List of concurrent and parallel programming languages

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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. This article lists concurrent and parallel programming languages, categorizing them by a defining paradigm. A concurrent language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor. Both types are listed as concurrency is a useful tool in expressing parallelism, but it is not necessary. In both cases, the features must be part of the language syntax and not an extension such as a library.

The following categories aim to capture the main, defining feature of the languages contained, but they are not necessarily orthogonal.

Actor model

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Coordination languages

Dataflow programming

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Distributed computing

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Event-driven and hardware description

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Functional programming

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Logic programming

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Monitor-based

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Multi-threaded

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Object-oriented programming

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Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS)

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Message passing

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CSP based

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APIs/Frameworks

These application programming interfaces support parallelism in host languages.

See also