List of hybrid vehicles

For electric-drive vehicles that can recharge their batteries from an external source of electricity using a plug, see list of modern production plug-in electric vehicles.

This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

The Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline-electric hybrid automobile.

This is a list of hybrid vehicles, including both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids in chronological order of first production:

Automobiles

This transport-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Early designs: 1899-1917

• 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.
• 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles.
• 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner Porsche, a series of gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain. These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
• 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol-electric omnibus in the USA and in London, including battery storage.
• 1907: AL (French car)
• 1917: Woods Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.

Year	Company	Name	Type	Comments
Pre-1950
1899	Jacob Lohner & Co.		Automobile
1900	Pieper of Belgium		Automobile
1901	Jacob Lohner & Co.	Lohner Porsche	Automobile
1905	Fischer Motor Vehicle Co.	Petrol-electric Omnibus	Bus
1906	Auto-Mixte		Automobile	Pieper patent
1907	AL (French car)		Automobile
1911		Tilling-Stevens TTA1 petrol-electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)	Bus	Petrol-electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running.
1917		Woods Dual Power Car	Automobile
1950s
1951	Compagnie Normande d'Etudes	Arbel	Automobile	A petrol-electric hybrid powered on the Lohner-Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.
1960s
1969	Mercedes-Benz	Mercedes-Benz OE 302	Bus
1969	General Motors	General Motors XP-883	Automobile
1970s
1970	Lviv Bus Factory	LAZ 360EM	Bus	First and last low floor soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and was build in one exemplar.
1972		Towns Microdot	Automobile
1980s
1980	Daihatsu Motor Co.	Daihatsu Charmant Hybrid	Automobile	This four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.
1986		Twike	Automobile	The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the USA (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).
1986	Honda	Gaselle	Automobile	The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.
1990s
1991	Hino	Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR	Bus
1992	Volvo Cars	Volvo ECC	Automobile	Gas turbine-electric
1993	Mitsubishi	Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation	Bus
1993	Hino	Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation	Truck
1995	Nissan	Nissan Diesel UA ERIP	Bus
1996	Isuzu	Isuzu Cubic CHASSE	Bus
1996	Gillig Corporation	Gillig Phantom Hybrid	Bus
1997	Toyota	Toyota Coaster Hybrid EV	Bus	first Japanese series hybrid bus
1997	Toyota	Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)	Automobile
1998	New Flyer Industries	New Flyer H40LF (diesel-electric hybrid bus), 'H' later changed to 'DE'	Bus
1999	Honda	Honda Insight	Automobile
1999	Orion International	Orion VI Hybrid	Bus
2000s
2000	Toyota	Toyota Prius (introduced to US market)	Automobile	1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001-2003 model
2001	Toyota	Toyota Crown	Automobile	mild hybrid, Japan only
2001	Toyota	Toyota Estima (Japan only)	Automobile
2002	Honda	Honda Civic Hybrid	Automobile	mild hybrid, 2003 model
2002?	Mazda	Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)	Automobile
2002	Mitsubishi	Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation	Bus
2002	Nova Bus	Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)	Bus
2002	Motor Coach Industries	MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)	Bus
2002	Wrightbus	Wright Electrocity	Bus
2002	New Flyer Industries	New Flyer DE60LF	Bus
2003	Hino	Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation	Truck
2003	Orion International	Orion VII hybrid bus	Bus
2003	TransBus International	TransBus Enviro200H	Bus
2003	Suzuki	Suzuki Twin	Automobile
2003	Toyota	Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)	Automobile
2003	Toyota	Toyota Prius	Automobile	(5-seat midsize, 2004-2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))
2003	Toyota	Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)	Automobile
2004	Chevrolet	Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid	Automobile	mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories
2004	Ford	Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)	Automobile
2004	Honda	Honda Accord Hybrid	Automobile	mild hybrid, 2005-2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales
2004	Toyota	Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation	Truck
2004	New Flyer Industries	New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline-electric hybrid bus)	Bus
2004	Hino	Hino S'elega R Hybrid	Bus
2004	Hino	Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid	Bus
2004	Gillig Corporation	Gillig Low Floor Hybrid	Bus
2005	Honda	Honda Civic Hybrid	Automobile	2006 model, second generation
2005	Lexus	Lexus RX 400h	Automobile	2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2005	Mercury automobile	Mercury Mariner hybrid	Automobile
2005	Toyota	Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid	Automobile	2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2006	IC Corporation	IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus	Bus
2006	Nova Bus	Nova Bus LFS HEV	Bus
2006	Wrightbus	Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV	Bus
2006	New Flyer Industries	New Flyer DE40LFR	Bus
2006	Lexus	Lexus GS 450h	Automobile	2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine
2006	Saturn Corporation	Saturn Vue Green Line	Automobile	BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model
2006	Toyota	Toyota Camry Hybrid	Automobile	2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine
2006	Toyota	Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)	Automobile	It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.
2006	Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation	Canter Eco Hybrid	Truck
2006		International FTTS	Truck
2007	Lexus	Lexus LS600hL	Automobile	2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine
2007	Mazda	Mazda Tribute (2008 model)	Automobile
2007	New Flyer Industries	New Flyer DE60LFR	Bus
2007	Nissan	Nissan Altima (licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive)	Automobile
2007	Saturn Corporation	Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid	Automobile	BAS, mild hybrid, 2008-2010 model
2007	Toyota	Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid	Automobile	2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine
2007	Hino	Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia.	Truck
2007	E-One	E-ONE Hybrid Command Center	Truck
2007	Eaton Corporation	Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners	Truck
2007	Chevrolet	Chevrolet Tahoe	SUV
2007	Ford	Ford Escape Hybrid	SUV	2WD 36 mpg (city)/31 mpg (highway) 4WD 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)
2007	Lexus	Lexus RX 400h	SUV	(AWD) 27 mpg (city)/25 mpg (highway)
2007	Mazda	Mazda Tribute Hybrid	SUV	Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid
2007	Saturn Corporation	Saturn "Green Line" Vue Hybrid	SUV	(2WD) 27 mpg (city)/32 mpg (highway)
2007		Mercury Mariner Hybrid	SUV	(4WD) 32 mpg (city)/29 mpg (highway)
2007	Toyota	Toyota Highlander Hybrid	SUV	2WD 33 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway) 4WD 31 mpg (city)/27 mpg (highway)
2007	Honda	Honda Accord Hybrid	Car	25 mpg (city)/34 mpg (highway)
2007	Honda	Honda Civic Hybrid	Car	49 mpg (city)/51 mpg (highway)
2007	Lexus	Lexus GS 450h	Car	25 mpg (city)/28 mpg (highway)
2007	Toyota	Toyota Camry Hybrid	Car	40 mpg (city)/38 mpg (highway)
2007	Toyota	Toyota Prius	Car	48 mpg (city)/54 mpg (highway)
2007	Saturn Corporation	Saturn "Green Line" Aura Hybrid	Car	28 mpg (city)/35 mpg (highway)
2007	Nissan Motor Company	Nissan Altima HEV	Car	42 mpg (city)/36 mpg (highway)
2007	Chevrolet	Chevy Silverado Classic 15 Hybrid	Truck	2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway) 4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2007	GMC (automobile)	GMC Sierra Classic 15 Hybrid	Truck	2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway) 4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008	Alexander Dennis	Alexander Dennis Enviro200H	Bus
2008	Alexander Dennis	Alexander Dennis Enviro400H	Bus
2008	Alexander Dennis	Alexander Dennis Enviro500H	Bus
2008	Beiqi Foton/Eaton Corporation	Beiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel-electric hybrid powertrains	Bus
2008	Hino	Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)	Bus
2008	Optare	Optare Tempo	Bus
2008	Volvo	Volvo B5L Hybrid	Bus
2008	Wrightbus	Wright Gemini 2 HEV	Bus
2008	Cadillac	Cadillac Escalade (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)	Automobile
2008	Chevrolet	Chevrolet Malibu (BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009)	Automobile
2008	Chevrolet	Chevrolet Tahoe (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model, SUV, RWD/AWD)	Automobile
2008	Chevrolet	Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup, 2009 model)	Automobile
2008	Dodge	Dodge Durango (Global Hybrid Cooperation, SUV, 2009 model)	Automobile
2008	GMC	GMC Sierra Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model)	Automobile
2008	GMC	GMC Yukon Hybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2008 model)	Automobile
2008	Saturn Corporation	Saturn AURA Green Line (mild hybrid, 2008-2010 model	Automobile
2008	Toyota	Toyota Crown hybrid	Automobile	redesign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market
2008	BYD Auto	BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market)	Automobile
2008	Komatsu Limited	Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavator	Excavator
2009	BMW	BMW X6 ActiveHybrid	Automobile	Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid, US market
2009	Ford	Ford Fusion Hybrid (2010 model year, midsize car)	Automobile
2009	Honda	Honda Insight (2010 model year, second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback)	Automobile
2009	Lexus	Lexus RX 450h	Automobile	2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation
2009	Lexus	Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai	Automobile	2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybird
2009	Lincoln-Mercury	Mercury Milan Hybrid (2010 model, midsize car)	Automobile
2009	Mercedes-Benz	Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid (Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid)	Automobile
2009	Toyota	Toyota Prius	Automobile	3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine
2009	Phoenix Motorcars	Phoenix Motorcars	Automobile	Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the USA; no projected release date outside CA yet
2009	Hyundai Motor Company	Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid	Automobile	first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only
2010s
2010	BMW	BMW ActiveHybrid 7 (mild hybrid, lithium-ion battery)	Automobile
2010	Honda	Honda CR-Z	Automobile
2010	Honda	Honda Fit Hybrid	Automobile
2010	Hyundai	Hyundai Sonata Hybrid	Automobile	2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010	Toyota	Toyota Auris Hybrid	Automobile	2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain
2010	Toyota	Toyota Highland hybrid	Automobile	revised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model
2010	Mazda	Mazda Tribute	Crossover
2010	Lincoln	Lincoln MKZ Hybrid	Automobile	2011 model
2010	Porsche	Porsche Cayenne S	Automobile	2011 model, sales began end of 2010
2010	General Motors	Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid	Automobile	2011 model
2010	Alexander Dennis	Alexander Dennis Enviro350H	Bus
2010	Optare	Optare Versa	Bus
2010	Porsche	Porsche 918 Spyder	Automobile	2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors - 823bhp. Plug-in hybrid.
2011	Hyundai	Kia Optima Hybrid	Automobile	2011 model
2011	Honda	Honda Civic Hybrid	Automobile	2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion batter
2011	Infiniti	Infiniti M35 Hybrid	Automobile	2011 model
2011	Toyota	Toyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α	Automobile	2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe
2011	Toyota	Toyota Camry Hybrid	Automobile	2012 model
2011	Volkswagen	VW Touareg Hybrid	SUV	2012 model
2011	Fisker Automotive	Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid	Automobile	2012 model
2011	Lexus	Lexus CT 200h hybrid	Automobile	similar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine
2011	Peugeot	Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4	Automobile	The world's first production diesel-electric hybrid
2011	Peugeot	Peugeot 508 RXH	Automobile	diesel-electric hybrid
2011	Citroën	Citroën DS5 HYbrid4	Automobile	diesel-electric hybrid
2011	Toyota	Toyota Aqua hybrid	Automobile	Japan only. Named Prius c in the rest of the world
2012	Toyota	Toyota Prius c hybrid	Automobile	Several world markets except Europe
2012	Toyota	Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid	Automobile	It is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U.S. and Europe
2012	Toyota	Toyota Yaris Hybrid	Automobile	Europe only. Available since June 2012.
2012	Toyota	Toyota Camry Hybrid 2nd generation	Automobile	2012 model
2012	Honda	Acura ILX Hybrid
2012	Toyota	Lexus ES 300h	Automobile	2012 model
2012	BMW	BMW ActiveHybrid 5		2013 model
2012	BMW	BMW ActiveHybrid 3		2013 model
2012	Ford	Ford Fusion Hybrid 2nd generation	Automobile	2013 model
2012	Ford	Ford C-Max Hybrid	Compact MPV	2013 model
2012	Ford	Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid	Compact MPV/SUV	2013 model
2012	Volvo	Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel)	Wagon	Scheduled for November 2012 (Europe only)
2012	Volkswagen	Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid	Automobile	Scheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model
2012	Toyota	Toyota Avalon Hybrid	Automobile	Scheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model
2013	Ford	Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid	Automobile	U.S. sales scheduled to begin by early 2013.
2013	Mitsubishi	Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV	SUV	Sales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 2013
2013	Honda	Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid	Automobile	2014 model
2013	BMW	BMW i3 REx	Automobile	This is the plug-in hybrid version of all-electric car scheduled for late 2013
2013	Fisker	Fisker Surf		Production is scheduled for 2013
2013	General Motors	Cadillac ELR plug-in hybrid	Automobile	Scheduled for U.S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year.
2013	McLaren	McLaren P1	Automobile	3.8L Twin-turbo V8 engine with KERS - 903bhp. Can run on battery alone.
2013	Ferrari	LaFerrari	Automobile	2014 Model. All Sold. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS - 963bhp.
2014	BMW	BMW i8	Automobile	Retail deliveries began in June 2014

2014 and beyond

• Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid concept, diesel-electric engine (under development) in conjunction with new aluminum body
• Fiat Nuova 500 Hybrid
• Volvo announced the launching of series production of diesel-ey 2012.
• Cadillac SRX Plug-In
• Toyota announced the launching of RAV4 Hybrid as 2012 model in the spring of 2012.
• Porsche Panamera Plug-In
• Lamborghini Madura - a concept car to be produced by Lamborghini in the year 2016

• Ё-mobile (Russia).

Unknown Date

• Nissan Altima Hybrid 2nd generation, 2014 model; 2nd gen drivetrain 100% Nissan
• BYD Qin plug-in hybrid
• Audi A1
• Toyota Sienna Hybrid (3rd generation)
• Peugeot 307 CC Hybride HDi, produced in very small number of units, ceased production in 2007.
• Cadillac Urban Luxury Concept
• Daihatsu Hijet Cargo Hybrid a commercial microvan (659 cc) (in Japan, not yet in production)
• Ford hybrid car
• Honda S2000/Honda S3000
• Honda HSV-010 - supposedly the successor for Honda NSX.
• Hyundai Accent Unknown date of production
• Kia Rio Originally for 2007, now delayed along with Hyundai Accent hybrid (concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)
• Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution XI
• Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid.
• Persu Hybrid (three-wheeled vehicle)
• Porsche Panamera
• Saab planning hybrid based on GM system
• Toyota Corolla
• Mahindra Diesel-electric hybrid PikUp in 2010.
• Toyota FT-HS
• Porsche Cayenne
• Proton Gen-2 EVE Hybrid is targeted to be produced commercially within 2010-2011. Concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show
• Volkswagen Golf V TDI Hybrid, expected to be marketed, but ceased production in late 2008.
• Mercedes-Benz E-Class E300 BlueTEC hybrid

Buses

Date unknown

Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011

• Castrosua Tempus (in use in Barcelona, Granada, Lugo, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla)
• Irisbus Hynobis (Castellón)
• MAN Lion's City Hybrid:
  • Portugal: Lisboa and Oporto.
  • Spain:Barcelona, Cádiz, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, San Sebastián, Sevilla and Valladolid
• Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid
• North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
• Scania OmniLink, ethanol-electric hybrid buses, (Stockholm)
• Solaris:
  • Germany: Dresden, Glonn, Hannover, Leipzig and Munich)
  • Poland: Sosnowiec and Poznań
  • Spain: Madrid
  • Switzerland: Lenzburg
• Tecnobus Gullliver (hybrid electric and all-electric versions), sold by Hispano Carrocera
• Volvo 7700
• Chery A3
• Chang’an (Chana) Zhi-xiang

See also

• List of battery electric vehicles
• List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
• SmILE
• Comparison of Toyota hybrids

References

• Fuel Economy.gov
• 2007 Hybrid Cars

External links

• Best Hybrid Cars
• http://www.allhybridcars.com