List of heads of state of Sudan

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President of the Republic of the Sudan
رئيس جمهورية السودان
Presidential Standard of Sudan.svg
Residence Republican Palace
Khartoum, Sudan
Term length 39 months[1]
Formation 17 November 1958
First holder Five-member Sovereignty Council (collective presidency)
Salary 29,320 USD annually[2]
Website www.presidency.gov.sd/eng/

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This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956.

History of the office

Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan, currently under the title President of the Republic of the Sudan. Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As such, executive power was vested in a dyarchy consisting of both countries' heads of state – at the time of independence, the Queen of the United Kingdom (Elizabeth II) and the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council (headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser). Immediately following independence, the role of head of state was filled by a five-member Sovereignty Council, with rival nationalist factions unable to agree on a single candidate. In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d'état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime. Abboud was succeeded by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.

Ismail al-Azhari, the leader of the National Unionist Party, was made president in July 1965; he ruled with limited power until he was deposed in a 1969 military coup. The military officers responsible for the coup established the National Revolutionary Command Council, chaired by Jaafar Nimeiry. Nimeiry, the leader of the newly formed Sudanese Socialist Union, assumed the position of president in 1971, and subsequently established a one-party state, which existed until 1985, when a group of military officers overthrew his government and established the 1985 Transitional Military Council, led by Field Marshal Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab. Ahmed al-Mirghani succeeded to the relatively powerless position of Chairman of the Supreme Council in 1986, after multi-party election held that year. He was deposed in a 1989 military coup led by Lieutenant-General Omar al-Bashir. Al-Bashir served as head of state, under the title of Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation from 1989 to 1993 and as president from 1993 to 2019 (and from 1996 as the leader of the National Congress Party). Al-Bashir was removed from power by the Sudanese Armed Forces on 11 April 2019, amid the Sudanese Revolution after holding the office for nearly 30 years. Lieutenant-General Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf took control of Sudan without becoming head of state, established the 2019 Transitional Military Council, but resigned the following day in favor of Lieutenant-General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.[3] The Transitional Military Council was replaced with the Sovereignty Council on 20 August 2019, under the chairmanship of al-Burhan. The Sovereignty Council, an 11-member civilian-military collective head of state, is designed to lead the country for 39 months in the transition to democracy, which is supposed to end with the next general election.[4] The Sovereignty Council was dissolved by al-Burhan on 25 October 2021, following a successful coup attempt.[5]

Titles of heads of state

Heads of state of Sudan (1956–present)

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
1 90px Sovereignty Council
[lower-alpha 1]
1 January 1956 17 November 1958
(deposed.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Multipartisan
style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color;" | 2 AABOUD.jpg Ibrahim Abboud
(1900–1983)
17 November 1958 16 November 1964
(resigned.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military
style="background:Template:National Umma Party/meta/color;" | Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa.jpg Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
(1919–2006)
Acting President
16 November 1964 3 December 1964 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. National Umma Party
3 90px First Committee of Sovereignty
[lower-alpha 2]
3 December 1964 10 June 1965 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Multipartisan
4 90px Second Committee of Sovereignty
[lower-alpha 3]
10 June 1965 8 July 1965 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Multipartisan
5 Ismail al-Azahri.jpg Ismail al-Azhari
(1900–1969)
8 July 1965 25 May 1969
(deposed.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Democratic Unionist Party

Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)

style="background:Template:Sudanese Socialist Union/meta/color;" | 6 90px Jaafar Nimeiry
(1928–2009)
[lower-alpha 4]
1971[lower-alpha 5]
1977
1983
25 May 1969 6 April 1985
(deposed.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military /
Sudanese Socialist Union
style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color;" | 7 Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab.png Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
(1934–2018)
6 April 1985 10 October 1985[6] Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military

Republic of the Sudan (1985–present)

style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color;" | (7) Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab.png Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
(1934–2018)
10 October 1985[6] 6 May 1986[lower-alpha 6] Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military
8 No image.png Ahmed al-Mirghani
(1941–2008)
6 May 1986 30 June 1989
(deposed.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Democratic Unionist Party
style="background:Template:National Congress Party (Sudan)/meta/color;" | 9 90px Omar al-Bashir
(born 1944)
1996
2000
2010
2015
30 June 1989 11 April 2019
(deposed.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military /
National Congress Party
style="background:Template:National Congress Party (Sudan)/meta/color;" | 10 90px Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
(born 1957)
11 April 2019 12 April 2019
(resigned.)
Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military /
National Congress Party
style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color;" | 11 90px Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
(born 1960)
12 April 2019 20 August 2019 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military
12 Emblem of Sudan.svg Sovereignty Council
[lower-alpha 7]
20 August 2019 25 October 2021 Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Multipartisan
(FFC and TMC)
style="background:Template:Military rule/meta/color;" | (11) 90px Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
(born 1960)
25 October 2021 Incumbent Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. Military

Timeline

Latest election

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Candidate Party Votes %
Omar al-Bashir National Congress 5,252,478 94.05
Fadl el-Sayed Shuiab Federal Truth Party 79,779 1.43
Fatima Abdel Mahmoud Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union 47,653 0.85
Mohamed Elhassan Mohamed National Reform Party 42,399 0.76
Abdul Mahmoud Abdul Jabar Rahamtalla Union of the Nation's Forces 41,134 0.74
Hamdi Hassan Ahmed Independent 18,043 0.32
Mohamed Ahmed Abdul Gadir Al Arbab Independent 16,966 0.30
Yasser Yahiya Salih Abdul Gadir Independent 16,609 0.30
Khairi Bakhit Independent 11,852 0.21
Adel Dafalla Jabir Independent 9,435 0.17
Mohamed Awad Al Barow Independent 9,388 0.17
Asad Al Nil Adel Yassin Al Saafi Independent 9,359 0.17
Alam Al Huda Ahmed Osman Mohamed Ali Independent 8,133 0.15
Ahmed Al Radhi Jadalla Salem Independent 7,751 0.14
Isaam Al Ghali Tajj Eddin Ali Independent 7,587 0.14
Omar Awad Al Karim Hussein Ali Independent 6,297 0.11
Invalid/blank votes 506,549
Total 6,091,412 100
Registered voters/turnout 13,126,989 46.40
Source: NEC

Notes

See also

References

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  6. 6.0 6.1 [1]
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External links

Template:Presidents of Sudan