List of birds
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This page lists living orders and families of birds. The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species.
Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of DNA analysis, so comments are made where appropriate, and all numbers are approximate. In particular see Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for a very different classification.
Contents
- 1 Phylogeny
- 2 Paleognathae
- 3 Neognathae
- 3.1 Galloanserae
- 3.2 Neoaves
- 3.3 Eurypygiformes
- 3.4 Phaethontiformes
- 3.5 Gaviiformes
- 3.6 Sphenisciformes
- 3.7 Procellariiformes
- 3.8 Ciconiiformes
- 3.9 Pelecaniformes
- 3.10 Suliformes
- 3.11 Accipitriformes
- 3.12 Strigiformes
- 3.13 Coliiformes
- 3.14 Trogoniformes
- 3.15 Coraciiformes
- 3.16 Bucerotiformes
- 3.17 Leptosomatiformes
- 3.18 Piciformes
- 3.19 Cariamiformes
- 3.20 Falconiformes
- 3.21 Psittaciformes
- 3.22 Passeriformes
- 4 Simplified classification
- 5 See also
- 6 References
Phylogeny
Cladogram of modern bird relationships based on Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[1] with some clade names after Yury, T. et al. (2013).[2]
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Paleognathae
The flightless and mostly giant Struthioniformes lack a keeled sternum and are collectively known as ratites. Together with the Tinamiformes, they form the Paleognathae or "old jaws", one of the two evolutionary superorders.
Struthioniformes
Africa; 2 species.
- Struthionidae: ostrich
Notopalaeognathae
Rheiformes
South America; 2 species.
- Rheidae: rheas
Tinamiformes
South America; 45 species.
- Tinamidae: tinamous
Novaeratitae
Casuariiformes
Australasia; 4 species.
- Casuariidae: cassowaries
- Dromaiidae: emu
Apterygiformes
Australasia; 5 species.
- Apterygidae: kiwis
Neognathae
Nearly all living birds belong to the superorder of Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keels, unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae. The passerines alone account for well over 5000 species. In total there are almost 8640 species of birds worldwide.
Galloanserae
Anseriformes
Worldwide; 150 species.
Order Galliformes
Worldwide; 250 species.
- Megapodidae: megapodes
- Cracidae: chachalacas, curassows, and guans
- Phasianoidea: pheasants and allies
- Odontophoridae: New World quail
- Numididae: guineafowl
- Phasianidae: pheasants and relatives
Neoaves
Columbea
Mirandornithes
Podicipediformes
Worldwide; 19 species
- Podicipedidae: grebes
Phoenicopteriformes
Worldwide; 6 species.
- Phoenicopteridae: flamingos
Columbimorphae
Columbiformes
Worldwide; 300 species.
- Columbidae: pigeons and doves
Pteroclidiformes
Africa, Europe, Asia; 16 species
- Pteroclididae: sandgrouse
Mesitornithiformes
Madagascar; 3 species
- Mesitornithidae: mesites
Passerea
Caprimulgiformes
Worldwide; 500 species.
- Steatornithidae: oilbird
- Podargidae: frogmouths
- Nyctibiidae: potoos
- Caprimulgidae: nightjars
- Aegothelidae: owlet-nightjars
- Trochilidae: hummingbirds
- Apodidae: swifts
- Hemiprocnidae: treeswifts
Otidimorphae
Cuculiformes
Worldwide; 126 species.
- Cuculidae: cuckoos and relatives
Musophagiformes
Africa; 23 species.
- Musophagidae: turacos and relatives
Otidiformes
Africa and Eurasia; 27 species
- Otididae: bustards
Opisthocomiformes
South America; 1 species.
- Opisthocomidae: hoatzin
Cursorimorphae
Gruiformes
Worldwide; 164 species.
- Grui: cranes and allies
- Gruidae: cranes
- Aramidae: limpkin
- Psophiidae: trumpeters
- Ralli: rails and allies
- Rallidae: rails and relatives
- Sarothruridae flufftails
- Heliornithidae: finfoots
Charadriiformes
Worldwide; 350 species
- Scolopaci
- Scolopacidae: sandpipers and relatives
- Thinocori: jacana-like waders
- Rostratulidae: painted snipes
- Pluvianidae: Egyptian plover
- Jacanidae: jacanas
- Thinocoridae: seedsnipes
- Pedionomidae: plains-wanderer
- Turnici
- Turnicidae: buttonquail
- Lari: gulls and allies
- Laridae: gulls
- Rhynchopidae: skimmers
- Sternidae: terns
- Alcidae: auks
- Stercorariidae: skuas and jaegers
- Glareolidae: coursers and pratincoles
- Dromadidae: crab-plover
- Chionidi: thick-knees and allies
- Burhinidae: thick-knees and relatives
- Chionididae: sheathbills
- Pluvianellidae: Magellanic plover
- Charadrii: plover-like waders
- Ibidorhynchidae: ibisbill
- Recurvirostridae: avocets and stilts
- Haematopodidae: oystercatchers
- Charadriidae: plovers and lapwings
Eurypygiformes
Neotropics and New Caledonia; 2 species.
- Rhynochetidae: kagu
- Eurypygidae: sunbittern
Phaethontiformes
Oceanic; 3 species.
- Phaethontidae: tropicbirds
Gaviiformes
North America, Eurasia; 5 species.
- Gaviidae: loons
Sphenisciformes
Antarctic and southern waters; 17 species.
- Spheniscidae: penguins
Procellariiformes
Pan-oceanic; 120 species.
- Diomedeidae: albatrosses
- Procellariidae: petrels and relatives
- Pelecanoididae: diving petrels
- Hydrobatidae: storm petrels
Ciconiiformes
Worldwide; 19 species.
- Ciconiidae: storks
Pelecaniformes
Worldwide; 108 species.
- Balaenicipitidae: shoebill
- Scopidae: hamerkop
- Pelecanidae: pelicans
- Ardeidae: herons and relatives
- Threskiornithidae: ibises and spoonbills
Suliformes
Worldwide; 59 species.
- Phalacrocoracidae: cormorants and shags
- Fregatidae: frigatebirds
- Sulidae: boobies and gannets
- Anhingidae: darters
Accipitriformes
Worldwide; 200 species.
- Cathartidae: New World vultures
- Pandionidae: osprey
- Accipitridae: hawks, eagles, buzzards, harriers, kites and Old World vultures
- Sagittaridae: secretarybird
Strigiformes
Worldwide; 130 species.
Coliiformes
Sub-Saharan Africa; 6 species.
- Coliidae: mousebirds
Trogoniformes
Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, Asia; 35 species.
- Trogonidae: trogons and quetzals
Coraciiformes
Worldwide; 144 species.
- Meropidae: bee-eaters
- Coraciidae: rollers
- Brachypteraciidae: ground rollers
- Todidae: todies
- Momotidae: motmots
- Alcedines: kingfishers
- Alcedinidae: river kingfishers
- Halcyonidae: tree kingfishers
- Cerylidae: water kingfishers
Bucerotiformes
Old World, New Guinea; 64 species.
- Bucerotidae: hornbills
- Upupidae: hoopoe
- Phoeniculidae: woodhoopoes
Leptosomatiformes
Madagascar; 1 species.
- Leptosomatidae: cuckoo-roller
Piciformes
Worldwide except Australasia; 400 species.
- Galbulidae: jacamars
- Bucconidae: puffbirds
- Lybiidae: African barbets
- Megalaimidae: Asian barbets
- Ramphastidae: toucans
- Semnornithidae: toucan barbets
- Capitonidae: American barbets
- Picidae: woodpeckers
- Indicatoridae: honeyguides
Cariamiformes
South America; 2 species.
- Cariamidae: seriemas
Falconiformes
Worldwide; 60 species.
- Falconidae: falcons and relatives
Psittaciformes
Pan-tropical, southern temperate zones; 330 species.
- Nestoridae: kea and kakas
- Strigopidae: kakapo
- Cacatuidae: cockatoos
- Psittacidae: African and American parrots
- Psittrichasiidae: Pesquet's parrot, vasa parrots
- Psittaculidae: Australasian parrots
Passeriformes
Worldwide; 5000 species.
- Acanthisitti
- Acanthisittidae: New Zealand wrens
- Tyranni: suboscines
- Eurylaimidae: broadbills
- Philepittidae: asities
- Pittidae: pittas
- Sapayoidae: sapayoa
- Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers
- Tityridae: becards and tityras
- Furnariidae: ovenbirds
- Thamnophilidae: antbirds
- Formicariidae: ground antbirds
- Rhinocryptidae tapaculos
- Grallariidae: antpittas
- Conopophagidae: gnateaters
- Cotingidae: cotingas
- Pipridae: manakins
- Melanopareiidae: crescent-chests
- Passeri: oscines
- Atrichornithidae: scrub-birds
- Menuridae: lyrebirds
- Alaudidae: larks
- Hirundinidae: swallows and martins
- Motacillidae: wagtails and pipits
- Campephagidae: cuckoo-shrikes
- Eupetidae: rail-babbler
- Pycnonotidae: bulbuls
- Regulidae: kinglets
- Hyliotidae: hyliotas
- Chloropseidae: leafbirds
- Aegithinidae: ioras
- Ptilogonatidae: silky-flycatchers
- Bombycillidae: waxwings
- Hypocoliidae: hypocolius
- Dulidae: palmchat
- Cinclidae: dippers
- Troglodytidae: wrens
- Donacobiidae: donacobius
- Mimidae: mockingbirds and thrashers
- Prunellidae: accentors
- Turdidae: thrushes and relatives
- Cisticolidae: cisticolas and relatives
- Sylviidae: true warblers
- Stenostiridae: fairy warblers
- Macrosphenidae: African warblers
- Cettiidae: bush warblers
- Phylloscopidae: leaf warblers
- Megaluridae: grass warblers
- Acrocephalidae: marsh warblers
- Bernieridae: Malagasy warblers
- Pnoepygidae: pygmy wren-babblers
- Polioptilidae: gnatcatchers
- Muscicapidae: flycatchers and relatives
- Platysteiridae: wattle-eyes and batises
- Petroicidae: Australasian robins
- Pachycephalidae: whistlers and relatives
- Colluricinclidae: shrike-thrushes and relatives
- Picathartidae: rockfowl
- Chaetopidae: rock-jumpers
- Timaliidae: babblers and relatives
- Panuridae: bearded reedling
- Nicatoridae: nicators
- Pomatostomidae: Australasian babblers
- Orthonychidae: logrunners
- Cinclosomatidae: whipbirds and quail-thrushes
- Aegithalidae: bushtits
- Maluridae: Australasian wrens
- Neosittidae: sittellas
- Climacteridae: Australasian treecreepers
- Paridae: chickadees and true tits
- Sittidae: nuthatches
- Tichodromidae: wallcreeper
- Certhiidae: treecreepers
- Rhabdornithidae: Philippine creepers
- Remizidae: penduline tits
- Nectariniidae: sunbirds
- Melanocharitidae: berrypeckers
- Paramythiidae: painted berrypeckers
- Dicaeidae: flowerpeckers
- Dasyornithidae: bristlebirds
- Pardalotidae: pardalotes
- Acanthizidae: Australasian warblers
- Zosteropidae: white-eyes
- Promeropidae: sugarbirds
- Meliphagidae: honeyeaters and relatives
- Notiomystidae: stitchbird
- Oriolidae: Old World orioles
- Irenidae: fairy-bluebirds
- Laniidae: shrikes
- Malaconotidae: bushshrikes and relatives
- Prionopidae: helmetshrikes and relatives
- Vangidae: vangas
- Dicruridae: drongos
- Rhipiduridae: fantails
- Monarchidae: monarch flycatchers
- Callaeidae: wattlebirds
- Corcoracidae: mudnesters
- Artamidae: woodswallows and butcherbirds
- Pityriaseidae: bristlehead
- Paradisaeidae: birds-of-paradise
- Cnemophilidae: satinbirds
- Ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbirds
- Corvidae: jays and crows
- Sturnidae: starlings and mynas
- Buphagidae: oxpeckers
- Passeridae: Old World sparrows
- Ploceidae: weavers and relatives
- Estrildidae: weaver finches
- Viduidae: whydahs and indigobirds
- Vireonidae: vireos and relatives
- Fringillidae: finches and relatives
- Urocynchramidae: pink-tailed bunting
- Peucedramidae: olive warbler
- Parulidae: wood warblers
- Coerebidae: bananaquit
- Thraupidae: tanagers and relatives
- Emberizidae: Old World buntings and New World sparrows
- Cardinalidae: cardinals, grosbeaks, and New World buntings
- Icteridae: New World blackbirds and New World orioles
Simplified classification
- Struthioniformes, ostriches, emus, kiwis and allies
- Tinamiformes, tinamous
- Anseriformes, waterfowl
- Galliformes, fowl
- Charadriiformes, waders, gulls, and auks
- Gaviiformes, loons
- Podicipediformes, grebes
- Procellariformes, albatrosses, petrels, and allies
- Sphenisciformes, penguins
- Pelecaniformes, pelicans and allies
- Phaethontiformes, tropicbirds
- Ciconiiformes, storks and allies
- Phoenicopteriformes, flamingos
- Falconiformes, hawks, falcons, old world vultures, and allies
- Gruiformes, cranes and allies
- Pteroclidiformes, sangrouse
- Columbiformes, pigeons and doves
- Psittaciformes, parrots
- Cuculiformes, cuckoos and allies
- Opisthocomiformes, hoatzin
- Strigiformes, owls
- Caprimulgiformes, nightjars, frogmouths, and allies
- Apodiformes, swifts and hummingbirds
- Coraciiformes, kingfishers and allies
- Piciformes, woodpeckers and allies
- Trogoniformes, trogons
- Coliiformes, mousebirds
- Passeriformes, passerines
See also
- Lists of animals
- List of birds of the world
- List of African birds
- List of Asian birds
- List of birds of Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica
- List of Australian birds
- List of European birds
- List of North American birds
- List of extinct birds
- Prehistoric birds
- Fossil birds
- List of chicken breeds
- List of birds by common name
- List of historical and fictional birds
For regions smaller than continents see:
References
- ↑ Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
