List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum
This is a selected list of authors and works listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. The Index was abolished on June 14, 1966 by Pope Paul VI.[1]
A complete list of the authors and writings present in the subsequent editions of the index are listed in J. Martinez de Bujanda, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966, Geneva, 2002.
The Index includes entries for single or multiple works by an author, all works by an author in a given genre or dealing with a given topic. The scope of the prohibition is defined by a Latin phrase in the Index:
- Omnia opera dramatica: all plays
- Omnes fabulae amatoriae: all novels, or romances
- Opera omnia theologica: all theological works
- Opera omnia: all works (see note below)
The Index includes entries banning all works of a particular writer. Most of these were inserted in the Index at a time when the Index itself stated that the prohibition of someone’s “opera omnia” (all his works) did not cover works whose contents did not concern religion and were not forbidden by the general rules of the Index, but this explanation was omitted in the 1929 edition, an omission that was officially interpreted in 1940 as meaning that thenceforth “opera omnia” covered all the author’s works without exception.[2]
Contents
List of authors and works in the final edition, with later additions
This is a selected list of the authors and works appearing in the final published edition of the Index in 1948, with later additions until the Index was discontinued in 1966.
Banned | Name | Works | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
1600 | Bruno, Giordano | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1626, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1672 |
Grotius, Hugo | Opera omnia theologica; De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra (pub. 1647); Annales et historiae de rebus belgicis (pub. 1657); +6 more |
Beacon |
1645 | Browne, Thomas | Religio medici; the religion of a physician | Beacon |
1649 | Hobbes, Thomas | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1657, 1789 | Pascal, Blaise | Lettres provinciales (1657); Pensées (pub. 1670), with notes by Voltaire |
Beacon |
1659 | Calvin, John | Lexicon iuridicum iuris caesarei simul et canonici | Beacon |
1663 | Descartes, René | Meditations (1641); Les passions de l'âme (1649); Opera philosophica. Donec corrig.; +4 more |
Beacon |
1667 | Leti, Gregorio | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1668 | Bacon, Francis | De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum libri IX. Donec corrig. | Beacon |
1676 | Montaigne, Michel de | Essays | Beacon |
1679, 1690 | Spinoza, Baruch | Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1677); Opera posthuma |
Beacon |
1684 | Eriugena, Johannes Scotus | De divisione naturae libri quinque diu desiderati | Beacon |
1689, 1707, 1712 | Malebranche, Nicolas | Traité de la nature et de la grace (1680); Traité de morale (1684); +4 more |
Beacon |
1694 | Milton, John | Literae pseudo-senatus anglicani, Cromwellii reliquorumque perduellium nomine ac iussu conscriptae (1676) | Beacon |
1703 | La Fontaine, Jean de | Contes et Nouvelles | Beacon |
1717 | Maimonides | 'Tractate on Idolatry from the Mishneh Torah with notes by Dionysius Vossius' | Beacon |
1729 | Addison, Joseph | Remarks on Several Parts of Italy (1705; revised 1718) | Beacon |
1734, 1737 | Locke, John | An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689); The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures (1695) |
Beacon |
1738 | Swedenborg, Emanuel | Principia (1734) | Beacon |
1742 | Berkeley, George | Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher | Beacon |
1743 | Defoe, Daniel | The Political History of the Devil (1726) | Beacon |
1744 | Richardson, Samuel | Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) | Beacon |
1751, 1762 | Montesquieu | Lettres Persanes (1721); De l'esprit des lois (1748) |
Beacon |
1752, 1753, 1757, 1761, 1762, 1765, 1766, 1768, 1769, 1771, 1773, 1776, 1779 |
Voltaire | Candide (1759); Traité sur la tolérance (1763); Lettres philosophiques (1733; revised 1778); +38 more |
Beacon |
1758, 1804 | Diderot, Denis | Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751-72); Jacques le fataliste et son maître (pub. 1796) |
Beacon |
1758 | d'Alembert, Jean le Rond | Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751-72) | Beacon |
1759, 1774 | Helvétius, Claude Adrien | De l'Esprit (1758); De l'homme, de ses facultés intellectuelles et de son éducation |
Beacon |
1761 | Hume, David | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1762, 1766, 1806, | Rousseau, Jean-Jacques | Emile, ou de l'éducation (1762); Du contrat social (1762); Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse (1761) |
Beacon |
1764 | Kollár, Adam František | De originibus et usu perpetuo potestatis legislatoriae circa sacra apostolicorum regum Ungariae (1764) | Beacon |
1766 | Beccaria, Cesare | Dei Delitti e delle pene (1764) | Beacon |
1783 | Gibbon, Edward | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776-1788) | Beacon |
1815, 1840, 1859, 1863, 1866, 1896 |
Michelet, Jules | 6 titles | Beacon |
1817 | Darwin, Erasmus | Zoonomia; or The Laws of Organic Life (1794) | Beacon |
1819 | Sterne, Laurence | A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) | Beacon |
1827 | Condorcet, Nicholas de | Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (1794) | Beacon |
1827 | Kant, Immanuel | Critique of Pure Reason (1781; revised 1787) | Beacon |
1828 | Stendhal | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | Beacon |
1834, 1837, 1838, 1841, 1843, 1846, |
Lamennais, Hugues Felicité Robert de | 7 works | Beacon |
1834 | Casanova, Giacomo | Mémoires | Beacon |
1835 | Bentham, Jeremy | Deontology, or The science of morality (1834); +3 more |
Beacon |
1836 | Heine, Heinrich | Reisebilder; De l'Allemagne; De la France |
Beacon |
1840 | Sand, George | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | Beacon |
1841 | Balzac, Honoré de | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | Beacon |
1849 | Gioberti, Vincenzo | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1852 | Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1856 | Mill, John Stuart | Principles of Political Economy (1848) | Beacon |
1859, 1860, 1863, 1866, 1869, 1877, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1891, 1892, |
Renan, Ernest | 19 titles | Beacon |
1863, 1880 | Dumas, Alexandre (fils) | Omnes fabulae amatoriae; La question du divorce |
Beacon |
1863 | Dumas, Alexandre (père) | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | Beacon |
1864 | Comte, Auguste | Cours de philosophie positive | Beacon |
1864 | Flaubert, Gustave | Madame Bovary (1856); Salammbô (1862) |
Beacon |
1873 | Larousse, Pierre | Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (1866-76) | Beacon |
1876 | Draper, John William | History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) | Beacon |
1894 | Zola, Émile | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1911, 1928, 1935, 1939 |
D'Annunzio, Gabriele | Omnia opera dramatica; Omnes fabulae amatoriae; +3 more |
Beacon |
1914 | Bergson, Henri | Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience; Matière et mémoire; essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit; L'évolution créatrice |
Beacon |
1914 | Maeterlinck, Maurice | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1922 | France, Anatole | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1931 | van de Velde, Theodoor Hendrik | Het volkomen huwelijk (1926) | Beacon |
1948 | Sartre, Jean-Paul | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1952 | Gide, André | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1952 | Moravia, Alberto | Opera omnia | Beacon |
1953 | Kazantzakis, Nikos | The Last Temptation of Christ (1955) | Beacon |
1956 | de Beauvoir, Simone | The Second Sex (1949); The Mandarins (1954) |
Beacon |
Reversals and non-inclusions
There have been cases of reversal with respect to works that were on the Index, such as those of Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei: "The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718 when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence. In 1741 Pope Benedict XIV authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works which included a mildly censored version of the Dialogue. In 1758 the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of prohibited books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained. All traces of official opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835 when these works were finally dropped from the Index."[citation needed]
Not on the Index were Aristophanes, Juvenal, John Cleland, James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence. According to Wallace et al., this was because the primary criterion for banning the work was anticlericalism, blasphemy and heresy.
Some authors whose views are generally unacceptable to the Church (e.g. Karl Marx or Adolf Hitler) were never put on the Index; nor was Charles Darwin (see Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church).[3][4]
Works that were included in the Index, and later removed, include:
Banned | Name | Works | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
1585 | Dante Alighieri | De Monarchia (1312-13)? | |
1616 to 1835 | Nicolaus Copernicus | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) | |
to 1835 | Johannes Kepler | Astronomia nova (1609); Harmonices Mundi (1619); Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1617-21) |
|
Sade | Justine (1791); Juliette (1797-1801) |
||
Madame de Staël | Corinne, ou l'Italie (1807) | ||
until 1959 | Victor Hugo | Notre Dame de Paris (1831); Les Misérables (1862) |
- Libri Carolini, supposedly by Charlemagne
- Rabelais[5]
- Allan Kardec (The Spirits Book)
References
- ↑ "Galileo and Books", Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Cambridge
- ↑ Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, Index librorum prohibitorum: 1600-1966 (Droz 2002 ISBN 2-600-00818-7), p. 36
- ↑ Vatican opens up secrets of Index of Forbidden Books.
- ↑ Heneghan, Tom, "Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books", America, The National Catholic Weekly, February 7, 2005
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. |
- Searchable database of Index Librorum Prohibitorum at Beacon for Freedom of Expression
- Facsimile of the 1559 index
- The complete list of banned books in 1948
- List of famous authors in the index