List of U.S. Highways in Michigan

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United States Numbered Highways of the State Trunkline Highway System
US Highway 102 markerUS Highway 16 markerUS Highway 23 marker
Highway markers from different years for former US Highway 102 (1926), former US Highway 16 (1948), and current US Highway 23 (1973)
System information
Maintained by MDOT
Length: 2,299.653 mi[3] (3,700.933 km)
Plus 159.621 mi [3] (256.885 km) of business routes
Formed: November 11, 1926 (1926-11-11)[1][2]
Highway names
US Routes: US Highway nn (US nn)
Special Routes: <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • Alternate US Highway nn (US nnA);
  • Business US Highway nn (Bus. US nn);
  • Bypass US Highway nn (Byp. US nn);
  • Truck US Highway nn (Truck US nn)
System links

The US Highways in Michigan are the segments of the national United States Numbered Highway System[4] that are owned and maintained by the US state of Michigan,[5] totaling about 2,300 miles (3,701 km).[3] The longest of these is US Highway 23 (US 23) at around 362 miles (583 km). On a national level, the standards and numbering for the system are handled by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), while the highways in Michigan are maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

The original highways were approved on November 11, 1926, by AASHTO including 14 mainline highways. A handful of these original highway designations no longer run within Michigan, and a few numbers have been added since the 1930s. Since 1999 there are 13 mainline highways and with the creation of a business route for Constantine a total of 30 special routes in the state. Several highways have been converted to freeways, some of which are now Interstate Highways and no longer part of the US Highway System. These freeway conversions started in the 1940s and 1950s and continued through to the turn of the 21st century.

Description

MDOT is the agency responsible for the day-to-day maintenance and operations of the State Trunkline Highway System, which includes the U.S. Highways in Michigan. The numbering for these highways is coordinated through AASHTO,[6] an organization composed of the various state departments of transportation in the United States.[7] Under the scheme finalized in 1926, two-digit US Highways are numbered in a grid; east–west highways have even numbers while north–south routes have odd numbers. The lowest numbers are in the east and the north. The east–west highways in Michigan number in the single digits up to the low 20s. The north–south highways range from the low 20s into the 40s. There are also three three-digit highways numbered in the 100s and one in the 200s as branches of related two-digit highways.[8]

In Michigan, the US Highway System covers about 2,300 miles (3,701 km) of mainline highways and another 160 miles (257 km) of special routes.[3] There are 13 mainline highways and 30 special routes in total, including one business route that is unsigned.[8][9] Two of the mainline highways in the Upper Peninsula exit the state and re-enter, resulting in two discontinuous segments of highway for each in Michigan.[10] The longest US Highway in the state is US Highway 23 (US 23) at just over 362 miles (583 km) spanning from the Ohio state line north to the Straits of Mackinac in the Lower Peninsula, while the shortest is the 2.3-mile (3.7 km) segment of US 8 south of Norway in Dickinson County. Special routes range in length from about Lua error in Module:Convert at line 452: attempt to index field 'titles' (a nil value). for Business US 2 (Bus. US 2) in Ironwood to 10 miles (16 km) for Bus. US 131 in Kalamazoo.[3]

History

File:US Highways in Michigan 1926.png
US Highway number assignments on November 11, 1926, in Michigan

The US Highway System was approved on November 11, 1926.[1] At the time, 14 mainline highways were designated in Michigan.[2] Within two years, US 102 was renumbered as part of an extended US 141, and the former designation was decommissioned.[11] Since then, another four designations were added in the state during the 1930s. One of these, US 112S was a suffixed, directional branch of the US 112 mainline; it was removed a few years[12][13] after being designated in 1931.[14][15] Around the same time period, the first alternate routes were designated, numbered with an "A" suffix.[lower-alpha 1]

During World War II, the Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD)[lower-alpha 2] built the Willow Run Expressways to carry workers from Detroit to the defense plants at Willow Run Airport.[22] This expressway was numbered as a part of US 112 initially.[23] During the 1950s, additional highways were converted to freeways before the coming of the Interstate Highway System in 1957. The first highway renumbered as an Interstate was US 24A in the southeastern corner of the state, which became part of Interstate 75 (I-75) in 1959.[24]

Major numbering changes started in the 1960s as Michigan retired or rerouted its US Highways with the completion of Interstates. US 12 replaced US 112 in 1962 when the I-94 designation supplanted most of the original US 12.[25] Later that year, US 16 was decommissioned in favor of I-96.[26][27] This trend continued into the 1970s when US 25 was decommissioned as redundant to sections of I-75 and I-94.[28]

Not all freeway conversions of existing US Highways resulted in the removal of US Highway numbers. In 1968, the state submitted a request for additional Interstate Highway mileage to the federal government, including a proposal to convert US 131.[29] This specific project was not approved although the state continued its own efforts to convert the highway, including various segments opened in the 1970s[30] and 1980s.[31] Other highways converted to freeways included US 10, US 23, US 27, US 31 and US 127.[8]

At the end of the 1970s, MDOT took part in a FHWA-backed initiative called the Positive Guidance Demonstration Project, and the two agencies audited signage practices in the vicinity of the I-96/M-37 and I-296/US 131 interchange in Walker, north pf Grand Rapids. MDOT determined that usage of the I-296 designation was "a potential source of confusion for motorists."[32] Following this program, the Reflective Systems Unit at MDOT reviewed the state of two- and three-way concurrencies along the highway system in Michigan. They approached the department's Trunkline Numbering Committee and the district traffic and safety engineers on October 19, 1982, for proposals to reduce or eliminate the various overlapping designations to "avoid driver confusion and save funds".[33] Included on the initial discussion report were the various remaining overlaps between Interstate and US Highways.[33] When the unit released its final recommendations on March 17, 1983, various changes were proposed.[34] In 1983, US 2 was truncated, removing the overlap with I-75,[35][36] and in 1986, US 10 was similarly shortened to remove an overlap with I-75.[37][38] US 33 was all but eliminated in the state in 1986 as well, eliminating its overlap with US 31.[39] Over a decade later, two highway designations were completely removed from the state in 1990s when US 33 and US 27 were truncated to end in Indiana in 1997[40] and 1999,[41] respectively. The latter also removed an overlap with I-69.[42][43]

Additional freeway sections opened in around the turn of the 21st century. The St. Johns Bypass along then-US 27 opened on August 31, 1998;[44] and bypasses of Cadillac and Manton on US 131 opened in 2001[45] and 2003.[43][46] A 9.5-mile (15.3 km) freeway segment of US 31 north from Berrien Springs to Napier Avenue also opened in 2003.[47][48] Plans are still moving forward to convert the expressway segment of US 127 between Ithaca and St. Johns into a full freeway as of 2009.[49]

Mainline highways

Number Length (mi)[3] Length (km) Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Formed Removed Notes
US 2 109.177 175.703 US 2 at Ironwood US 2/US 141 near Crystal Falls 1926[2] current Western segment
US 2 195.974 315.390 US 2/US 141 near Iron Mountain I-75 & BL I-75 in St. Ignace 1926[2] current Eastern segment
US 8 2.322 3.737 US 8 at Norway Township US 2 in Norway 1926[2] current
US 10 139.656 224.755 Car ferry dock in Ludington I-75/US 23 & BS I-75/M-25 near Bay City 1926[2] current Connects to US 10 in Wisconsin via the SS Badger carferry
US 12 210.077 338.086 US 12 at New Buffalo Michigan & Cass avenues in Detroit 1926[2] current
US 16 210.643 338.997 Car ferry docks in Muskegon US 10, US 12, US 25 & US 112 in Detroit 1926[2] 1962[26][27] Replaced by I-96
US 23 362.152 582.827 US 23/US 223 near Temperance I-75 in Mackinaw City 1926[2] current Longest US highway in Michigan
US 24 79.828 128.471 US 24 near Erie I-75 near Clarkston 1926[2] current
US 25 190.953 307.309 US 25 near Erie M-25 & M-53 in Port Austin 1926[2] 1973[28] Replaced by M-125, I-75, I-94, and M-25[28]
US 27 218.195 351.151 I-69/US 27 near Kinderhook I-75 near Grayling 1926[2] 1999[41] Replaced by I-69 and US 127; signage removed in 2002[50]
US 31 356.527 573.775 US 31 near Niles I-75 near Mackinaw City 1926[2] current
US 33 2.835 4.562 US 33 near Niles US 12 near Niles 1937[51][52] 1997[40] Replaced by M-51; signage removed in 1998[53]
US 41 278.769 448.635 US 41 at Menominee Cul-de-sac near Copper Harbor 1926[2] current
US 45 54.759 88.126 US 45/WIS 32 near Watersmeet Ontonagon & River streets in Ontonagon 1935[12][54] current
US 102 44.094 70.962 US 2 in Crystal Falls US 41/M-28 near Covington 1926[2] 1928[11] Replaced by US 141
US 112 205.507 330.731 US 12 in New Buffalo US 10, US 12, US 16 & US 25 in Detroit 1926[2] 1962[25] Replaced by US 12 when I-94 replaced US 12
US 112S 1.709 2.750 US 112S at Indiana state line US 112 near Union 1931[14][15] 1935[12][13] Replaced by M-205, now a county road
US 127 212.168 341.451 US 127 near Hudson I-75 near Grayling 1926[2] current
US 131 269.313 433.417 US 131 near White Pigeon US 31 in Petoskey 1926[2] current
US 141 7.892 12.701 US 141 near Quinnesec US 2/US 141 near Iron Mountain 1928[11] current Southern segment
US 141 43.602 70.171 US 2/US 141 near Crystal Falls US 41/M-28 near Covington 1928[11] current Northern segment
US 223 45.695 73.539 US 23/US 223 near Temperance US 127 near Somerset 1930[55][56] current
  •       Former

Special routes

Number Length (mi)[3] Length (km) Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Formed Removed Notes

Bus. US 2
1.270 2.044 Wisconsin state line at Ironwood US 2 in Ironwood 1942[57] current Business spur; previously included a connection across the state line into Hurley, Wisconsin[58][59]

Bus. US 10
2.095 3.372 US 10 in Reed City US 10 in Reed City 1960[60][61] current

Bus. US 10
5.002 8.050 US 127/US 10 on the GrantSheridan township line US 10 in Wise Township 1975[62][63] current Serves Clare

Bus. US 10
7.200 11.587 US 10 in Midland US 10 & M-20 in Midland 1960[61][64] current Western end is in Midland County and eastern end is in Bay County

Bus. US 10
14.767 23.765 US 10 in Mount Morris Township US 10 in Grand Blanc Township 1941[65][66] 1962[26][27] Served Flint; replaced by Bus. M-54, also since returned to local control

Bus. US 10
6.925 11.145 US 10 in Waterford Township US 10 in Bloomfield Township 1961[67][68] 1986[69][70] Served Pontiac; replaced by Bus. US 24

Bus. US 12
5.327 8.573 US 12 in Bertrand Township US 12 & M-51 in Niles Township 1962[25] 2010[71] Served Niles; replaced by M-51, M-139
x25px US 12A 3.767 6.062 US 12 in Kalamazoo US 12 in Comstock 1931[18][19] 1954[72][73] Replaced by M-96

Bus. US 12
11.955 19.240 I-94/US 12 in Texas Township I-94/US 12 in Comstock Township 1959[74] 1961[75] Served Kalamazoo; replaced by BL I-94

Bus. US 12
9.678 15.575 I-94/US 12 in Battle Creek Township I-94/US 12 in Emmett Township 1940[76][77] 1961[78] Served Battle Creek; replaced by BL I-94

Bus. US 12
3.716 5.980 I-94/US 12 in Marshall Township I-94/US 12 in Marengo Township 1960[79] 1961[80] Served Marshall; replaced by BL I-94

Bus. US 12
4.520 7.274 I-94/US 12 in Albion I-94/US 14 in Parma Township 1960[79] 1961[80] Replaced by BL I-94

Bus. US 12
10.274 16.534 I-94/US 12 in Blackman Township I-94/US 12 in Leoni Township 1951[81][82] 1960[83][84] Served Jackson; replaced by BL I-94

Bus. US 12
8.020 12.907 I-94/US 12 in Ypsilanti US 12 in Van Buren Township 1962[25] current Replaced Bus. US 112

Byp. US 16
20.197 32.504 US 16 in Walker Township US 16 in Cascade Township 1942[85] 1953[86][87] Bypassed Grand Rapids; replaced by the US 16 mainline, now part of M-11

Bus. US 16
17.102 27.523 US 16 in Walker US 16 in Cascade Township 1953[86][87] 1962[88][89] Served Grand Rapids; returned to local control
US 16A 3.863 6.217 US 16 in Farmington Hills US 16 in Farmington Hills 1933[14][15] 1956[90][91] Bypassed Farmington; replaced by the US 16 mainline, now part of M-5

Bus. US 16
4.129 6.645 US 16 in Farmington Hills US 16 in Farmington Hills 1956[90][91] 1961[92][93] Served Farmington; replaced by BL I-96, now unsigned

Bus. US 23
5.781 9.304 BL I-94/US 23 & M-17 in Pittsfield Township US 23/M-14 in Ann Arbor Township 1962[94][95] current Serves Ann Arbor

Bus. US 23
3.009 4.843 US 23 in Fenton US 23 in Fenton 1958[60][96] 2006[97][98] Southern 1.723 mi (2.773 km) unsigned after 1975;[62][63] now under city control

Bus. US 23
8.006 12.884 US 10/US 23 in Bridgeport Township US 23/M-81 in Saginaw 1953[99][100] 1961[101][102] Replaced by BL I-75

Bus. US 23
2.714 4.368 US 23 in Bay City US 23/M-47 & M-20 in Bay City 1941[103][104] 1961[105][106] Replaced by BL I-75/M-25 and M-84

Bus. US 23
4.074 6.556 US 23 in Belknap Township US 23 in Rogers City 1942[107][108] current
x25px US 24A 33.783 54.368 Ohio state line south of Erie US 25 in Taylor 1945[109] 1959[24] Replaced by I-75

Bus. US 24
7.121 11.460 US 24 in Bloomfield Township US 24 in Waterford Township 1986[69][70] current Serves Pontiac; formerly Bus. US 10
x25px US 25A 5.111 8.225 Ohio state line in Erie Township US 25 in Erie Township 1937[51][52] 1945[109] Replaced by US 24A and later I-75
x25px US 25A 2.481 3.993 M-51 in Fort Gratiot Township US 25 in Fort Gratiot Township 1940[110][111] 1963[27][112] Replaced by US 25 and later M-25

Bus. US 25
8.382 13.490 I-94/US 25 in Kimball Township US 25 in Fort Gratiot Township 1963[27][112] 1973[113][114] Served Marysville and Port Huron; replaced by M-25 and later BL I-94

Bus. US 27
2.986 4.806 I-69/US 27 in Marshall Township I-94 in Marshall Township 1967[115][116] 1972[117][118] Served Marshall

Bus. US 27
4.891 7.871 I-69/US 27 on the CarmelEaton township line I-69/US 27 in Charlotte 1961[26][64] 1974[62][119] Replaced by BL I-69

Bus. US 27
4.725 7.604 BL I-96 in Lansing I-69/US 27 in DeWitt Township 1984[120][121] 2002[122][123] Now unsigned Bus. US 127 in Lansing

Truck US 27
1.529 2.461 US 27/M-78 in Lansing US 27/M-78 in Lansing 1936[124] 1950[125][126] Replaced by US 27

Bus. US 27
8.808 14.175 US 27 in Olive Township US 27 in Bingham Township 1998[127][128] 2002[42][43] Replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 27
3.745 6.027 US 27 on the IthacaNorth Star Township line US 27 in Emerson Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Replaced by Bus. US 127
x25px US 27A 5.255 8.457 US 27 east of Alma US 27 & M-46 west of St. Louis 1929[16][17] 1961[26][64] Replaced by Bus. US 27

Bus. US 27
5.631 9.062 US 27 on the EmersonBethany township line US 27 in Pine River Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Served Alma; replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 27
4.711 7.582 US 27 on the Pine RiverBethany township line US 27 in Pine River Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Served St. Louis; replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 27
5.688 9.154 US 127 in Union Township US 127 in Union Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Served Mt. Pleasant; replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 27
3.374 5.430 US 127 in Vernon Township US 127/US 10 in Grant Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Served Clare; replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 27
6.903 11.109 US 127 & M-61 in Hayes Township US 127 in Hayes Township 1961[26][64] 2002[42][43] Served Harrison; replaced by Bus. US 127

Bus. US 31
3.587 5.773 Bus. US 12 in Niles Old US 31 in Niles Township 1987[38][129] 2010[130][131] Replaced by M-139

Bus. US 31
3.572 5.749 US 31 in South Haven Township US 31 in South Haven 1942[132][133] 1963[27][112] Replaced by BL I-196

Bus. US 31
4.120 6.630 BL I-196/US 31 in Holland US 31 & BL I-196 in Holland Township 1954[134][135] 2004[46][136] Returned to city control
US 31A 4.763 7.665 US 16 & US 31 in Muskegon Heights US 31 in Muskegon 1932[137][138] 1941[139][140] Serves Replaced by Bus. US 31

Bus. US 31
9.870 15.884 I-96 & US 31 in Norton Shores US 31 in North Muskegon 1941[139][140] current Serves Muskegon

Bus. US 31
4.680 7.532 US 31 in Whitehall Township US 31 in Montague Township 1964[112][141] current Serves Whitehall and Montague

Bus. US 31
2.138 3.441 US 31 in Hart Township Johnson and State streets in Hart 1987[38][129] current Business spur

Bus. US 31
7.151 11.508 US 31 in Weare Township US 31 on the Pentwater–Weare township line 1955[142][143] current Serves Pentwater

Bus. US 31
3.172 5.105 US 31 in Pere Marquette Township US 10 in Ludington 2005[136][144] current Business spur

Bus. US 41
2.343 3.771 US 41/M-28 in Marquette US 41/M-28 in Marquette 1963[145] 2005[146] Returned to city control

x25px Bus. US 41
4.873 7.842 US 41/M-28 in Ishpeming US 41/M-28 in Negaunee 1937[51][52] 1958[60] Replaced by Bus. M-28

x25px Bus. US 41
4.256 6.849 US 41 in Baraga US 41 in Baraga Township 1940[147][148] 1942[149] Returned to local control

Bus. US 112
5.434 8.745 US 112 in Bertrand Township US 112 & M-60 in Milton Township 1956[150][151] 1962[25] Served Niles; replaced by Bus. US 12

Byp. US 112
8.023 12.912 US 112 & M-17 in Pittsfield Township US 112 in Van Buren Township 1942[152][153] 1956[154][155] Bypassed Ypsilanti; replaced by I-94

Bus. US 112
8.020 12.907 US 112 in Ypsilanti US 112 in Van Buren Township 1956[154][155] 1962[25] Replaced by Bus. US 12

Bus. US 127
6.443 10.369 US 127 & M-50 in Summit Township I-94, US 127 & M-50 in Blackman Township 1959[83][156] current Seves Jackson

x25px Bus. US 127
2.369 3.813 US 127 in Mason US 127 & M-36 in Mason 1946[157][158] 1964[159][160]
Bus. US 127 4.725 7.604 BL I-96 in Lansing I-69 in DeWitt Township 2002[122][123] current Unsigned

Bus. US 127
8.808 14.175 US 127 in Olive Township US 127 in Bingham Township 2002[42][43] current Serves St. Johns

Bus. US 127
3.745 6.027 US 127 on the IthacaNorth Star Township line US 127 in Emerson Township 2002[42][43] current

Bus. US 127
5.631 9.062 US 127 on the EmersonBethany township line US 127 in Pine River Township 2002[42][43] current Serves Alma

Bus. US 127
4.711 7.582 US 127 on the Pine RiverBethany township line US 127 in Pine River Township 2002[42][43] current Serves St. Louis

Bus. US 127
5.688 9.154 US 127 in Union Township US 127 in Union Township 2002[42][43] current Serves Mt. Pleasant

Bus. US 127
3.374 5.430 US 127 in Vernon Township US 127/US 10 in Grant Township 2002[42][43] current Serves Clare

Bus. US 127
6.903 11.109 US 127 & M-61 in Hayes Township US 127 in Hayes Township 2002[42][43] current Serves Harrison

Bus. US 131
3.656 5.884 US 131 in Constantine Township US 131 in Constantine Township 2013[161] current Serves Constantine

Bus. US 131
2.982 4.799 US 131/M-60 in Three Rivers US 131 in Three Rivers 1953[162][163] current

Bus. US 131
9.999 16.092 US 131 & I-94 in Oshtemo Township US 131 in Kalamazoo Township 1964[164][165] current Serves Kalamazoo

Byp. US 131
14.253 22.938 US 131 in Grand Rapids US 131 in Plainfield Township 1945[166] 1953[86][167] Replaced by M-11, M-37 and M-44

Bus. US 131
2.419 3.893 US 131 in Grand Rapids I-296/US 131 in Grand Rapids 1953[86][167] current

Bus. US 131
6.860 11.040 US 131/M-20 in Big Rapids Township US 131 & B-96 in Big Rapids Township 1983[35][36] current Serves Big Rapids

Bus. US 131
5.597 9.007 US 131/M-55 in Clam Lake Township US 131 in Haring Township 2001[45] current Serves Cadillac

Bus. US 131
5.667 9.120 US 131 & M-42 in Cedar Creek Township US 131 in Liberty Township 2003[43][46] current Serves Manton

Bus. US 223
3.751 6.037 US 223 & M-52 in Adrian US 223 in Adrian 1956[168][169] current
  •       Former

See also

Notes

  1. US 27A was created in 1929,[16][17] US 12A in 1931,[18][19] and US 16A in 1933,[14][15]
  2. The Michigan State Highway Department was reorganized into the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation on August 23, 1973,[20] and the name was later shortened to its current form in 1978.[21]

References

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 McNichol (2006), p. 74.
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  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. Swift (2011), p. 5.
  5. Hamilton (2007), p. 8.
  6. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. McNichol (2006), pp. 57, 121.
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  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  20. Kulsea & Shawver (1980), p. 27.
  21. Kulsea & Shawver (1980), pp. 30–31.
  22. Kulsea & Shawver (1980), pp. 17–18.
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  47. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. 52.0 52.1 52.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. open access publication - free to read
  58. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. 60.0 60.1 60.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
  61. 61.0 61.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  62. 62.0 62.1 62.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. 63.0 63.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.4 64.5 64.6 64.7 64.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  65. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  68. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  69. 69.0 69.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. 70.0 70.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  76. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  79. 79.0 79.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  80. 80.0 80.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  81. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. 83.0 83.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  84. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  85. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. 87.0 87.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. 90.0 90.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. 91.0 91.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  92. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  93. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  94. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  95. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  97. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  98. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  99. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  100. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  101. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  102. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  103. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  104. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  105. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
  106. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
  107. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  108. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  109. 109.0 109.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  110. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  111. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  112. 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  113. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  114. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  115. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  116. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  117. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  118. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  119. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  120. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  121. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  122. 122.0 122.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  123. 123.0 123.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  124. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  125. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  126. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  127. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  128. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  129. 129.0 129.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  130. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  131. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  132. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  133. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  134. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  135. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  136. 136.0 136.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  137. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  138. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  139. 139.0 139.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  140. 140.0 140.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  141. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  142. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  143. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  145. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  146. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  147. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  148. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  149. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  150. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  151. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  152. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  153. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. 154.0 154.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  155. 155.0 155.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  156. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1958)
  157. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  158. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  159. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  160. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  161. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  162. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  163. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  164. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  165. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  166. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  167. 167.0 167.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  168. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  169. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Works cited

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links