List of methanol poisoning incidents
Outbreaks of methanol poisoning have occurred when methanol is used to adulterate moonshine (bootleg liquor).[1]
Methanol has a high toxicity in humans. If as little as 10 mL of pure methanol is ingested, for example, it can break down into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve, and 30 mL is potentially fatal,[2] although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol[3]). Reference dose for methanol is 0.5 mg/kg/day.[4] Toxic effects take hours to start, and effective antidotes can often prevent permanent damage.[2] Because of its similarities in both appearance and odor to ethanol (the alcohol in beverages), it is difficult to differentiate between the two.
Contents
Cambodia
In 2012 as many as 318 people were hospitalized, and 49 died.[5]
Czech Republic
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The 2012 Czech Republic methanol poisonings occurred in September 2012 in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia.[6] Over the course of several days, 38 people in the Czech Republic[7] and 4 people in Poland died as a result of methanol poisoning and several tens of others were taken to hospital.[8][9]
Estonia
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
The Pärnu methanol tragedy occurred in Pärnu county, Estonia, in September 2001, when 68 people died and 43 were left disabled after contents of stolen methanol canisters were used in production of bootleg liquor.
India
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. India has a thriving moonshine industry, and methanol-tainted batches have killed over 1,000 people in the last 3 decades.
- 1976: 100 people died in Gujarat.
- 1980: 44 died in Haryana
- 1981: About 308 people in Karnataka, see 1981 Karnataka liquor deaths.
- 1986: 108 died in Gujarat.
- 1987: 200 died in Gujarat.
- 1988: 32 people died in Gujarat.
- 1992: More than 200 people in Odisha, see 1992 Odisha liquor deaths.
- 2001: 27 deaths in Bombay.[10]
- 2004: In December 2004, 87 people died in Mumbai.[11]
- 2006: 22 people killed in Ganjam district, Orissa.
- 2008: 148 people in Karnataka & Tamil Nadu, December.[12] see 2008 Karnataka-Tamil Nadu hooch tragedy
- 2009: 27 people killed in Kolkata, West Bengal
- 2009: 29 people killed in Uttar Pradesh
- 2009: 136 people in Gujarat, July, see 2009 Gujarat alcohol poisonings.
- 2009: >30 deaths, Delhi.[10]
- 2009: >30 deaths, Orissa Bolangir.[10]
- 2010: 35 people killed in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr districts, Uttar Pradesh
- 2010: 23 people killed in Malappuram district, Kerala
- 2010: 10 deaths, Uttar Pradesh.[10]
- 2011: 17 dead in andhra Pradesh, August.[13]
- 2011: 170 people in Sangrampur, December, see Sangrampur methanol tragedy.[14]
- 2012: 17 deaths, Andhra Pradesh.[10]
- 2012: 31 deaths, Orissa.[10]
- 2012: 18 people died in Gurdaspur district of Punjab in a possible methanol-poisoning incident. The Chemical Analyzer and Histo-pathology department took care of the bodies and will ascertain the exact cause of death.[15]
- 2013: 40 people died in Azamgarh district, Uttar Pradesh.[16]
- 2015: In June 2015, more than 90 people died in Mumbai.,[11] see 2015 Mumbai alcohol poisoning incident
Libya
At least 51 people died in Tripoli in 2013.[17] The consumption and sale of alcohol is Haram (illegal) in Libya.[17]
Madagascar
The Madagascar methanol mass poisoning occurred in 1998 when 200 people died.[18]
Nigeria
Between April 14 and April 26, 2015, 23 deaths were recorded in relation to methanol poisoning in Ayadi and Ode-Irele towns of Irele Local Government Area in Ondo State.[19]
Norway
Between September 2002 and December 2004, 51 people were admitted to hospital with symptoms of methanol poisoning, of whom 9 died. A further 8 people who died outside hospital were found to have died from methanol poisoning following autopsy. The liquor responsible for all of the cases contained 20% methanol and 80% ethanol and probably came from the same source in southern Europe.[20]
Spain
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
In 1963, methanol was used in the preparation of bottled mixed alcohol drinks such as coffee liqueur. According official records, 51 died and 9 lost their sight, but according to newspapers there may have been thousands of victims, mainly in Galicia and the Canary Islands.[21][22]
Turkey
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- 2004 - 21 deaths in Istanbul,[10]
- 2005 - 23 deaths in Istanbul,[10]
- 2011 - 5 Russian tourists died in the Turkish Riviera,[23]
- 2015 - 32 deaths in Istanbul,[24][25] 3 deaths in Izmir.[26]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. dead link
- ↑ Methanol (CASRN 67-56-1)
- ↑ Xinhua 49 Cambodians die, 318 hospitalized by home-made rice wine February 15, 2012
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 World Health Organization (PDF)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ BBC News India doctors fight to save West Bengal alcohol victims 16 December 2011
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
