alteration to the court came with the Constitution of 1851. It provided for the popular election of judges to the court, one from each of five districts, and imposed a twelve-year term.[38] While the length of terms has continued to this day, popular election ended with the Constitution of 1864, which also reduced the court three judges.[39] It also provided, for the first time, that the General Assembly would elect the judges from candidates nominated by the Governor.[40]

The post-Reconstruction Constitution of 1870 eliminated the short-lived provision for gubernatorial nominations and restored the court to five judges.[41] The Constitution of 1902 staggered the five seats by requiring that at the next election of judges, one judge would be elected to a term of 4 years, one to a term of 6 years, one to a term of 8 years, one to a term of 10 years, and one to a term of 12 years.[42] It perpetuated this staggering by providing that any new judge elected to fill a vacancy would serve only the unexpired portion of his predecessor's term.[43]

In 1906, the General Assembly re-elected each of the five incumbent judges, whose terms were all due to expire the following January 1, to fill the newly staggered seats. An amendment ratified in 1928 increased the number of seats to seven but it did not stagger the two new seats. The Constitution of 1971 eliminated the staggering of seats by providing that any new judge elected to fill a vacancy serve a full twelve-year term.[4]

These are the former members of the court from 1788, in order of their accession to office. Those who served as presiding officer are designated by italics.

Succession of seats since 1895

In 1895, for the first time, the General Assembly elected a full bench of five new judges.[107] Consequently, any line of succession between a specific justice of the current court and a judge elected before 1895 necessarily would be arbitrary. However, when the General Assembly re-elected the incumbent judges in 1906 to fill the staggered seats created by the Constitution of 1902, it elected a specific judge to each seat: it re-elected Judge Cardwell for 4 years, Judge Whittle for 6, Judge Buchanan for 8, Judge Keith for 10, and Judge Harrison for 12.[108] It therefore is possible to trace the line of succession of each these seats, and the two new seats created in 1928, to its current occupant.

Seat 1
Designated for a 4-year term in 1906
Member Acceded Vacated
Richard Henry Cardwell Jan. 1, 1895 Nov. 16, 1916
Robert Riddick Prentis Dec. 16, 1916 Nov. 25, 1931
Joseph William Chinn Dec. 3, 1931 Aug. 16, 1936
Claude Veron Spratley Aug. 27, 1936 Sept. 30, 1967
Albertis Sydney Harrison, Jr. Oct. 23, 1967 Dec. 31, 1981
Charles Stevens Russell Mar. 1, 1982 July 1, 1991
Barbara Milano Keenan July 2, 1991 Mar. 12, 2010
William Cleveland Mims April 1, 2010
Seat 2
Designated for a 6-year term in 1906
Member Acceded Vacated
John William Riely Jan. 1, 1895 Aug. 20, 1900
Archer Allen Phlegar Oct. 1, 1900 Jan. 1901
Stafford Gorman Whittle Mar. 1901 Dec. 31, 1919
Edward Watts Saunders Mar. 9, 1920 Dec. 16, 1921
Jesse Felix West Feb. 1, 1922 Oct. 25, 1929
Louis Spencer Epes Nov. 20, 1929 Feb. 14, 1935
John William Eggleston Feb. 26, 1935 Oct. 1, 1969
George Moffett Cochran[109] Oct. 1, 1969 Apr. 20, 1987
Henry Hudson Whiting Apr. 30, 1987 Aug. 12, 1995
Lawrence Larkins Koontz, Jr. Aug. 16, 1995 Feb. 1, 2011
Elizabeth Ann McClanahan[110] Aug. 1, 2011
Seat 3
Designated for an 8-year term in 1906
Member Acceded Vacated
John Alexander Buchanan Jan. 1, 1895 Jan. 12, 1915
Joseph Luther Kelly Jan. 12, 1915 Jan. 31, 1924
Preston White Campbell Jan. 31, 1924 Oct. 1, 1946
Archibald Chapman Buchanan Oct. 1, 1946 Oct. 1, 1969
Alexander Marrs Harman[109] Oct. 1, 1969 Dec. 31, 1979
William Carrington Thompson Feb. 19, 1980 Mar. 2, 1983
John Charles Thomas Apr. 25, 1983 Nov. 1, 1989
Leroy Rountree Hassell, Sr. Dec. 28, 1989 Feb. 9, 2011
Cleo Elaine Powell[110] Aug. 1, 2011
Seat 4
Designated for a 10-year term in 1906
Member Acceded Vacated
James Keith Jan. 1, 1895 June 10, 1916
Frederick Wilmer Sims June 12, 1916 Feb. 8, 1925
Joseph Luther Kelly Mar. 10, 1925 Apr. 14, 1925
Richard Henry Lee Chichester June 1, 1925 Feb. 3, 1930
George Landon Browning Feb. 19, 1930 Aug. 26, 1947
Abram Penn Staples Oct. 7, 1947 Jan. 15, 1951
Lemuel Francis Smith Feb. 15, 1951 Oct. 15, 1956
Harold Fleming Snead Jan. 14, 1957 Sept. 30, 1974
Asbury Christian Compton Oct. 1, 1974 Feb. 2, 2000
Donald Wayne Lemons Mar. 16, 2000
Seat 5
Designated for a 12-year term in 1906
Member Acceded Vacated
George Moffett Harrison Jan. 1, 1895 Mar. 6, 1917
Martin Parks Burks Mar. 22, 1917 Apr. 30, 1928
Henry Winston Holt June 1, 1928 Oct. 4, 1947
Willis Dance Miller Nov. 17, 1947 Dec. 20, 1960
Harry Lee Carrico Jan. 30, 1961 Jan. 31, 2003
George Steven Agee Mar. 1, 2003 June 30, 2008
LeRoy Francis Millette, Jr. Aug. 19, 2008 July 31, 2015
Jane Marum Roush Aug. 1, 2015 Undetermined
Seat 6
Created June 19, 1928
Member Acceded Vacated
Herbert Bailey Gregory Feb. 1, 1930 Mar. 9, 1951
Kennon Caithness Whittle Mar. 14, 1951 Feb. 1, 1965
Thomas Christian Gordon, Jr. Feb. 17, 1965 May 31, 1972
Richard Harding Poff Aug. 31, 1972 Dec. 31, 1988
Elizabeth Bermingham Lacy Jan. 4, 1989 Aug. 16, 2007
Samuel Bernard Goodwyn Oct. 10, 2007
Seat 7
Created June 19, 1928
Member Acceded Vacated
Edward Wren Hudgins Feb. 1, 1930 July 29, 1958
Lawrence Warren I'Anson Sept. 3, 1958 Jan. 31, 1981
Roscoe Bolar Stephenson, Jr. Mar. 2, 1981 July 1, 1997
Cynthia Dinah Fannon Kinser July 8, 1997 Dec. 31, 2014
Denham Arthur Kelsey Feb. 1, 2015

Notes

  1. ↑ The Constitution of 1971 designated the court only as the Supreme Court. Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 1, Constitution of Virginia (November 3, 1970). Retrieved on September 26, 2013. All prior constitutions, beginning with the Constitution of 1776, designated the court as the Supreme Court of Appeals.
  2. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 88, Constitution of Virginia (July 10, 1902). Retrieved on September 26, 2013., as amended June 19, 1928.
  3. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 2, Constitution of Virginia (November 3, 1970). Retrieved on September 26, 2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 7, Constitution of Virginia (November 3, 1970). Retrieved on September 26, 2013.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. In 2015, the General Assembly increased the mandatory retirement age from 70 to 73. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 259 Va. v (2000).
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Justice Lemons will reach the mandatory retirement age before the expiration of his term; he will have to retire or take senior status no later than January 31, 2023.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 274 Va. iii (2007).
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 279 Va. iii (2010).
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 282 Va. v (2011).
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Under the Constitution of Virginia, Justice Roush's original interim appointment by Governor Terry McAuliffe was to expire thirty days after the commencement of the next session of the Virginia General Assembly, unless the legislature elected her to a full twelve-year term. Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 7, Constitution of Virginia (November 3, 1970). Retrieved on July 27, 2015. On August 17, 2015, the General Assembly convened in special session but failed to elect anyone to the full twelve-year term before the Senate of Virginia purported to adjourn sine die. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Constitution prohibits one chamber of the legislature from adjourning for more than three days without the consent of the other chamber. Article IV of the Constitution of Virginia Section 6, Constitution of Virginia (November 3, 1970). Retrieved on September 15, 2015. The Senate and the governor claim that this provision applies only to regular sessions of the General Assembly; the House of Delegates and most Senate Republicans claim it applies to special sessions as well, and that the Senate's adjournment was invalid because the House did not consent. Because there is legal uncertainty about whether the legislature is still in session, it is unclear whether the governor may fill the vacancy created when Justice Roush's original interim appointment expired on September 16, 2015. Nevertheless, the governor announced his view that the legislature was not in session and purported to reappoint her for a second interim term. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Whether this second interim appointment is valid or invalid has not been determined. If the second interim appointment is valid, it will expire on February 12, 2016, thirty days after the beginning of the next regular session of the General Assembly on January 13, unless the legislature elects her to a full twelve-year term.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 223 Va. iii (1982).
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 242 Va. v (1991).
  23. ↑ Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 267 Va. iii (2004).
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 238 Va. iii (1989).
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 250 Va. v (1995).
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 281 Va. v (2011).
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 276 Va. v (2008).
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. This statute was repealed and replaced the following year but the material provisions of the replacement statute were the same. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. This statute was superseded in 1791, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., and 1818, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., but the material provisions were unchanged.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 33.15 33.16 33.17 33.18 33.19 33.20 33.21 33.22 33.23 33.24 33.25 33.26 33.27 33.28 33.29 33.30 33.31 33.32 33.33 33.34 33.35 33.36 Brief Sketch of the Courts of this Commonwealth, Va. (2 Va. Cas.) unpaginated front matter (1826).
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. This statute was superseded in 1791, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., and 1818, Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., but the material provisions were unchanged.
  38. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 10, Constitution of Virginia (August 1, 1851).
  39. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 10, Constitution of Virginia (April 11, 1864).
  40. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 1, Constitution of Virginia (April 11, 1864).
  41. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 2, Constitution of Virginia (July 6, 1869).
  42. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 91, Constitution of Virginia (July 10, 1902). Retrieved on September 26, 2013.
  43. ↑ Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 102, Constitution of Virginia (July 10, 1902). Retrieved on September 26, 2013.
  44. ↑ Biographical Sketch of the Judges of the Court of Appeals, 8 Va. (4 Call) unpaginated front matter (1827).
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 23 Va. (2 Rand.) unpaginated front matter (1824).
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 Annotation, 16 Va. (2 Munf.) xx (1811).
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 22 Va. (1 Rand.) unpaginated front matter (1823).
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 48 Va. (7 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1851).
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 50 Va. (9 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1853). This records the judges popularly elected under the Constitution of 1851 but does not specify the date on which the terms of Judge Cabell and Judge Baldwin, who were not elected, expired, or that on which the terms of Judge Lee and Judge Samuels, who were newly elected, began.
  50. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 29 Va. (2 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1831).
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 32 Va. (5 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1835).
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 35 Va. (8 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1838).
  53. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 30 Va. (3 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1833).
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 39 Va. (12 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1843). This records that Judge Tucker resigned in summer of 1841 and was replaced by Judge Baldwin, but does not specify when the vacancy was created or filled.
  55. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 36 Va. (9 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1840).
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 38 Va. (11 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1842).
  57. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 37 Va. (10 Leigh) unpaginated front matter (1841).
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 44 Va. (3 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1847).
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6 Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 58 Va. (17 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1867). This records the judges elected by the General Assembly under the Constitution of 1864 following the reduction of the court from five judges to three but does not specify the date on which the terms of Judge Allen, Judge Daniel, Judge Lee, and Judge Robertson expired, or that on which the terms of Judge Joynes and Judge Thompson, who were newly elected, began. It likewise records that Judge Rives replaced Judge Thompson but not the specific date.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 76 Va. unpaginated front matter (1883).
  61. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 55 Va. (14 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1859).
  62. ↑ Judges of the Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 56 Va. (15 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1860).
  63. ↑ Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 62 Va. (21 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1872).
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 61 Va. (20 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1871). This records the judges elected under the Constitution of 1870 but does not specify the date on which the term of Judge Rives, who was not elected, vacated his seat. The constitution provided that the terms of judges elected under it would begin the following January 1. Article VI of the Constitution of Virginia Section 22, Constitution of Virginia (July 6, 1869)
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.5 65.6 65.7 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 77 Va. unpaginated front matter (1883).
  66. ↑ Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 63 Va. (22 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1873).
  67. ↑ Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 68 Va. (27 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1877).
  68. ↑ Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 69 Va. (28 Gratt.) unpaginated front matter (1878). This records that Judge Burks was a member of the court when it sat in November 1876 but does not specify the date he succeeded Judge Bouldin.
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 90 Va. unpaginated front matter (1895).
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.4 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 91 Va. unpaginated front matter (1896).
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 98 Va. unpaginated front matter (1900).
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 117 Va. unpaginated front matter (1915).
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 119 Va. unpaginated front matter (1916).
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 120 Va. unpaginated front matter (1917).
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 99 Va. unpaginated front matter (1901).
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 126 Va. unpaginated front matter (1920).
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 138 Va. unpaginated front matter (1924).
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 141 Va. unpaginated front matter (1925).
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 157 Va. unpaginated front matter (1932).
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 150 Va. unpaginated front matter (1928).
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 132 Va. unpaginated front matter (1922).
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 82.2 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 153 Va. unpaginated front matter (1930).
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 185 Va. unpaginated front matter (1947).
  84. ↑ Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 142 Va. unpaginated front matter (1925).
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 186 Va. unpaginated front matter (1947).
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 163 Va. unpaginated front matter (1933).
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 87.2 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 154 Va. unpaginated front matter (1930).
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 88.3 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 192 Va. unpaginated front matter (1951).
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 200 Va. unpaginated front matter (1959).
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 166 Va. unpaginated front matter (1936).
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 210 Va. unpaginated front matter (1970).
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 208 Va. unpaginated front matter (1968).
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 202 Va. unpaginated front matter (1961).
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 198 Va. unpaginated front matter (1957).
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Appeals During the Time of These Reports, 205 Va. unpaginated front matter (1965).
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 215 Va. unpaginated front matter (1975).
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 221 Va. unpaginated front matter (1986).
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 265 Va. v (2003).
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 213 Va. unpaginated front matter (1973).
  100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 220 Va. unpaginated front matter (1980).
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 233 Va. v (1987).
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 225 Va. iii (1983).
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 254 Va. v (1997).
  104. ↑ Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia During the Time of These Reports, 239 Va. front matter (1990).
  105. ↑ Memorial Statement, 281 Va. xxix (2011).
  106. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  107. ↑ Preface, 91 Va. xx (1895).
  108. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 Although Cochran and Harman each joined the Court on the same day, Governor Godwin reported to the General Assembly that he had appointed Cochran to succeed Eggleston and Harman to succeed Buchanan. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 Although McClanahan and Powell each joined the Court on the same day, only Powell was interviewed for the vacancy created by the unexpected death of Justice Hassell. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The vacancy created by the mandatory retirement of Justice Koontz had been widely anticipated and McClanahan had already been interviewed for it. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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