List of cuisines of the Americas

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This is a list of cuisines of the Americas. A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions,[1] often associated with a specific culture. The cuisines found across North and South America are based on the cuisines of the countries from which the immigrant peoples came, primarily Europe. However, the traditional European cuisine has been adapted by the addition of many local ingredients, and many techniques have been added to the tradition as well.

North American cuisine

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A sirloin steak dinner
Creole Jambalaya with shrimp, ham, tomato, and Andouille sausage
  • American cuisine (USA) – is a style of food preparation derived from the United States. The cuisine has a history dating back before the colonial period when the Native Americans had a rich and diverse cooking style for an equally diverse amount of ingredients. With European colonization, the style of cookery changed vastly, with numerous ingredients introduced from Europe, as well as cooking styles and modern cookbooks. The style of cookery continued to expand into the 19th and 20th centuries with the influx of immigrants from various nations across the world. This influx has created a rich diversity and a unique regional character throughout the country. In addition to cookery, cheese and wine play an important role in the cuisine. The wine industry is regulated by American Viticultural Areas (AVA) (regulated appellation), similar to those laws found in countries such as France and Italy.
  • Southwestern American cuisine is food styled after the rustic cooking of the Southwestern United States. It comprises a fusion of recipes for things that might have been eaten by Spanish colonial settlers, cowboys, Native Americans,[16] and Mexicans throughout the post-Columbian era. there is, however, a great diversity in this type of cuisine throughout the Southwestern states.
  • Western American cuisine can be distinct in various ways compared to the rest of the U.S.[17] Those states west of Texas, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska would be considered part of this area, as would, in some cases, western parts of adjoining states.[18] The concept of obtaining foods locally is increasingly influential, as is the concept of sustainability.[19] The influence of the Native American cultures of each area, but especially in the Northwest and in Navajo country,[20] is important in the cuisine picture of the Western United States.[21]
  • Other
  • Regional foods and cuisines
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A traditional chile relleno stuffed with jack cheese and breaded with corn masa flour. This is a Mexican dish that originated in the city of Puebla.
  • Mexican cuisine - Mexican food varies by region because of Mexico's large size[24] and diversity,[25] different climates and geography, ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees. The north of Mexico is known for its beef, goat and ostrich production and meat dishes, in particular the well-known arrachera cut. The food staples of Mexican cuisine are typically corn and beans. Corn is used to make masa, a dough for tamales, tortillas, gorditas, and many other corn-based foods. Corn is also eaten fresh, as corn on the cob and as a component of a number of dishes. Squash and chili peppers also prominent in Mexican cuisine. Honey is an important ingredient in many Mexican dishes, such as the rosca de miel, a bundt-like cake, and in beverages such as balché. Mexican cuisine was added by UNESCO to its lists of the world's "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".[26]
  • By region
Mexico's six regions differ greatly in their cuisines. In the Yucatán, achiote seasoning is commonly used, which is a sweet red sauce with a slight peppery flavor, made from seeds of the tropical annatto plant and sour orange.[27] In contrast, the Oaxacan region is known for its savory tamales, moles,[28] and simple tlayudas, while the mountainous regions of the West (Jalisco, etc.) are known for goat birria (goat in a spicy tomato-based sauce).
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Tacos made with carnitas filling
Central Mexico's cuisine is influenced by the rest of the country, and also has unique dishes such as barbacoa, pozole, menudo and carnitas.
Southeastern Mexico is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico has a considerable Caribbean influence due to its location. Seafood is commonly prepared in states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes, à la veracruzana.
In pueblos or villages, there are also more exotic dishes, cooked in the Aztec or Mayan style (known as comida prehispánica) with ingredients ranging from iguana to rattlesnake, deer, spider monkey, chapulines, ant eggs, and other kinds of insects.
More recently, Baja Med cuisine has developed in Tijuana and elsewhere in Baja California, combining Mexican with Mediterranean flavors.
Recently other cuisines of the world have acquired popularity in Mexico, thus adopting a Mexican fusion. For example, sushi in Mexico is often made with a variety of sauces based on mango or tamarind, and very often served with serrano-chili-blended soy sauce, or complimented with habanero and chipotle peppers.
  • Regional foods

Central American cuisine

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Sopa de pata is a popular soup in El Salvador made from cow tripe, plantain, corn, tomatoes, cabbage and spices.
The Anafre is commonly served in Honduras. String cheese Quesillo is melted in a clay pot over hot charcoals, usually with fried beans, spicy Chorizo sausage or mushrooms, and tortilla chips for dipping.
  • Belizean cuisineis an amalgamation of all the ethnicities in the nation of Belize, and their respective wide variety of foods.[36] Culinary influences include Mayan, Garifuna, Spanish, Creole, Chinese, British, Caribbean, and American.[36] Beans, tortillas, cheese, chicken, rice and seafood are common in the cuisine.[36]
  • Costa Rican cuisine - a common dish is gallo pinto, which is rice and black beans.[37] Tortillas, plantains, fish, beef and chicken are part of the cuisine.[37] Casado is a traditional dish comprising meat served with tortillas and side items such as black beans and rice, or gallo pinto.[37] Refrescos in Costa Rica refers to cold fruit smoothie beverages made with fruit and milk or water.[37]
  • Salvadoran cuisine consists of food from the Maya, Lenca, and Pipil people. The cuisine is also influenced by Spanish cuisine.[38] Empanadas, tamales and pupusas are widespread, and seafood is common because of San Salvador's extensive coastline.[38]
  • Guatemalan cuisine was influenced by the Mayan Empire, Spanish rule and the current modernized country.[35] Guatemala has 22 departments (or divisions), each of which has varying food varieties.
  • Honduran cuisine is a fusion of African, Spanish, and indigenous cuisine. Coconut is used in both sweet and savory dishes. Regional specialties include fried fish, tamales,[39] carne asada and baleadas. Common dishes include grilled meats, tortillas, rice and beans.[39] Seafood is common in the Bay Islands and on the Caribbean coast.[39]
  • Nicaraguan cuisine is a mixture of Spanish, Creole, Garifuna and indigenous cuisines and foods.[40] When the Spaniards first arrived in Nicaragua they found that the Creole people present had incorporated foods available in the area into their cuisine.[41] Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian and Spanish influenced cuisine, traditional cuisine changes from the Pacific to the Caribbean coast. While the Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast's cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut. Traditional Nicaraguan foods include beans, corn, plantains, peppers and yucca.[40]
  • Panamanian cuisine is both unique and rich. As a land bridge between two continents, Panama possesses an unusual variety of tropical fruits, vegetables and herbs that are used in native cooking. Panamanian cuisine is a unique mix of African, Caribbean, Spanish and Native American cooking and dishes.[42]
  • Regional foods
The sweet potato is native to Central America and was domesticated there at least 5,000 years ago.[43]

South American cuisine

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Asado with achuras (offal) and sausages. Asado is a term for barbecuing and the social event of having or attending a barbecue in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and southern Brazil.
Paila marina is a common fish soup in Chile and other South American countries. A paila is an earthenware bowl.
  • Argentinian cuisine may be referred to as a cultural blending of indigenous Mediterranean influences (such as those exerted by Italian-Spanish and Arabic populations) with the wide scope of livestock and agricultural products which are abundant in the country.[45]
  • Brazilian cuisine, like Brazil itself, varies greatly by region. The natural crops available in each region add to their singularity. Some typical dishes are caruru, which consists of okra, onion, dried shrimp and toasted nuts (peanuts or cashews) cooked with palm oil until a spread-like consistency is reached and moqueca capixaba, consisting of slow-cooked fish, tomato, onion and garlic topped with cilantro.
  • Chilean cuisine stems mainly from the combination of Spanish cuisine with traditional Chilean ingredients, with later influences from other European cuisines, particularly from Germany, Italy, Croatia, France and the Middle East. The food tradition and recipes in Chile stand out due to the varieties in flavors and colors. The country's long coastline and the Chilean peoples' relationship with the sea adds an immense array of ocean products to the variety of the food in Chile. The country's waters are home to unique species of fish and shellfish such as the Chilean sea bass, loco and picoroco.
  • Colombian cuisine refers to the cooking traditions and practices of Colombia. Along with other cultural expressions of national identity, Colombian cuisine varies among its many distinct regions.[46] Colombians typically eat three meals a day: a large breakfast, a medium lunch between 12-2, and a light dinner.[47] Colombian coffee is well known for its high standards in taste compared to others.
  • Ecuadorian cuisine is diverse, varying with altitude and associated agricultural conditions. Pork, chicken, beef, and cuy (guinea pig) are popular in the mountain regions and are served with a variety of carbohydrate-rich foods, especially rice, corn and potatoes. A popular street food in mountain regions is hornado, consisting of potatoes served with roasted pig.
  • Paraguayan cuisine is similar to the cuisines in Uruguay and the Falkland Islands.[48] Cuisine of Paraguay, Uruguay and the Falkland Islands, Guarani and European Influences.[49] Meats, vegetables, manioc,[50] maize[50] and fruits are common in Paraguayan cuisine.[48] Barbecuing is both a cooking technique and often a social event, and are known as Asados.
  • Peruvian cuisine reflects local cooking practices and ingredients—and, through immigration, influences from Spanish, Chinese, Italian, West African, and Japanese cuisine. Many traditional foods—such as quinoa, kiwicha, chili peppers, and several roots and tubers have increased in popularity in recent decades, reflecting a revival of interest in native Peruvian foods and culinary techniques.
  • Uruguayan cuisine is traditionally based on its European roots, in particular, Mediterranean food from Italy, Spain, Portugal and France, but also from countries such as Germany and Britain, along with African and indigenous mixtures. The national drink is the Grappamiel.
  • Venezuelan cuisine - Due to its location in the world, its diversity of industrial resources and the cultural diversity of the Venezuelan people, Venezuelan cuisine often varies greatly from one region to another; however, its cuisine, traditional as well as modern, has strong ties to its European ancestry.

Caribbean cuisine

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Mofongo is a Caribbean dish made with plantains.
Jamaican jerk spice chicken, rice, plantain and a honey biscuit
  • Caribbean cuisine is a fusion of African,[51] West African, Amerindian, British,[51] Spanish,[51] French,[51] Dutch,[51] Indian and Chinese cuisines. These traditions were brought from the many homelands of this region's population.[51] In addition, the population has created from this vast wealth of tradition many styles that are unique to the region. Seafood is one of the most common cuisine types in the islands, though this is certainly due in part to their location. Each island will likely have its own specialty. Some prepare lobster or conch, while others prefer certain types of fish or sharks.

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  • Regional foods
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Latin American cuisine

  • Latin American cuisine – incorporates influences from all over the world. Most came due to colonization and the resulting mixtures among the Native Americans, European immigrants, and African slaves. Different waves of immigration (Some resulting from wars, such as World War II) have also had a hand in this mixture, mainly in the form of immigrants from central and eastern Europe and from east Asia (mainly China and Japan).
    • Central American cuisine – see above
    • South American cuisine – see above
    • Caribbean cuisine – see above

See also

References

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  2. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Also published as "Canadian cuisine a smorgasbord of regional flavours"
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  14. "Michigan/Great Lakes Region." Community Based Food and Farming. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems at Michigan State University. Accessed July 2011.
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  17. "Western USA." Allrecipes.com. Accessed July 2011.
  18. "Cuisine of the West Coast." Allrecipes.com. Accessed July 2011.
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  20. "Navajo Food." Navajo-arts.com. Accessed July 2011.
  21. "Native American cuisine goes gourmet." The CBS Interactive Business Network. Accessed July 2011.
  22. "The birth of California cuisine is generally traced back to Alice Waters in the 1970s and her restaurant Chez Panisse. Waters introduced the idea of using natural, locally grown fresh ingredients to produce her dishes. California cuisine is... local, based like most traditional regional cooking on available ingredients including abundant seafood. Fresh vegetables, lightly cooked, and fresh fruits, berries, and herbs characterize the cuisine generally, but California cooking is also in fact a fusion of cooking from around the world." Benjamin F. Shearer Culture and Customs of the United States Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007 ISBN 0-313-33877-9, 440, page 212
  23. A taste of Seattle: A Pacific Northwest culinary pilgrimage Janis Cooke Newman, San Francisco Chronicle, 10-21-01
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  36. 36.0 36.1 36.2 "Belize Food and Drink." Gocentralamerica.about.com. Accessed July 2011.
  37. 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 "Costa Rica Food and Drink." Gocentralamerica.about.com. Accessed July 2011.
  38. 38.0 38.1 "El Salvador Food and Drink." Gocentralamerica.about.com. Accessed July 2011.
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 "Honduras Food and Drink." Gocentralamerica.about.com. Accessed July 2011.
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  43. Sweet Potato, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
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  48. 48.0 48.1 Cuisine of Paraguay, Uruguay and the Falkland Islands
  49. Gosouthamerica.about.com. Accessed July 2011.
  50. 50.0 50.1 "Paraguay, the Country of Cassava." Consumer.es. Accessed July 2011. (Spanish)
  51. 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 "Cuisine." (Caribbean.) Bahamabreeze.com. Accessed July 2011.