This list includes Asian countries and regions that were part of the Roman Empire, or that were given Latin place names in historical references.
Background
Until the Modern Era, Latin was the common language for scholarship and mapmaking. During the 19th and 20th centuries, German scholars in particular have made significant contributions to the study of historical place names, or Ortsnamenkunde. These studies have, in turn, contributed to the study of genealogy. For genealogists and historians of pre-Modern Europe, knowing alternate names of places is vital to extracting information from both public and private records. Even specialists in this field point out, however, that the information can be easily taken out of context, since there is a great deal of repetition of place names throughout Europe; reliance purely on apparent connections should therefore be tempered with valid historical methodology.
Caveats and notes
Latin place names are not always exclusive to one place — for example, there were several Roman cities whose names began with Colonia and then a more descriptive term. During the Middle Ages, these were often shortened to just Colonia. One of these, Colonia Agrippinensis, retains the name today in the form of Cologne.
Early sources for Roman names show numerous variants and spellings of the Latin names.
The modern canonical name is listed first. Sources are listed chronologically. In general, only the earliest source is shown for each name, although many of the names are recorded in more than one of the sources. Where the source differs in spelling, or has other alternatives, these are listed following the source. As an aid to searching, variants are spelled completely, and listed in most likely chronology.
Superscripts indicate:
- Latinized form of the Greek-derived name.
- Latinized form of the Asian-derived name via Greek.
- Altered Latinized form of the Greek-derived name.
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Ancyra |
Ankara |
| Antiochia Mygdonia |
Nusaybin, Mardin Province |
| Dorylaeum |
near Eşkişehir |
| Ephesus |
Efes |
| Flavias, Flaviopolis |
Kozan, Adana Province |
| Halicarnassus¹ |
Bodrum |
| Heraclea Pontica |
Bender Eregli |
| Hierapolis |
Pamukkale |
| Ilium |
Troy |
| Mopsuestia (5PNH22: Mopsos) |
Misis - Missis - Mamistra - Hadriana - Seleucia, Adana Province |
| Nicaea |
Iznik |
| Nicomedia¹ |
İzmit |
| Ninica, Claudiopolis |
Mut, Adana Province |
| Prusa, Brusa |
Bursa |
| Seleucia Calycadnus, Seleucia Isauria, Seleucia Tracheotis |
Silifke - Selefke, Adana Province |
| Trapezus |
Trabzon - Trebizond |
| Pergamon |
Bergama |
| Chalcedonia |
Kadıköy |
| Iconium, Iconia |
Konya |
| Heraklia, Eraclea |
Ereğli |
| Assos |
Asos |
| Smyrna |
İzmir |
| Caesarea |
Kayseri |
| Tarsus |
Tarsus |
| Attaleia |
Antalya |
| Amastris |
Amasya |
| Alexandria Ad Issum |
Iskenderun |
| Nicomedia |
Izmit |
| Phoenicia¹ |
Fenike |
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria Arachosia |
Kandahār |
| Alexandria Ariana, Alexandria in Aria, Aria |
Herāt |
| Alexandria ad Caucasum, Alexandria Caucasiana |
Bagrām / Chārikār |
| Alexandria Oxiana, Eucratidia¹ |
Ai-Khanoum (or Termez in Uzbekistan?) |
| Phrada², Prophthasia¹ |
Farāh |
Cities and towns in Cyprus
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Larnaca¹ |
Larnaca |
| Salamis¹ |
Salamis |
Cities and towns in Georgia
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Athōs Novum, Anacopia |
New Athos |
| Phasis² |
Poti |
| Triphelis |
Tbilisi |
Cities and towns in Iran
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria in Carmania |
Golāshkerd |
Cities and towns in Iraq
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria in Susiana |
Al-Qurnah |
| Alexandria |
Iskandariya |
Cities and towns in Israel
Cities and towns in Lebanon
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Arca Caesarea |
Arqa |
| Berytus² |
Beirut (Bayrūt) |
| Methana² |
Meshen |
| Tripolis¹ |
Tripoli |
Cities and towns in Pakistan
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria Indiana |
Uch |
| Alexandria Nicaea, Nicaea, Bucephala |
Jhelum |
| Arigaeum |
Nawagai |
| Rhambacia |
Bela |
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Gaza² |
Gaza |
| Raphia² |
Rafah |
Cities and towns in Russia
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Tobolium |
Tobolsk |
Cities and towns in Syria
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Beroea |
Aleppo |
| Damascus |
Damascus (Dimashq) |
| Emesa |
Homs |
| Palmyra |
Palmyra (Tadmor) |
| Sergiopolis |
Resafa |
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria Eschatē¹, Alexandria Ultima |
Khujand |
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria in Margiana, Antiochia in Margiana |
Merv |
| Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s)) |
English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s) |
| Alexandria |
Iskandar |
| Maracanda |
Samarkand |
See also
References
In order of likely publication:
- PNH: Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus), Naturalis Historia; book "PNH" chapter (that is, "37PNH81" instead of the usual "N.H.xxxvii.81").
- PG: Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus), Geographia; book "PG" chapter (that is, "2PG3" instead of the usual "II.3"). Ptolemy wrote in Greek, so names are transliterated back into Latin to reveal the original form.
External links
