List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum

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The complete works of Gregorio Leti ("Critique historique" pictured) were listed, including his treatise on cardinal-nephews and his biographies of Olimpia Maidalchini and Pope Sixtus V.

This is a selected list of authors and works listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. The Index was abolished on June 14, 1966 by Pope Paul VI.[1]

A complete list of the authors and writings present in the subsequent editions of the index are listed in J. Martinez de Bujanda, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966, Geneva, 2002.

The Index includes entries for single or multiple works by an author, all works by an author in a given genre or dealing with a given topic. The scope of the prohibition is defined by a Latin phrase in the Index:

  • Omnia opera dramatica: all plays
  • Omnes fabulae amatoriae: all novels, or romances
  • Opera omnia theologica: all theological works
  • Opera omnia: all works (see note below)

The Index includes entries banning all works of a particular writer. Most of these were inserted in the Index at a time when the Index itself stated that the prohibition of someone’s “opera omnia” (all his works) did not cover works whose contents did not concern religion and were not forbidden by the general rules of the Index, but this explanation was omitted in the 1929 edition, an omission that was officially interpreted in 1940 as meaning that thenceforth “opera omnia” covered all the author’s works without exception.[2]

List of authors and works in the final edition, with later additions

This is a selected list of the authors and works appearing in the final published edition of the Index in 1948, with later additions until the Index was discontinued in 1966.

Banned Name Works Ref.
1600 Bruno, Giordano Opera omnia Beacon
1626, 1657, 1658,
1659, 1672
Grotius, Hugo Opera omnia theologica;
De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra (pub. 1647);
Annales et historiae de rebus belgicis (pub. 1657);
+6 more
Beacon
1645 Browne, Thomas Religio medici; the religion of a physician Beacon
1649 Hobbes, Thomas Opera omnia Beacon
1657, 1789 Pascal, Blaise Lettres provinciales (1657);
Pensées (pub. 1670), with notes by Voltaire
Beacon
1659 Calvin, John Lexicon iuridicum iuris caesarei simul et canonici Beacon
1663 Descartes, René Meditations (1641);
Les passions de l'âme (1649);
Opera philosophica. Donec corrig.;
+4 more
Beacon
1667 Leti, Gregorio Opera omnia Beacon
1668 Bacon, Francis De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum libri IX. Donec corrig. Beacon
1676 Montaigne, Michel de Essays Beacon
1679, 1690 Spinoza, Baruch Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1677);
Opera posthuma
Beacon
1684 Eriugena, Johannes Scotus De divisione naturae libri quinque diu desiderati Beacon
1689, 1707, 1712 Malebranche, Nicolas Traité de la nature et de la grace (1680);
Traité de morale (1684);
+4 more
Beacon
1694 Milton, John Literae pseudo-senatus anglicani, Cromwellii reliquorumque perduellium nomine ac iussu conscriptae (1676) Beacon
1703 La Fontaine, Jean de Contes et Nouvelles Beacon
1717 Maimonides 'Tractate on Idolatry from the Mishneh Torah with notes by Dionysius Vossius' Beacon
1729 Addison, Joseph Remarks on Several Parts of Italy (1705; revised 1718) Beacon
1734, 1737 Locke, John An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689);
The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures (1695)
Beacon
1738 Swedenborg, Emanuel Principia (1734) Beacon
1742 Berkeley, George Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher Beacon
1743 Defoe, Daniel The Political History of the Devil (1726) Beacon
1744 Richardson, Samuel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) Beacon
1751, 1762 Montesquieu Lettres Persanes (1721);
De l'esprit des lois (1748)
Beacon
1752, 1753, 1757,
1761, 1762, 1765,
1766, 1768, 1769,
1771, 1773, 1776,
1779
Voltaire Candide (1759);
Traité sur la tolérance (1763);
Lettres philosophiques (1733; revised 1778);
+38 more
Beacon
1758, 1804 Diderot, Denis Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751-72);
Jacques le fataliste et son maître (pub. 1796)
Beacon
1758 d'Alembert, Jean le Rond Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751-72) Beacon
1759, 1774 Helvétius, Claude Adrien De l'Esprit (1758);
De l'homme, de ses facultés intellectuelles et de son éducation
Beacon
1761 Hume, David Opera omnia Beacon
1762, 1766, 1806, Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Emile, ou de l'éducation (1762);
Du contrat social (1762);
Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse (1761)
Beacon
1764 Kollár, Adam František De originibus et usu perpetuo potestatis legislatoriae circa sacra apostolicorum regum Ungariae (1764) Beacon
1766 Beccaria, Cesare Dei Delitti e delle pene (1764) Beacon
1783 Gibbon, Edward Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776-1788) Beacon
1815, 1840, 1859,
1863, 1866, 1896
Michelet, Jules 6 titles Beacon
1817 Darwin, Erasmus Zoonomia; or The Laws of Organic Life (1794) Beacon
1819 Sterne, Laurence A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) Beacon
1827 Condorcet, Nicholas de Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (1794) Beacon
1827 Kant, Immanuel Critique of Pure Reason (1781; revised 1787) Beacon
1828 Stendhal Omnes fabulae amatoriae Beacon
1834, 1837, 1838,
1841, 1843, 1846,
Lamennais, Hugues Felicité Robert de 7 works Beacon
1834 Casanova, Giacomo Mémoires Beacon
1835 Bentham, Jeremy Deontology, or The science of morality (1834);
+3 more
Beacon
1836 Heine, Heinrich Reisebilder;
De l'Allemagne;
De la France
Beacon
1840 Sand, George Omnes fabulae amatoriae Beacon
1841 Balzac, Honoré de Omnes fabulae amatoriae Beacon
1849 Gioberti, Vincenzo Opera omnia Beacon
1852 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph Opera omnia Beacon
1856 Mill, John Stuart Principles of Political Economy (1848) Beacon
1859, 1860, 1863,
1866, 1869, 1877,
1881, 1882, 1884,
1891, 1892,
Renan, Ernest 19 titles Beacon
1863, 1880 Dumas, Alexandre (fils) Omnes fabulae amatoriae;
La question du divorce
Beacon
1863 Dumas, Alexandre (père) Omnes fabulae amatoriae Beacon
1864 Comte, Auguste Cours de philosophie positive Beacon
1864 Flaubert, Gustave Madame Bovary (1856);
Salammbô (1862)
Beacon
1873 Larousse, Pierre Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (1866-76) Beacon
1876 Draper, John William History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) Beacon
1894 Zola, Émile Opera omnia Beacon
1911, 1928, 1935,
1939
D'Annunzio, Gabriele Omnia opera dramatica;
Omnes fabulae amatoriae;
+3 more
Beacon
1914 Bergson, Henri Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience;
Matière et mémoire; essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit;
L'évolution créatrice
Beacon
1914 Maeterlinck, Maurice Opera omnia Beacon
1922 France, Anatole Opera omnia Beacon
1931 van de Velde, Theodoor Hendrik Het volkomen huwelijk (1926) Beacon
1948 Sartre, Jean-Paul Opera omnia Beacon
1952 Gide, André Opera omnia Beacon
1952 Moravia, Alberto Opera omnia Beacon
1953 Kazantzakis, Nikos The Last Temptation of Christ (1955) Beacon
1956 de Beauvoir, Simone The Second Sex (1949);
The Mandarins (1954)
Beacon

Reversals and non-inclusions

There have been cases of reversal with respect to works that were on the Index, such as those of Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei: "The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718 when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence. In 1741 Pope Benedict XIV authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works which included a mildly censored version of the Dialogue. In 1758 the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of prohibited books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained. All traces of official opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835 when these works were finally dropped from the Index."[citation needed]

Not on the Index were Aristophanes, Juvenal, John Cleland, James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence. According to Wallace et al., this was because the primary criterion for banning the work was anticlericalism, blasphemy and heresy.

Some authors whose views are generally unacceptable to the Church (e.g. Karl Marx or Adolf Hitler) were never put on the Index; nor was Charles Darwin (see Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church).[3][4]

Works that were included in the Index, and later removed, include:

Banned Name Works Ref.
1585 Dante Alighieri De Monarchia (1312-13)?
1616 to 1835 Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543)
to 1835 Johannes Kepler Astronomia nova (1609);
Harmonices Mundi (1619);
Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1617-21)
Sade Justine (1791);
Juliette (1797-1801)
Madame de Staël Corinne, ou l'Italie (1807)
until 1959 Victor Hugo Notre Dame de Paris (1831);
Les Misérables (1862)

References

  1. "Galileo and Books", Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Cambridge
  2. Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, Index librorum prohibitorum: 1600-1966 (Droz 2002 ISBN 2-600-00818-7), p. 36
  3. Vatican opens up secrets of Index of Forbidden Books.
  4. Heneghan, Tom, "Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books", America, The National Catholic Weekly, February 7, 2005
  5. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links