List of Puerto Ricans

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List of notable people from Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico

This is a list of notable people from Puerto Rico which includes people who were born in Puerto Rico ("Borinquen"), people who are of full or partial Puerto Rican and some long-term continental American and other residents and/or immigrants of other ethnic heritages who have made Puerto Rico their home.

The list is divided into categories and, in some cases, sub-categories, which best describe the field for which the subject is most noted. Some categories such as "Actors, actresses, comedians and directors" are relative since a subject who is a comedian may also be an actor or director. In some cases a subject may be notable in more than one field, such as Luis A. Ferré, who is notable both as a former governor and as an industrialist. However, the custom is to place the subject's name under the category for which he/she is most noted.

Actors, actresses, comedians and directors

A

Henry Darrow
Benicio del Toro
Erik Estrada
José Ferrer
Juano Hernández
Jennifer Lopez
Rita Moreno
Lymari Nadal
Rosie Perez
Joaquin Phoenix
Marquita Rivera
Jon Seda
Jimmy Smits
Liz Torres
David Zayas

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E

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F

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G

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H

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I

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J

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L

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M

N

O

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Adult film entertainers

Television show hosts

Architects

Andrés Mignucci, architect

Authors, playwrights and poets

Alejandro Tapia y Rivera
Nelson Denis
José Rivera, playwright

A

  • Jack Agüeros, author, playwright, poet and translator[38]
  • Quiara Alegría Hudes, author, playwright; wrote the book for the Broadway musical In the Heights; winner of 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Drama; her play, Elliot, a Soldier's Fugue, was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 2007 and has been performed around the country and in Romania and Brazil[39]
  • Miguel Algarín, poet, writer, co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Café[40]
  • Manuel A. Alonso, poet and author, considered by many to be the first Puerto Rican writer of notable importance[41]
  • Alba Ambert, novelist; in 1996 became the first Hispanic author to win the Carey McWilliams Award for Multicultural Literature, presented by the Multicultural Review, for her novel A Perfect Silence[42]
  • Francisco Arriví, writer, poet, and playwright ; known as "the father of the Puerto Rican theater"[43]
  • Rane Arroyo, poet, playwright and scholar[44]

B

C

D

E

F

  • Héctor Feliciano, author; his book The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art has shed light on an estimated 20,000 looted works; each one is owned by a museum or a collector somewhere[70]
  • Isabel Freire de Matos, writer, educator and advocate of Puerto Rican independence[71]
  • Rosario Ferré, writer[72]
  • Shaggy Flores, Nuyorican writer, poet; African diaspora scholar; founder of Voices for the Voiceless[73]
  • Félix Franco-Oppenheimer, poet and writer; works include Contornos, Imagen y visión edénica de Puerto Rico, and Antología poética[74]

G

H

L

M

N

O

  • Judith Ortiz Cofer, poet, writer and essayist; in 1994, became the first Hispanic to win the O. Henry Prize for her story "The Latin Deli"; in 1996, she and illustrator Susan Guevara became the first recipients of the Pura Belpre Award for Hispanic children's literature[42][103]
  • Micol Ostow, author of Mind Your Manners, Dick and Jane; her novel Emily Goldberg Learns to Salsa was named a New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age[104]

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Z

Beauty queens and fashion models

File:Susie Castillo headshot 2.png
Susie Castillo, Miss USA
Zuleyka Rivera, Miss Universe

Business people and industrialists

José Ramon Fernández, "Marqués de La Esperanza"
Juan Serrallés, industrialist, founder of Destilería Serralles, makers of Don Q rum
Eduardo Georgetti, wealthy sugar baron

Cartoonists

John Rivas

Civil rights and/or political activists

Maria de las Mercedes Barbudo
José Maldonado Román
Helen Rodriguez-Trias, women's rights activist and recipient of the Presidential Citizen's Medal
Olga Viscal Garriga
  • Mariana Bracetti a.k.a. "Brazo de Oro" (Golden Arm), political activist; leader of the Lares's Revolutionary Council during the Grito de Lares; knit the first flag of the future Republic of Puerto Rico
  • Mathias Brugman, political activist; leader of the Grito de Lares; founded the first revolutionary committee in the City of Mayagüez; his revolutionary cell was code named "Capa Prieto" (Black Cape)
  • María Cadilla, women's rights activist; one of the first women in Puerto Rico to earn a doctoral degree
  • Blanca Canales, political activist; nationalist leader who led the Jayuya Uprising in 1950 against US colonial rule of Puerto Rico
  • Rafael Cancel Miranda, political activist; member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party and advocate of Puerto Rican independence who proceeded to attack the United States House of Representatives in 1954
  • Luisa Capetillo, labor activist; one of Puerto Rico's most famous labor organizers; writer and an anarchist who fought for workers and women's rights
  • Oscar Collazo, political activist; one of two nationalists who attempted to assassinate President Harry S. Truman
  • Raimundo Díaz Pacheco, political activist; Commander in Chief of the Cadets of the Republic (Cadetes of the Republica); served as the Comandante (Commander) of the Cadets of the Republic (Cadets of the Republica), also known as the "Ejército Libertador de Puerto Rico" (The Liberation Army of Puerto Rico), a quasi-military organization and official youth organization within the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party[154]
  • Tito Kayak, political activist; gained notoriety when a group of Vieques natives and other Puerto Ricans, including De Jesus Mercado, began protesting and squatting on U.S. Navy bombing zones after the 1999 death of Puerto Rican civilian and Vieques native David Sanes, who was killed during a U.S. Naval bombing exercise
  • Sylvia del Villard, Afro-Puerto Rican activist; founder of the Afro-Boricua El Coqui Theater; an outspoken activist who fought for the equal rights of the Black Puerto Rican artist; in 1981, she became the first and only director of the office of the Afro-Puerto Rican affairs of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture (see also "Actresses")
  • Isabel González, civil rights activist; young Puerto Rican mother who paved the way for Puerto Ricans to be given United States citizenship[155]
  • Lolita Lebrón, political activist; Nationalist leader and activist; the leader of a group of nationalists, who proceeded to attack the United States House of Representatives in 1954
  • Lillian López, librarian and labor activist; founder of the New York Public Library South Bronx Project; advocate for library and education services for Spanish-speaking communities[156]
  • Tomás López de Victoria, political activist and Sub-Commander of the Cadets of the Republic; the captain in charge of the cadets who participated in the peaceful march which ended up as the Ponce Massacre; led the Nationalists in the Arecibo revolt in what is known as the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s[157]
  • Oscar López Rivera, Nationalist, political prisoner;[158] longest-incarcerated advocate for Puerto Rico's independence
  • José Maldonado Román, a.k.a. "Aguila Blanca" (White Eagle) revolutionary; considered an outlaw by the authorities and a hero along the lines of Robin Hood by the local "jibaros" (humble farmers)[159]
  • Eliana Martinez, AIDS activist; was in a notable Florida court case regarding the rights of HIV+ children in public schools[160]
  • Felicitas Mendez (maiden name Felicitas Gomez), Puerto Rican woman who became an American civil rights pioneer; in 1946, she and her husband took it upon themselves the task of leading a community battle that changed California and set an important legal precedent for ending de jure segregation in the United States; the landmark desegregation case, Mendez v. Westminster,[161] paved the way for integration and the American civil rights movement[162]
  • Sylvia Mendez, civil rights activist and educator; daughter of Felicita; was eight years old when she played an instrumental role in the Mendez v. Westminster case, the landmark desegregation case of 1946 which successfully ended de jure segregation in California[163] and paved the way for integration and the American civil rights movement.[162]
  • María de las Mercedes Barbudo, political activist; considered the first female Puerto Rican "Independentista," meaning that she was the woman to become an avid advocate of Puerto Rican independence [164]
  • Ana María O'Neill, women's rights activist and educator; in 1929, became the first female professor in the field of commerce in the University of Puerto Rico, which she taught until 1951; urged women to participate in every aspect of civic life and to defend their right to vote[107]
  • Manuel Olivieri Sanchez, civil rights activist; court interpreter and a civil rights activist who led the legal battle which granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans living in Hawaii[165]
  • Cesar A. Perales, civil rights lawyer; founder of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund (now LatinoJustice PRLDEF); won precedent-setting lawsuits combating discrimination; New York Secretary of State; previously worked under both Mayor David Dinkins' and Governor Mario Cuomo's administrations; has dedicated his entire life to public service and is one of the first Puerto Ricans to serve at the highest levels of city, state, and federal government[166]
  • Ruth Mary Reynolds, educator, political and civil rights activist; a native of South Dakota who became interested in the ideals of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; founder of Americans for Puerto Rico's Independence; devoted many years of her life to the cause of Puerto Rico's independence from the US[167]
  • Sylvia Rivera, transgender activist; pioneer of the LGBT movement; veteran of the 1969 Stonewall riots[168]
  • Isolina Rondón, political activist and Treasurer of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; one of the few witnesses of the 24 October 1935 killing of four Nationalists by local police officers in Puerto Rico during a confrontation with the supporters of the Nationalist Party, known as the Río Piedras massacre[169]
  • Isabel Rosado, political activist; imprisoned multiple times because of her commitment to the cause of Puerto Rican independence[170]
  • Anthony Romero, civil rights leader; executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union[171]
  • Helen Rodriguez-Trias, physician and women's rights activist; first Latina president of the American Public Health Association; a founding member of the Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association; recipient of the Presidential Citizen's Medal; credited with helping to expand the range of public health services for women and children in minority and low-income populations in the US, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East[172] (see also "Educators" and "Scientists")
  • Ana Roque, women's rights activist, educator and suffragist; a founder of the University of Puerto Rico
  • Vidal Santiago Díaz, political activist; barber of Pedro Albizu Campos; made Puerto Rican media history when numerous police officers and National Guards men attacked him at his barbershop Salon Boricua because of his ideals of Puerto Rican independence; this was the first time in Puerto Rican history that such an attack was transmitted via radio to the public[173]
  • Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, civil rights activist; pioneer in black history; helped raise awareness of the contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and Afro-Americans have made to society
  • Pedro Julio Serrano, human rights activist; President of Puerto Rico Para Tod@s, which strives for inclusion of LGBT community and for social justice for all in Puerto Rico; Communication Manager at the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force[174]
  • Griselio Torresola, political activist; Nationalist who died in attempt to assassinate President Harry S. Truman in 1950
  • Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff, political activist; former President of the New York chapter of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in the 1930s; in the 1990s was among the protesters who protested against the United States Navy's use of his birthplace, the island of Vieques, as a bombing range[175]
  • Olga Viscal Garriga, political activist; member of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; during the late 1940s she became a student leader at the University of Puerto Rico and spokesperson of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party's branch in Río Piedras
  • Marcos Xiorro, house slave; in 1821, planned and conspired to lead a slave revolt against the sugar plantation owners and the Spanish Colonial government in Puerto Rico[176]

Clergy

Painting of Arizmendi by Jose Campeche

Pre-20th century

20th century

21st century

Composers, contemporary singers, musicians and opera

Chayanne
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Janid, singer
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Kaydean, record and TV producer, composer
Lloyd Banks, rapper
José Feliciano, singer and composer of "Feliz Navidad"
Marc Anthony, singer
Felipe Rose, Village People
Jim Jones, rapper
Yolandita Monge, singer
Ricky Martin, singer
Carli Muñoz, pianist

A

B

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D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

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P

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V

W'

Y

Z

Opera

Antonio Paolí

Criminals and outlaws

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Antonio Correa Cotto

Pre-20th century

  • Roberto Cofresí, a.k.a. '"El Pirata Cofresí"' (Cofresí the Pirate), his exploits as a pirate are part of Puerto Rico's folklore

20th century

21st century

Diplomats

Hans Hertell

20th century

21st century

Educators

Rafael Cordero
Eugenio María de Hostos
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Angel M. Ramos
  • Ursula Acosta, educator; one of the founding members of the Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Genealogía (Puerto Rican Genealogical Society)[232]
  • Alfredo M. Aguayo, educator and writer; established the first laboratory of child psychology at the University of Havana[233]
  • Carlos Albizu Miranda, psychologist, educator; first Hispanic educator to have a North American university renamed in his honor and one of the first Hispanics to earn a PhD in Psychology in the US[234]
  • Margot Arce de Vázquez, educator; founder of the Department of Hispanic Studies in the University of Puerto Rico
  • Jaime Benítez, former Resident Commissioner; longest serving chancellor and president of the University of Puerto Rico
  • Frank Bonilla, educator; academic who became a leading figure in Puerto Rican studies[235]
  • Carlos E. Chardón Palacios, first Puerto Rican mycologist and first Puerto Rican appointed as Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico
  • Carlos A. Chardón López, educator and public administrator; the only Puerto Rican to serve twice as Puerto Rico Secretary of Education
  • Edna Coll, educator and author; President of the Society of Puerto Rican Authors in San Juan; founder of the Academy of Fine Arts in Puerto Rico[236]
  • Celestina Cordero, educator; in 1820, founded the first school for girls in Puerto Rico[237]
  • Rafael Cordero, educator; declared Venerable in 2004 by Pope John Paul II; the process for beatification is now in motion with Benedictine Fr. Oscar Rivera as Procurator of the Cause
  • Waded Cruzado, first Hispanic president of Montana State University[238]
  • Eugenio María de Hostos, educator; in Peru, he helped to develop that country's educational system and spoke against the harsh treatment given to the Chinese who lived there. He stayed in Chile from 1870 to 1873. During his stay there, he taught at the University of Chile and gave a speech titled "The Scientific Education of Women;" he proposed that governments permit women in their colleges; soon after, Chile allowed women to enter its college educational system (see also "Politicians" and "Authors)
  • Angelo Falcón, political scientist; author of Atlas of Stateside Puerto Ricans (2004) and co-editor of Boricuas in Gotham: Puerto Ricans in the Making of Modern New York City (2004)
  • José Ferrer Canales, educator, writer and activist
  • Antonio García Padilla, President, University of Puerto Rico, (2001–2009); former Dean of UPR Law School
  • Megh R. Goyal, professor, historian, scientist; "father of irrigation engineering in Puerto Rico"; Professor in Agricultural & Biomedical Engineering at University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez[239]
  • Felix V. Matos Rodriguez, educator, college administrator;scholar of Puerto Rican history; president of City University of New York, Queens College[240]
  • Concha Meléndez, educator, writer poet
  • Ana G. Méndez, educator; founder of the Ana G. Méndez University System
  • Antonio Miró Montilla, architect, educator; first architect appointed head of a government agency, the Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority, 1969 to 1971; first dean of the School of Architecture at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 1971 to 1978; Chancellor of the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico, 1978 to 1985[33]
  • Antonia Pantoja, educator; founder of ASPIRA; was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom
  • Ángel Ramos, educator; Superintendent of the Sequoia Schools for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; one of the few deaf Hispanics to earn a doctorate from Gallaudet University
  • Euripides Rios, author of Learning to Understand Learning, Second Language Learners
  • Dr. Juan A. Rivero, educator; founded the Dr. Juan A. Rivero Zoo in Mayagüez; discovered numerous animal species and has written several books
  • Ana Roque, educator and suffragist; one of the founders of the University of Puerto Rico
  • Carlos E. Santiago, economist and educator; Chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee[241]
  • Ninfa Segarra, President of the New York City Board of Education, 2000–2002
  • Victoria Leigh Soto, educator who emerged as a hero in the tragic shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut when she hid students and died trying to protect them from alleged shooter Adam Lanza; her father is Puerto Rican[242]
  • Lolita Tizol, early 1900s educator; at a time when most people in Ponce, as most of Puerto Rico, did not know how to read and write, and when teachers were paid only $50 per month, even in the large cities, Tizol took it upon herself to overcome all challenges to help others[243]
  • Nilita Vientós Gastón, educator; first female lawyer to work for the Department of Justice of Puerto Rico; defended the use of the Spanish language in the courts of Puerto Rico, before the Supreme Court, and won
  • Mariano Villaronga-Toro, educator and public servant; first Commissioner of Public Instruction after the creation of the Estado Libre Asociado; instituted the use of Spanish as the official language of instruction in the Puerto Rico public education system, displacing English, which had been pushed by the US-appointed colonial governors[244]

Governors of Puerto Rico

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See also: List of Governors of Puerto Rico
Juan Ponce de León II
Luis A. Ferré, governor, philanthropist and industrialist

Pre-20th century

20th century

21st century

First Ladies of Puerto Rico

Historians

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Salvador Brau

Journalists

Geraldo Rivera

Judges, law enforcement and firefighters

Judges

Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court Justice

Law enforcement

File:Nick Estavillo.JPG
Nick Estavillo
  • Nicholas Estavillo, NYPD Chief of Patrol (Ret.); in 2002, became the first Puerto Rican and the first Hispanic in the history of the NYPD to reach the three-star rank of Chief of Patrol[269]
  • Faith Evans, Hawaiian-Puerto Rican, first woman to be named U.S. Marshal
  • Alejandro González Malavé, controversial undercover police officer
  • Irma Lozada, New York City transit police; first female police officer to die in the line of duty in New York City[226]
  • José Meléndez-Pérez, INS officer who was named in 9/11 Commission Report; denied entry to terrorist in August 2001
  • Benito Romano, United States Attorney in New York; first Puerto Rican to hold the United States Attorney's post in New York on an interim basis[270]
  • Joe Sánchez, highly decorated former New York City police officer and author whose books give an insight as to the corruption within the department[271]
  • Pedro Toledo, retired FBI senior agent and longest-serving state police superintendent

Firefighters

Military

Miguel Enríquez
Demetrio O'Daly
Antonio Valero de Bernabé
Manuel Rojas
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Augusto Rodríguez
Juan Ríus Rivera
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José Semidei Rodríguez
Ángel Rivero Méndez
Luis R. Esteves
Teófilo Marxuach
Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas
Mihiel Gilormini
Frederick Lois Riefkohl
Joseph B. Aviles, Sr.
Carmen Dumler
Gilberto José Marxuach
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Virgil R. Miller
Pedro del Valle
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Agustin Ramos Calero
Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano
Carmen Contreras-Bozak
José Antonio Muñiz
Modesto Cartagena
Rose Franco
Fernando Luis García
Horacio Rivero, Jr.
Salvador Felices
Carlos James Lozada
Angel Mendez
Héctor Andrés Negroni
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Héctor Santiago-Colón
Jorge Otero Barreto
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Humbert Roque "Rocky" Versace
Eurípides Rubio
Lizbeth Robles
Frances M. Vega
Maritza Sáenz Ryan

16th century

17th century

  • Juan de Amezquita, Captain, Puerto Rican Militia; defeated Captain Balduino Enrico (Boudewijn Hendricksz), who in 1625 was ordered by the Dutch to capture Puerto Rico.[274]

18th century

  • Rafael Conti, Colonel, Spanish Army; in 1790, captured 11 enemy ships involved in smuggling stolen goods. In 1797, he helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico from a British invasion in his hometown, Aguadilla. In 1809, he organized a military expedition fight with the aim of returning Hispaniola, which now comprise the nations of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, back to Spanish rule.[275]
  • Antonio de los Reyes Correa, Captain, Spanish Army; Puerto Rican hero who defended the town Arecibo in 1702 from an invasion by defeating the British; was awarded La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie (The Gold Medal of the Royal Image), by King Philip V of Spain and given the title "Captain of Infantry"[276]
  • José and Francisco Díaz, Sergeants, Puerto Rican militia; cousins in the Toa Baja Militia who helped defeat Sir Ralph Abercromby and defend Puerto Rico from a British invasion in 1797[277]
  • Miguel Henríquez, Captain, Spanish Navy; in 1713, defeated the British in Vieques and was awarded the La Medalla de Oro de la Real Efigie (The Gold Medal of the Royal Effigy)[278]

19th century

20th century

  • Humberto Acosta-Rosario, Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army; a member of Company B, 1st Battalion, 5th Infantry (Mechanized); 25th Infantry Division, United States Army; currently the only Puerto Rican MIA whose body has never been recovered[290]
  • Ricardo Aponte, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; former Director of the Innovation and Experimentation Directorate, United States Southern Command, the first Puerto Rican to hold this position[291]
  • Félix Arenas Gaspar, Captain, Spanish Army; posthumously awarded the Cruz Laureada de San Fernando (Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand – Spain's version of the Medal of Honor) for his actions in the Rif War[292]
  • Domingo Arroyo, Jr., Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps; first American serviceman to be killed in Operation Restore Hope during the Somalian Civil War[293]
  • Joseph (José) B. Aviles, Sr., CWO2, U.S. Coast Guard; on 28 September 1925, he became the first Hispanic Chief Petty Officer in the United States Coast Guard; during World War II he received a war-time promotion to Chief Warrant Officer, becoming the first Hispanic to reach that level as well[294]
  • Rafael Celestino Benítez, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; a highly decorated submarine commander who led the rescue effort of the crew members of the USS Cochino, which was involved in the first American undersea spy mission of the Cold War[295]
  • Carlos Betances Ramírez, Colonel, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican to command a battalion in the Korean War; in 1952, he assumed the command of the 2nd Battalion, 65th Infantry Regiment[296]
  • José M. Cabanillas, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; in World War II he was Executive Officer of the USS Texas (BB-35) and participated in the invasions of Africa and Normandy (D-Day)[297]
  • Richard Carmona, Vice Admiral, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps; served as the 17th Surgeon General of the United States under President George W. Bush[298]
  • Modesto Cartagena, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army; the most decorated Hispanic soldier in history; distinguished himself in combat during the Korean War as a member of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry and is being considered for the Medal of Honor[60]
  • Carlos Fernando Chardón, Major General, Puerto Rico National Guard; Secretary of State of Puerto Rico from 1969 to 1973 and the Puerto Rico Adjutant General from 1973 to 1975
  • Felix M. Conde-Falcon, Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army; received the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014 for his courageous actions while serving as an acting Platoon Leader in Company D, 1st Battalion, 505th Infantry Regiment, 3d Brigade, 82d Airborne Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Ap Tan Hoa, Republic of Vietnam on April 4, 1969[299]
  • Carmen Contreras-Bozak, Tech4, U.S. Women's Army Corps; first Hispanic to serve in the U.S. Women's Army Corps; served as an interpreter and in numerous administrative positions during World War II[300]
  • Virgilio N. Cordero, Jr., Brigadier General, U.S. Army; a Battalion Commander of the 31st Infantry Regiment who documented his experiences as a prisoner of war and his participation in the infamous Bataan Death March of World War II[301]
  • Juan César Cordero Dávila, Major General, U.S. Army; commanding officer of the 65th Infantry Regiment during the Korean War, thus becoming one of the highest ranking ethnic officers in the Army[302]
  • Encarnación Correa, Sergeant, U.S. Army; the person who fired the first warning shots in World War I on behalf of the United States against a ship flying the colors of the Central Powers, when on 21 March 1915, under the orders of then-Lieutenant Teófilo Marxuach, he manned a machine gun and opened fire on the Odenwald, an armed German supply ship trying to force its way out of the San Juan Bay[303]
  • Ruben A. Cubero, Brigadier General U.S. Air Force; is of Puerto Rican descent; a highly decorated member of the United States Air Force who in 1991, became the first Hispanic graduate of the United States Air Force Academy to be named Dean of the Faculty of the academy[304]
  • Pedro del Valle, Lieutenant General, U.S. Marine Corps; first Hispanic three-star Marine general; his military career included service in World War I, Haiti and Nicaragua during the so-called Banana Wars of the 1920s, and in the seizure of Guadalcanal and later as Commanding General of the U.S. 1st Marine Division during World War II played an instrumental role in the defeat of the Japanese forces in Okinawa[305]
  • Carmelo Delgado Delgado, Lieutenant, Abraham Lincoln International Brigade; the first Puerto Rican and one of the first U.S. citizens to fight and to die in the Spanish Civil War against General Francisco Franco and the Spanish Nationalists[306]
  • Alberto Díaz, Jr., Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; the first Hispanic to become the Director of the San Diego Naval Medical District[307]
  • Luis R. Esteves, Major General, U.S. Army; in 1915, he became the first Puerto Rican and therefore the first Hispanic to graduate from the United States Military Academy; organized the Puerto Rican National Guard[308]
  • Salvador E. Felices, Major General, U.S. Air Force; the first Puerto Rican general in the U.S. Air Force; in 1953, he flew in 19 combat missions over North Korea during the Korean War; in 1957, he participated in a historic project that was given to Fifteenth Air Force by the Strategic Air Command headquarters known as "Operation Power Flite", the first around the world non-stop flight by all-jet aircraft[309]
  • Michelle Fraley (née Hernández), Colonel, U.S. Arm; became in 1984 the first Puerto Rican woman to graduate from West Point Military Academy; former chief of staff of the Army Network Enterprise Technology Command[310][311]
  • Rose Franco, CWO3, U.S. Marine Corps; the first female Hispanic Chief Warrant Officer in the Marine Corps; in 1965, she was named Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy, Paul Henry Nitze by the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson[312]
  • Edmund Ernest García, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; during World War II he was commander of the destroyer USS Sloat (DE-245) and saw action in the invasions of Africa, Sicily, and France[313]
  • Fernando Luis García, Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps; the first Puerto Rican awarded the Medal of Honor; posthumously awarded the medal for his actions against enemy aggressor forces in the Korean War on 5 September 1952
  • Linda Garcia Cubero, Captain, U.S. Air Force; of Mexican-American/Puerto Rican heritage; in 1980 became the first female Hispanic graduate of any of the U.S. military academies when she graduated from the United States Air Force Academy[314]
  • Carmen García Rosado, Private First Class, U.S. Women's Army Corps; was among the first 200 Puerto Rican women to be recruited into the WAC's during World War II; author of LAS WACS-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (The WACs - The participation of the Puerto Rican women in the Second World War), the first book which documents the experiences of the first 200 Puerto Rican women to participate in said conflict as members of the armed forces of the United States[315]
  • Mihiel Gilormini, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; World War II hero, recipient of 5 Distinguished Flying Crosses; together with Brig. General Alberto A. Nido and Lt. Col. Jose Antonio Muñiz, founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard; previously flew for the Royal Canadian Air Force (1941) and the Royal Air Force (1941–1942)[316]
  • Manuel Goded Llopis, General, Spanish Army; a Puerto Rican in the Spanish Army who was one of the first generales to join General Francisco Franco in the revolt against the Spanish Republican government (also known as Spanish loyalists) in what is known as the Spanish Civil War;previously distinguished himself in the Battle of Alhucemas of the Rif War.[317]
  • César Luis González, First Lieutenant, U.S. Army Air Force; first Puerto Rican pilot in the United States Army Air Force and the first Puerto Rican pilot to die in World War II
  • Diego E. Hernández, Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic to be named Vice Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command; flew two combat tours in Vietnam during the Vietnam War; in 1980, took command of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)[318]
  • Haydee Javier Kimmich, Captain, U.S. Navy; highest ranking Hispanic female in the Navy; Chief of Orthopedics at the Navy Medical Center in Bethesda and she reorganized Reservist Department of the medical center during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm[319]
  • Orlando Llenza, Major General, U.S. Air Force; second Puerto Rican to reach the rank of Major General (two-star General) in the United States Air Force; Adjutant General of the Puerto Rico National Guard.[320]
  • Carlos Lozada, Private First Class, U.S. Army; posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions on 20 November 1967, at Dak To in the Republic of Vietnam[321]
  • Carmen Lozano Dumler, 2nd Lieutenant, U.S. Women's Army Corps; one of the first Puerto Rican women Army officers; in 1944, she was sworn in as a 2nd Lieutenant and assigned to the 161st General Hospital in San Juan[319]
  • Antonio Maldonado, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; in 1965, became the youngest person to pilot a B-52 aircraft; his active participation in the Vietnam War included 183 air combat missions[322]
  • Joseph (José) R. Martínez, Private First Class, U.S. Army; destroyed a German Infantry unit and tank in Tuniz by providing heavy artillery fire, saving his platoon from being attacked in the process; received the Distinguished Service Cross from General George S. Patton, becoming the first Puerto Rican recipient of said military decoration[323]
  • Lester Martínez López, MPH, Major General, U.S. Army; first Hispanic to head the Army Medical and Research Command[324]
  • Gilberto José Marxuach, Colonel, U.S. Army; son of Teofilo Marxuach; the "father of the San Juan civil defense"[325]
  • Teófilo Marxuach, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army; fired a hostile shot from a cannon located at the Santa Rosa battery of El Morro fort, in what is considered to be the first shot of World War I fired by the regular armed forces of the United States against any ship flying the colors of the Central Powers,[326] forcing the Odenwald to stop and to return to port where its supplies were confiscated[327]
  • George E. Mayer, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy; first Hispanic Commander of the Naval Safety Center; led an international naval exercise known as Baltic Operations (BALTOPS) 2003 from his flagship, the USS Vella Gulf (CG-72); this was the first time in the 31 year history of BALTOPS that the exercise included combined ground troops from Russia, Poland, Denmark and the United States[328]
  • Angel Mendez, Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps; of Puerto Rican descent; was awarded the Navy Cross in Vietnam and is being considered for the Medal of Honor; saved the life of his lieutenant, Ronald D. Castille, who went on to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania[329]
  • Enrique Méndez, Jr., Major General, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican to assume the positions of Army Deputy Surgeon General, Commander of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs[330]
  • Virgil R. Miller, Colonel, U.S. Army; Regimental Commander of the 442d Regimental Combat Team (RCT), a unit which was composed of "Nisei" (second generation Americans of Japanese descent), during World War II; led the 442nd in its rescue of the Lost Texas Battalion of the 36th Infantry Division, in the forests of the Vosges Mountains in northeastern France[331]
  • José Antonio Muñiz Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force; together with then-Colonels Alberto A. Nido and Mihiel Gilormini, founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard; in 1963, the Air National Guard Base, at the San Juan International airport in Puerto Rico, was renamed "Muñiz Air National Guard Base" in his honor[332]
  • William A. Navas, Jr., Major General, U.S. Army; first Puerto Rican named Assistant Secretary of the Navy; a veteran of the Vietnam War; nominated in 2001 by President George W. Bush to serve as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)[333]
  • Juan E. Negrón, Master Sergeant, U.S. Army; received the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014, for his courageous actions while serving as a member of Company L, 65th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Kalma-Eri, Korea on April 28, 1951[299]
  • Héctor Andrés Negroni, Colonel, U.S. Air Force; first Puerto Rican graduate of the United States Air Force Academy; a veteran of the Vietnam War; was awarded the Aeronautical Merit Cross, Spai'ns highest Air Force peacetime award for his contributions to the successful implementation of the United States-Spain Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation[334]
  • Alberto A. Nido, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force; a World War II war hero who together with Lt. Col. Jose Antonio Muñiz, co-founded the Puerto Rico Air National Guard and served as its commander for many years; served in the Royal Canadian Air Force, the British Royal Air Force and in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II[332]
  • Ramón Núñez-Juárez, Private First Class, U.S. Marine Corps; listed as Missing in Action during the Korean War and posthumously awarded the Navy Cross, the second highest medal after the Medal of Honor, that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy; the only Puerto Rican member of the United States Marine Corps whose remains have never been recovered and who was listed as Missing in Action during the Korean War[335]
  • Jorge Otero Barreto, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army; with 38 decorations, which includes 3 Silver Star Medals, 5 Bronze Star Medals with Valor, 4 Army Commendation medals, 5 Purple Heart Medals and 5 Air Medals, has been called the most decorated U.S. soldier of the Vietnam War[336][337]
  • Dolores Piñero, U.S. Army Medical Corps; despite the fact that she was not an active member of the military, she was the first Puerto Rican woman doctor to serve in the Army under contract during World War I; at first she was turned down, but after writing a letter to the Army Surgeon General in Washington, D.C. she was ordered her to report to Camp Las Casas in Santurce, Puerto Rico; on October 1918, she signed her contract with the Army
  • José M. Portela, Brigadier General U.S. Air Force
    Portela served in the position of Assistant Adjutant General for Air while also serving as commander of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard. In 1972, Portela became the youngest C-141 Starlifter aircraft commander and captain at age 22. Portela is also the only reservist ever to serve as director of mobility forces for Bosnia.[338]
  • Marion Frederic Ramírez de Arellano, Captain, U.S. Navy
    Ramírez de Arellano was the first Hispanic submarine commander. He was awarded two Silver Stars and a Bronze Star for his actions against the Japanese Imperial Navy during World War II.[339][340]
  • Antonio J. Ramos, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
    Ramos was the first Hispanic to serve as commander, Air Force Security Assistance Center, Air Force Materiel Command, and dual-hatted as Assistant to the Commander for International Affairs, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command.[341]
  • Agustín Ramos Calero, Sergeant First Class, U.S. Army
    With 22 military decorations Ramos Calero was the most decorated soldier in all of the United States during World War II.[296]
  • Fernando L. Ribas-Dominicci, Major, U.S. Air Force
    Ribas-Dominicci was one of the pilots who participated in the Libyan air raid as member of the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing. His F-111F was shot down in action over the disputed Gulf of Sidra off the Libyan coast. Ribas-Dominicci and his weapons systems officer, Capt. Paul Lorence, were the only U.S. casualties of Operation El Dorado Canyon.[342]
  • Frederick Lois Riefkohl, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy
    Riefkohl was the first Puerto Rican to graduate from the United States Naval Academy and in World War I became the first Puerto Rican to be awarded the Navy Cross. [343]
  • Rudolph W. Riefkohl, Colonel, U.S. Army
    Riefkohl played an instrumental role in helping the people of Poland overcome the 1919 typhus epidemic.[344]
  • Demensio Rivera, Private, U.S. Army
    Rivera will receive the Medal of Honor posthumously on March 18, 2014, for his courageous actions while serving as an automatic rifleman with 2d Platoon, Company G, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division during combat operations against an armed enemy in Changyong-ni, Korea on May 23, 1951.[299]
  • Manuel Rivera, Jr., Captain, U.S. Marine Corps
    Rivera, who was of Puerto Rican descent, was the first U.S. serviceman to die in Operation Desert Shield.[345]
  • Pedro N. Rivera, Brigadier General, U.S. Air Force
    In 1994, Rivera became the first Hispanic to be named medical commander in the Air Force. He was responsible for the provision of health care to more than 50,000 patients.[346]
  • Horacio Rivero, Admiral, U.S. Navy
    In 1964, Rivero became the first Puerto Rican and second Hispanic Admiral (four-star) in the U.S. Navy. Rivero participated in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and in 1962, Admiral Rivero was the commander of the American fleet sent by President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis to set up a quarantine (blockade) of the Soviet ships in an effort to stop the Cold War from escalating into World War III.[347][348]
  • Pedro Rodríguez, Master Sergeant, U.S. Army
    Rodriguez was a member of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry. He earned two Silver Stars within a seven-day period during the Korean War..[349]
  • Antonio Rodríguez Balinas, Brigadier General, U.S. Army
    Rodríguez Balinas was the first commander of the Office of the First U.S. Army Deputy Command. During the Korean War he fought with Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry Regiment and was awarded the Silver Star Medal[350]
  • Maria Rodriguez Denton, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy
    Rodriguez Denton was the first woman from Puerto Rico who became an officer in the United States Navy as member of the WAVES. It was Lt. Denton who forwarded the news (through channels) to President Harry S. Truman that the war had ended.[351]
  • Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas, Major, U.S. Army
    Rodríguez Vargas was an odontologist (dentist), scientist and a Major in the U.S. Army who in 1921 discovered the bacteria which causes dental caries.[352][353]
  • Eurípides Rubio, Captain, U.S. Army
    Rubio was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Tay Ninh Province in the Republic of Vietnam on 8 November 1966.[354]
  • Jaime Sabater, Sr., Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps
    Sabater commanded the 1st Battalion 9th Marines during the Bougainville amphibious operations in World War II.[355]
  • José L. Santiago, Sergeant Major, U.S. Marine Corps
    Santiago has the distinction of being the 2nd Battalion 9th Marines first Hispanic Sergeant Major and its first Sergeant Major since its reactivation on 13 July 2007.[356]
  • Héctor Santiago-Colón, Specialist Four, U.S. Army
    In 1968, Santiago-Colón was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam as member of Company B of the 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.[357]
  • Antulio Segarra, Colonel, U.S. Army
    In 1943, Segarra became the first Puerto Rican Regular Army officer to command a Regular Army Regiment when he assumed the command of Puerto Rico's 65th Infantry Regiment which at the time was conducting security missions in the jungles of Panama.[358]
  • Frankie Segarra, Master Gunnery Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps
    Segarra is the first Puerto Rican to reach the grade of Master Gunnery Sergeant in the United States Marine Corps within his MOS.[359]
  • Rafel Toro, Private, U.S. Marine Corps
    Toro was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his "extraordinary heroism in battle"[360] while fighting in Nicaragua during the second Nicaragua campaign in 1927.
  • Miguel A. Vera, Private , U.S. Army
    Vera will receive the Medal of Honor posthumously for his courageous actions while serving as an automatic rifleman with Company F, 38th Infantry Regiment, 2d Infantry Division in Chorwon, Korea, on September 21, 1952.[299]
  • Humbert Roque Versace, Captain, U.S. Army
    Versace, was of Italian and Puerto Rican descent, was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions while a prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. He was the first member of the U.S. Army to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions performed in Southeast Asia while in captivity.[361]
  • Raúl G. Villaronga, Colonel, U.S. Army
    Villaronga was the first Puerto Rican to be elected as Mayor of a Texas city (Killeen).[362]

21st century

Physicians, scientists and inventors

Agustin Stahl
Fermín Tangüis
File:Joseph Acaba v2.jpg
Joseph Acaba
Antonia Novello – Surgeon General of the United States
Joxel García – Assistant Secretary of Health for President George W. Bush
Olga D. González-Sanabria - Member of the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame.
  • Joseph M. Acaba Astronaut, scientist, educator
    First Puerto Rican astronaut
  • José Ramón Alcalá, anatomist
    In 1972, Alcalá was appointed assistant professor in the Wayne School of Medicine. There he conducted research which would make him the foremost expert on cell makeup of the human eye lens. Alcalá developed laboratory methods to study the histology of ocular tissue, which ultimately helped to explain the development of cataracts, among other maladies of the eye[42][382]
  • Carlos Albizu Miranda Psychologist, educator
    First Hispanic Educator to have a North American University renamed in his honor and one of the first Hispanics to earn a PhD in Psychology in the United States.[234]
  • Ricardo Alegría Anthropologist, archaeologist and educator
    "Father of Modern Puerto Rican Archaeology".
  • Jorge N. Amely Vélez - Inventor
    Amely Vélez is an electrical engineer and inventor who holds various patents in the field of Medical Technology.[383]
  • Bailey K. Ashford doctor, parasitologist, author and soldier.
    Ashford, a Colonel in the U.S. Army, arrived in Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War and made the island his home. He organized and conducted a parasite treatment campaign, which cured approximately 300,000 persons (one-third of the Puerto Rico population) and reduced the death rate from this anemia by 90 percent.[384][385]
  • Pedro Beauchamp Surgeon
    The first Puerto Rican specialist certified by the American Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Board, who performed the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique on the island in 1985.[386]
  • Víctor Manuel Blanco Astronomer
    In 1959, Blanco discovered a "Blanco 1", a galactic cluster.[387] Blanco was the second Director of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile, which has the largest 4-m telescope in the Southern Hemisphere,[388] In 1995, the telescope was dedicated in his honor and named the "Víctor M. Blanco Telescope" and is also known as the "Blanco 4m"[389]
  • Rafael L. Bras Former chair of Civil Engineering at MIT
    One of the world's leading experts in hydrometeorology and global warming.
  • Anthony M. Busquets Electronic engineer, aerospace technologist
    Busquets is involved in the development and application of multifunction control/display switch technology in 1983 and Development and application of a microprocessor-based I/O system for simulator use in 1984.
  • Carlos E. Chardón a.k.a. the "Father of Mycology in Puerto Rico"
    Chardón is the first Puerto Rican mycologist. Discovered the aphid "Aphis maidis", the vector of the mosaic of sugar cane, in 1922. Author of the "Chardón Plan" and first Puerto Rican to hold the position of Chancellor of the University of Puerto Rico.[390]
  • Nitza Margarita Cintron Scientist
    Chief of NASA's (JSC) Space and Health Care Systems Office.
  • Pablo Clemente-Colon
    First Puerto Rican Chief Scientist of the National Ice Center (2005-present)
  • Antonia Coello Novello
    First Hispanic and first woman U.S. Surgeon General (1990–93).
  • Martín Corchado
    Physician, medical researcher, and president of the Autonomist Party of Puerto Rico.
  • José F. Cordero Pediatrician
    Cordero is the founding director of the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia.[391]
  • Milagros J. Cordero pediatrician
    She is the founder and President of Team Therapy Services For Children (ITT’S for Children)[60]
  • María Cordero Hardy physiologist, educator and scientist,
    Cordero Hardy's research on vitamin E helped other scientists understand about how the vitamin works in the human body.[392]
  • Juan R. Correa-Pérez scientist, clinical andrologist and embryologist
    Correa-Pérez is a scientist who is credited with becoming the first clinical Andrologist and Embryologist in Puerto Rico.
  • Juan R. Cruz NASA scientist
    Played an instrumental role in the design and development of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) parachute.
  • Carlos Del Castillo NASA scientist
    Del Castillo was the Program Scientist for the Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Program at NASA Headquarters, in Washington, D.C.. Del Castillo is also the recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) award, the highest honor bestowed by the United States government on scientists and engineers beginning their independent careers.[393]
  • Manuel de la Pila Iglesias
    Multi-faceted physician who specilized in various medical disciplines. Introduced the first EKG and X-ray machines into Puerto Rico. Founded a medical clinic that today is a respected medical center in Ponce, Puerto Rico. He is considered to be "one of the giants of Puerto Rican medicine".[394]
  • Alfonso Eaton Mechanical Engineer, Aero-Space Technologist
    First Puerto Rican to work for NASA.
  • Enectalí Figueroa-Feliciano Astronaut applicant and astrophysicist in NASA
    Figueroa pioneered the development of position-sensitive detectors.
  • Orlando Figueroa Mechanical engineer at NASA
    previously the NASA Mars Czar Director for Mars Exploration and the Director for the Solar System Division in the Office of Space Science at NASA Headquarters is now the Director, Applied Engineering & Technology at the NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center (as the "Director of Engineering" he manages the full scope of engineering activities at Goddard).[395]
  • Adolfo Figueroa-Viñas Astrophysicist at NASA
    Figueroa-Viñas is the first Puerto Rican astrophysicist at NASA working in solar plasma physics. As a senior research scientist he is involved in many NASA missions such as Wind, SOHO, Cluster and MMS projects in which he is the author and co-author of numerous scientific papers in his field.[396]
  • José N. Gándara
    Lead physician attending to the wounded of the Ponce Massacre, and later the expert witness at the trials of the accused Nacionalistas as well as before the Hays Commission. Held numerous government positions, including Secretary of Health of Puerto Rico. He was also one of the founders of the Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico.[397][398]
  • Joxel García
    First Puerto Rican Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and an Admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.[399]
  • Asdrubal Garcia Ortiz Technology Engineer
    Together with fellow inventors Sunggyu Lee and John R. Wootton, Garcia Ortiz was granted various patents. A sample of these patents includes: US Patent No 6,177,885, "System and method for detecting traffic anomalies", US Patent No 7,186,345, "Systems for water purification through supercritical oxidation", and US Patent No 7,688,605, "Systems and methods for reducing the magnitude of harmonics produced by a power inverter".[400][401]
  • Mario R. García Palmieri, Cardiologist
    García Palmieri is the first Hispanic to have the distinction of being designated a "Master" by the American College of Cardiology[402]
  • Sixto González Scientist
    First Puerto Rican Director of the Arecibo Observatory the world's largest single dish radio telescope.
  • Rosa A. González, Registered nurse
    Founder of "The Association of Registered Nurses of Puerto Rico" and author of various books related to her field where she denounced the discrimination against women and nurses in Puerto Rico.[403]
  • Isaac González Martínez urologist
    González Martínez was the first Puerto Rican urologist and a pioneer in the fight against cancer in the island.[404]
  • Olga D. González-Sanabria NASA engineer
    Is the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center and a member of the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame.
  • Amri Hernández-Pellerano NASA engineer
    Hernández-Pellerano designs, builds and tests the electronics that will regulate the solar array power in order to charge the spacecraft battery and distribute power to the different loads or users inside various spacecraft at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • Gloria Hernandez Physical Scientist, aerospace technologist
    Hernandez is the Science Manager for the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III on ISS) at NASA Langley Research Center. Her career has included supersonic aerodynamic research that has resulted in economic advances in supersonic flight.[405]
  • Lucas G. Hortas Aerospace engineer, aerospace technologist
    Hortas is the author and or co-author of over 35 technical papers in the areas of system identification, vibration control and isolation, optimal control design and implementation, optimal actuator/sensor placement, model testing, and experimental verification of control methodologies
  • Ramón E. López Physicist
    Lopez, a Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Texas at Arlington, is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and recipient of the 2002 Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service. He is the co-author of a book on space weather entitled "Storms from the Sun"[406]
  • Fernando López Tuero Agricultural scientist and agronomist
    López Tuero discovered the bug (believed at first to be a germ) which was destroying Puerto Rico's sugar canes.[407]
  • Carlos A. Liceaga Electronic engineer, aerospace technologist
    Liceaga leads the development of proposal guidelines; and the technical, management, and cost evaluation of the proposals For the Explorer Program.
  • Gerónimo Lluberas Physician, writer, educator, medical missionary
  • Ariel Lugo Scientist and ecologist
    Lugo is the Director of the International Institute of Tropical Forestry within the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, based in Puerto Rico. He is a founding Member of the Society for Ecological Restoration and Member-at-Large of the Board of the Ecological Society of America.[48]
  • Debbie Martínez Computer engineer, aero-space technologist
    Martinez is the "Flight Systems and Software Branch" software manager for the new Cockpit Motion Facility at NASA Langley Research Center.
  • Lissette Martinez Electronic engineer, rocket scientist
    Martinez is the lead electrical engineer for the Space Experiment Module program at the Wallops Flight Facility located in Virginia which is part of NASA's Goddard Flight Facility.
  • Manuel Martínez Maldonado is a Nephrologist, educator, poet and author
    Martínez Maldonado has authored numerous scientific publications and discovered a natriuretic hormone.[408]
  • Antonio Mignucci
    Marine Biologist and oceanographer. Founder of the Red Caribeña de Varamientos.
  • Carlos Ortiz Longo Mechanical engineer
    Chief of Crew Health Care Systems and Exercise Countermeasures in NASA.
  • William G. Pagán Software Engineer, IBM Master Inventor, and Patent Attorney
    As of March 2015, Pagán was listed as an inventor on 56 United States patents[409] and over 120 published patent applications.[410]
  • Joseph O. Prewitt Díaz psychologist
    Prewitt Díaz specialized in psychosocial theory. He was the recipient of the American Psychological Association's 2008 International Humanitarian Award.[411]
  • Mercedes Reaves Research engineer and scientist
    Reaves is responsible for the design of a viable full-scale solar sail and the development and testing of a scale model solar sail at NASA Langley Research Center.
  • Ron Rivera Inventor and workshop organizer
    Invented life-saving water filters based on pottery.[412]
  • Juan A. Rivero Scientist, educator
    Founded the Dr. Juan A. Rivero Zoo in Mayagüez, has discovered numerous animal species and has written several books.
  • Miriam Rodon-Naveira Puerto Rican NASA scientist
    Rodón-Naveira was the first Hispanic woman to hold the Deputy Directorship for the Environmental Sciences Division within the National Exposure Research Laboratory.
  • Miguel Rodríguez, mechanical engineer,
    Chief of the Integration Office of the Cape Canaveral Spaceport Management Office.
  • Pedro Rodriguez Inventor, Mechanical Engineer
    Rodríguez is the director of a test laboratory at NASA. He invented a portable, battery-operated lift seat for people suffering from knee arthritis.
  • Helen Rodriguez-Trias Physician and activist
    Rodriguez-Trias was a physician and activist. She was the first Latina president of The American Public Health Association, a founding member of the Women's Caucus of the American Public Health Association and the recipient of the Presidential Citizen's Medal. (see also "Civil rights activists")[172]
  • Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas, Dentist, scientist
    Rodríguez Vargas discovered the bacteria which causes dental cavity (see also: "Military").
  • Monserrate Roman Scientist, microbiologist
    Roman helped build the International Space Station.
  • Gualberto Ruaño biotechnology pioneer and founder of Genomas, Inc.
    Ruaño is a pioneer in the field of personalized medicine and the inventor of molecular diagnostic systems, Coupled Amplification and Sequencing (CAS) System (U.S. patent 5,427,911), used worldwide for the management of viral diseases. Ruaño is President and Founder of Genomas, a genetics-related company and now the bio-tech anchor of Hartford Hospital's Genetic Research Center; he also serves as Director of genetics research at the Center.[413]
  • José Francisco Salgado Emmy-nominated astronomer, visual artist, and science communicator
    Salgado works as an astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago and is a member of the audiovisual ensemble Bailey-Salgado Project.[414]
  • Eduardo Santiago Delpín Surgeon
    Santiago Delpin wrote the first book in Spanish about organ transplant.[415]
  • Yajaira Sierra Sastre
    Sierra Sastre was chosen to take part in a new NASA project that will help to determine why astronauts don’t eat enough, having noted that they get bored with spaceship food and end up with problems like weight loss and lethargy that put their health at risk. She will live for four months isolated in a planetary module at a base in Hawaii to simulate what life will be like for astronauts at a future base on Mars. Sierra Sastre is an aspiring astronaut.[416][417]
  • Diego R. Solís Physician
    Solís made Puerto Rican medical history when he performed the first simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant in Puerto Rico.[418]
  • Félix Soto Toro Electrical engineer, astronaut applicant
    Soto Toro developed the Advanced Payload Transfer Measurement System (ASPTMS)(Electronic 3D measuring system).
  • Agustín Stahl Botanist
    Scientist the fields of botany, ethnology and zoology.
  • Ramón M. Suárez Calderon Scientist, cardiologist, educator and hematologist
    His investigations led to the identification of the proper and effective treatment of a type of anemia known as Tropical Espru, the application of complex methods, such as electrocardiography and radioisotope, to be used in clinics and the identification and treatment of the disease which causes heart rheumatism.[407]
  • Fermín Tangüis Scientist, businessman, agriculturist and
    Tangüis developed the Tanguis cotton in Peru and saved that nation's cotton industry.[419]
  • Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson Astrophysicist, television and radio host
    Dr. deGrasse Tyson, whose mother is Puerto Rican, is the director of the Hayden Planetarium in New York City. Dr. deGrasse Tyson is the host of the PBS series "Cosmos: A Personal Voyage".[420].

Politicians

José de Diego - "The Father of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement"
Federico Degetau – writer, author, and resident commissioner
Pedro Albizu Campos - President and principal leader of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party.
José E. Serrano – U. S. Congressman for New York City
Maurice Ferré – Mayor of Miami
Nydia Velázquez – Congresswoman from New York City
Luis Gutiérrez – Congressman from Chicago
File:McClontock.JPG
Kenneth McClintock - the Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
José Coll y Cuchí - Founder of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party

19th century

20th century

21st century

Sports

Santos "Sandy" Alomar – Cleveland Indians baseball player
Orlando Cepeda – MLB first baseman, second Puerto Rican in Baseball Hall of Fame
José Juan Barea – professional basketball player with the Dallas Mavericks
Carlos Delgado – MLB player, New York Mets
Reggie Jackson – Major League Baseball right fielder
Edgar Martínez – MLB player with the Seattle Mariners
Jorge Posada – New York Yankees catcher
Iván Rodríguez – MLB catcher for the Washington Nationals
Alfredo L. Escalera – Kansas City Royals outfielder. Youngest player ever drafted
Mike Lowell – MLB third baseman
Juan Evangelista Venegas – Olympic medalist

A

B

C

D

E

F

  • Gigi Fernández
    tennis player, the first female athlete from her native Puerto Rico to turn professional,[449] the first Puerto Rican woman to ever win an Olympic gold medal and the first to be inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.[450]
  • Lisa Fernandez
    softball, Olympic gold medalist, (Puerto Rican mother).
  • Orlando Fernández a.k.a. "The Puerto Rican Aquaman"
    Swimmer, the first Puerto Rican to swim across the Strait of Gibraltar.[451]
  • Ed Figueroa
    baseball pitcher, first Puerto Rican to win 20 games in Major League.
  • Enrique Figueroa
    sailing

G

H

J

  • Reggie Jackson
    baseball player, member of Baseball Hall of Fame (Puerto Rican father).

K

L

M

N

O

  • Luis Olmo
    first Puerto Rican to hit home run in World Series.
  • Fres Oquendo
    professional boxer.
  • John Orozco
    Olympic gymnast
  • Carlos Ortiz
    boxer, former, Jr. welterweight and lightweight champion; member of Boxing Hall of Fame.
  • José Ortiz
    former basketball player, PDP candidate for elective office in 2008.
  • Luis Ortiz
    boxer, first Puerto Rican to win a Silver Olympic medal.

P

Q

  • Carlos Quintana
    professional boxer, former World Boxing Organization's welterweight champion.

R

S

T

V

W

Taínos

Visual artists

José Campeche
File:Francisco Oller.jpg
Francisco Oller

Miscellaneous

Félix Rigau Carrera

Gallery

See also

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Notes

References

  1. ↑ Wesleyan University
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ http://www.elnuevodia.com/fallece_awilda_carbia/548014.html
  4. ↑ 26th Annual Young Artist Awards – Nominations / Special Awards
  5. ↑ Puerto Rican TV Pioneer Paquito Cordero Dies
  6. ↑ "Sesame Street Announces New Latino Character 'Mando' Played By Ismael Cruz Córdova"; The Huffington Post
  7. ↑ New York Times; A Surprise at the Door, Joey Dedio Stars as ‘Tio Papi’
  8. ↑ New York’s International Puerto Rican Heritage Film Festival set to kick off Nov. 13; New York Daily News
  9. ↑ "Melodie Diaz". Paper. 11 September 2009.
  10. ↑ Hot New Actress Has Fun with Dick and Jane
  11. ↑ Meagan Good Bio
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ From Priscilla López, the lowdown on 'In the Height' from http://www.nj.com, 28 February 2008
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. "Entre boleros, travestismos y migraciones translocales: Manuel Ramos Otero, Jorge Merced y El bolero fue mi ruina del Teatro Pregones del Bronx." Revista Iberoamericana 71.212 (July–September 2005): 887–907.
  16. ↑ Rodríguez-Matos, Carlos. "Frances Negrón-Muntaner." In David William Foster, ed., Latin American Writers on Gay and Lesbian Themes (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994): 288-290. ISBN 0-313-28479-2
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ http://abc.go.com/shows/once-upon-a-time/cast/evil-queen
  19. ↑ Puerto Rico Popular Culture
  20. ↑ Is 'Glee' Star Naya Rivera Singing Love Songs to Costar Mark Salling? from Latina 19 March 2010
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ http://www.elnuevodia.com/diario/noticia/musica/flash/fallece_la_actriz_boricua_olga_san_juan
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. Queer Ricans: Cultures and Sexualities in the Diaspora. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. ISBN 0816640920
  25. ↑ 40 Aňos de Cine Puertoriqueňo
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Official Normandie Hotel website
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  31. ↑ see Enrique Vivoni "Klumb: An Architecture of Social Concern, 2006.
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  35. ↑ Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying Official, and Felix J. del Campo, State Historian and Jorge Ortiz, Architect. Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) 27 April 1987. In National Register of Historic Places Registration Form – Banco Credito y Ahorro Ponceño. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Section 8, Page 3. Listing Reference Number 87001002. 25 June 1987.
  36. ↑ Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying Official; Felix Juan del Campo, State Historian; and Hector F. Santiago, State Architectural Historian, Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) August 1987. In National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 87001826: Residencia Subira/Residencia Frau. 29 October 1987.
  37. ↑ Armando Morales Pares, State Architect, S.H.P.O., Abelardo Gonzalez Aviles, Architect, Centro de Investigaciones Folkloricas de Puerto Rico (Ponce, Puerto Rico), State Historic Preservation Officer, Certifying Officer. 18 May 1984. In National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form – Villaronga Residence. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 84003151. 24 August 1984.
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  39. ↑ Hedgebrook
  40. ↑ Miguel Algarin Web Site
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  58. ↑ Zenobia Camprubí Ayer.
  59. ↑ Biography of Jesus Colon
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  61. ↑ PRCC
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  64. ↑ JS Theatre
  65. ↑ CHRONOLOGY of EUGENIO MARÍA DE HOSTOS
  66. ↑ BIOGRAPHY
  67. ↑ El Diario/La Prensa - Caridad de la Luz Archived 3 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  68. ↑ Obituary New York Times
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  71. ↑ Isabel Freire de Matos por Esther Rivera Torres
  72. ↑ (Spanish) Ensayistas.org, Rosario Ferré. Retrieved 6 January 2007.
  73. ↑ CENTRO Academic Journal: Puerto Rican Poetry of The Last Four Decades
  74. ↑ Encyclopedia Puerto Rico.
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  81. ↑ Luis 1992, p. 1022
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  86. ↑ Tostones and Matzoh, a Puerto Rican-Jewish journey
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  88. ↑ Ponceños Ilustres. Municipality of Ponce.
  89. ↑ Official Home Page: Ciudad Seva
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  91. ↑ La Muerte no entra en un Palacio
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  94. ↑ Casa Biblioteca Concha Meléndez
  95. ↑ Sala Museo Manuel Méndez Ballester- Interamerican University
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  97. ↑ Hijos de Inmigrantes en República Dominicana from ariskelvyn.com
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  102. ↑ Puerto Rico Past and Present: An Encyclopedia By Ronald Fernandez, Serafín Méndez Méndez, Gail Cueto
  103. ↑ Honoree - Georgia Writers Hall of Fame
  104. ↑ Princeton's Children's Book Festival
  105. ↑ "XVIII Hombre del Pasado"; By; Eugenio Astol; El Libro de Puerto Rico
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  112. ↑ Jose Rivera awards and nominations at IMDB.com. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  113. ↑ Marie Teresa Rios
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  116. ↑ "Wilfredo G. Santa, M.D." N.Y. Encyclopedia of Famous Puerto Ricans. Online.
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  122. ↑ Life and Flow
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  133. ↑ [3] Archived 20 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
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  136. ↑ José R. Fernández y Martínez "Marqués de La Esperanza"
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  140. ↑ Three Centuries of Communications
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  143. ↑ Camalia Valdez – Bio
  144. ↑ NSHMBA Seattle
  145. ↑ El Nuevo Dia, October 2000
  146. ↑ El Diario/La Prensa
  147. ↑ Interview with David Alvarez
  148. ↑ Michigan State University Libraries
  149. ↑ Comic Book
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  151. ↑ Hispanic Heritage Plaza
  152. ↑ Comic Vine
  153. ↑ Haciendo Punto en Otro Son
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  155. ↑ Journal of American Ethnic History
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  178. ↑ Florida Institute of Technology Alumni of Note
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  184. ↑ Lloyd Banks
  185. ↑ Keshia Chanté Biography
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  273. ↑ Rivera to Quit Top Position In Fire Dept
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  276. ↑ Captain Correa
  277. ↑ Abercromby's Siege
  278. ↑ Challenging Changes
  279. ↑ Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico
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  284. ↑ Spanish–American War - Rivero Biography
  285. ↑ General Juan Rius Rivera
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  290. ↑ 25th Infantry
  291. ↑ Aponte's Education
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  293. ↑ Nieves, New York Times, 1993.
  294. ↑ site
  295. ↑ Sontag, Blind Man's Bluff.
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  300. ↑ Did You Know? Quick Facts on Latinos in the Military
  301. ↑ Toledo Blade - 9 June 1980
  302. ↑ Army Magazine
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  306. ↑ Carmelo Delgado. Retrieved 12 November 2007
  307. ↑ Navy News
  308. ↑ Esteves. Retrieved 6 November 2007
  309. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  310. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  311. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  312. ↑ Rachel Heyhoe
  313. ↑ USS Sloat (DE-245)
  314. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  315. ↑ "LAS WACS"-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Seginda Guerra Mundial; by: Carmen Garcia Rosado; page 60; 1ra. Edicion publicada en Octubre de 2006; 2da Edicion revisada 2007; Regitro tro Propiedad Intectual ELA (Government of Puerto Rico) #06-13P-)1A-399
  316. ↑ Negroni, Héctor Andrés. Historia Militar de Puerto Rico (A Military History of Puerto Rico). Turner Publishing. 1992. ISBN 84-7844-138-7. p 486.
  317. ↑ Historia
  318. ↑ History of USS John F. Kennedy
  319. ↑ 319.0 319.1 Women's Memorial
  320. ↑ Puerto Rico Herald
  321. ↑ Medal of Honor citation
  322. ↑ Ildelfonso López, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, Pg. 34, Publisher: AEELA, 1998. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  323. ↑ Martinez's DSC Citation
  324. ↑ Government executive
  325. ↑ "Gilberto Marxauch Acosta"; El Mundo; by: Luis O'Niel de Milan; 7 June 1957
  326. ↑ "US Naval Institute Proceedings"; "A Breach of Neutrality"; by: Lt. Isaiah Olch, US Navy; Vol. 62; July – December 1936
  327. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  328. ↑ BALTOPS 2003. Retrieved 5 July 2007
  329. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  330. ↑ Dr. Enrique Mendez, Jr. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Oral History Program
  331. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  332. ↑ 332.0 332.1 El Mundo; "La carrera de Jose Antonio Muñiz en las fuerzas aéreas de los EE. UU.; 26 April 1944; Number 9986; (Spanish) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "EM" defined multiple times with different content
  333. ↑ Navas
  334. ↑ Negroni Family
  335. ↑ THE OUTPOST WAR: US Marines in Korea Vol. 1 1952, By Lee Ballenger, Published 2000 Brassey's, Page 107, ISBN 1-57488-373-9
  336. ↑ Univision
  337. ↑ Mourning Journal
  338. ↑ National Guard Bureau
  339. ↑ "The Submarine Forces Diversity Trailblazer – Capt. Marion Frederick Ramirez de Arellano"; Summer 2007 Undersea Warfare magazine; pg.31
  340. ↑ UNDERSEA WARFARE Magazine article on Capt. Ramirez de Arellano
  341. ↑ Antonio J. Ramos, Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  342. ↑ Time magazine
  343. ↑ Descendants of Otto Julius Riefkohl
  344. ↑ Typhus and Doughboys: The American Polish Typhus Relief Expedition, 1919–1921 By Alfred E. Cornebise Pages 23, 25, 119 and 120
  345. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  346. ↑ Ildelfonso López, Tras las Huellas de Nuestro Paso, Pg. 40, Publisher: AEELA, 1998. Retrieved 25 June 2007.
  347. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  348. ↑ Barlow, NHC 2003.
  349. ↑ Puerto Rico Herald
  350. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  351. ↑ Women's Military Memorial
  352. ↑ Highlights in the History of U.S. Army Dentistry. See "16 March 1940" entry.
  353. ↑ San Francisco Cosmetic Dentistry
  354. ↑ Medal of Honor citation Medal of Honor citation
  355. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  356. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  357. ↑ Puerto Rico Herald
  358. ↑ Former Commanding Officers
  359. ↑ Making a Difference
  360. ↑ Toro Navy Cross citation.
  361. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Remarks by the President Bush at the Presentation of the Medal of Honor in the East Room of the White House.
  362. ↑ Villaronga Newsletter
  363. ↑ Designan nuevamente a Martha Carcana para dirigir la Guardia Nacional
  364. ↑ Special Forces Soldier, Blinded in Battle, Determined to Keep Serving; Fox News
  365. ↑ Stars and Stripes
  366. ↑ Our American Dream: Meet the First Latina US Military Pilot
  367. ↑ Puerto Rico chooses soldier for next police chief
  368. ↑ Noticentro
  369. ↑ United States Air Force Academy, Cadet makes history as Rhodes recipient, By Megumi Johnston
  370. ↑ Puerto Rico, 27 November 2007, AFA cadet first Puerto Rican Rhodes scholar
  371. ↑ U.S. Army Library
  372. ↑ Arlington National Cemetery
  373. ↑ Col Evelio "EJ" Otero Jr.
  374. ↑ 374.0 374.1 Brigadier General Hector E. Pagan Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BIO" defined multiple times with different content
  375. ↑ Fallen Heroes Memorial
  376. ↑ Maritza Sáenz Ryan - Bio.
  377. ↑ Yita Joan Frontera Lluch
  378. ↑ Mail News
  379. ↑ Marc Sasseville
  380. ↑ Griffith, Frank. "Puerto Rican soldier killed in Chinook helicopter downing buried with full military honors". [6]. Associated Press, 10 November 2003.
  381. ↑ Zumwalt assumes 48th Chemical Brigade command
  382. ↑ Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
  383. ↑ Patents By Inventor Jorge N. Amely-Velez
  384. ↑ Bailey K. Ashford
  385. ↑ Puerto Rico Por Encima de Todo: Vida y Obra de Antonio R. Barceló, 1868-1938; by: Delma S. Arrigoitia; Publisher: Ediciones Puerto (January 2008); ISBN 978-1-934461-69-3
  386. ↑ Gyncare
  387. ↑ El Escultor de las Galaxias
  388. ↑ NOAO NEWS
  389. ↑ Brief History of THE CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY
  390. ↑ MYCOLOGICAL NEWS
  391. ↑ José F. Cordero, MD, MPH
  392. ↑ 392.0 392.1 "Scientist from Puerto Rico, Maria Cordero Hardy (American Women in Science Biography)" By: Mary Ellen Verheyden-Hilliard; Publisher: Equity Institute; First edition. edition (June 1985); ISBN 0-932469-02-7; ISBN 978-0-932469-02-1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SPR" defined multiple times with different content
  393. ↑ NASA Scientist Recognized As Innovator
  394. ↑ Revista para los Medicos de Puerto Rico
  395. ↑ NASA magazine
  396. ↑ Adolfo Figueroa-Viñas
  397. ↑ Chemotherapy of Human Filariasis by the Administration of Neostibosan
  398. ↑ Historia del Dr. José N. Gándara y de la escuela que lleva su nombre
  399. ↑ Admiral Joxel García's HHS Bio
  400. ↑ (WO/2004/072485) DIGITAL PRESSURE CONTROLLER FOR PUMP ASSEMBLY
  401. ↑ Lista de Instaladores Certificados
  402. ↑ "Dr. Mario R. García Palmieri recibe distinción prestigiosa"; Por: Rosa Rivera Medina; Especial para ESCENARIO
  403. ↑ Salud Promujer 1
  404. ↑ Isaac González Martínez. Retrieved 4 October 2008
  405. ↑ G. Hernandez
  406. ↑ National Society of Hispanic Physicist
  407. ↑ 407.0 407.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  408. ↑ Martinez Founders Medal Presentation
  409. ↑ William G. Pagán - Granted US Patents
  410. ↑ William G. Pagán - Published US Patent Applications
  411. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  412. ↑ Ron Rivera, Potter Devoted to Clean Water, Dies at 60.
  413. ↑ Genetic Roadmap Targets Drug Therapies from Hartford Business Review 30 November 2009
  414. ↑ [7]
  415. ↑ Dr. Eduardo Santiago Delpin
  416. ↑ Yajaira Sierra One Step Closer to Becoming First Puerto Rican Woman in Space
  417. ↑ Yajaira Sierra dreams of being 1st Puerto Rican woman in space
  418. ↑ Medicos
  419. ↑ Un Modelo de Vida (A role model in his lifetime)
  420. ↑ Puerto Rican astrophysicist set to inspire next generation to reach for the stars with new science show
  421. ↑ Jos Jose de Diego Biography.
  422. ↑ Biographies of Alcaldes of San Juan (in Spanish)
  423. ↑ Protagonistas de la Guerra Hispano Americana en Puerto Rico Parte XII
  424. ↑ LexJuris
  425. ↑ Biblioteca digital
  426. ↑ Maria Sanchez: Godmother of the Puerto Rican Community
  427. ↑ Puerto Rican Vying to Be Chicago’s First Hispanic Mayor from the Latin American Herald Tribune 11 September 2010
  428. ↑ Ley Núm. 282 del año 2006
  429. ↑ Rogelio Figueroa
  430. ↑ East Harlem News
  431. ↑ Link to Bill
  432. ↑ Virgin Islands Governor Juan Francisco Luis
  433. ↑ NY Times
  434. ↑ 434.0 434.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  435. ↑ Raul Labrador for Congress (official campaign website)
  436. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  437. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  438. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  439. ↑ New York Times – A Non-Black Player Joins Globetrotters
  440. ↑ BoxRec
  441. ↑ Horse Racing History
  442. ↑ Born in Coamo, Puerto Rico, became "the father of Dominican baseball"
  443. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  444. ↑ "Pioneros Puertorriqueños en Nueva York"; by Joaquin Colon Lopez; pages: 229, 230; Publisher: Arte Publico Press (November 2001); ISBN 1-55885-335-9; ISBN 978-1-55885-335-5
  445. ↑ Vancouver welcomes the world
  446. ↑ New York Times
  447. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  448. ↑ El Nuevo Dia article
  449. ↑ according to Hispanic Magazine, 1988
  450. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  451. ↑ Cruce a Nado en la Playa de Ponce este septiembre
  452. ↑ Boxing Hall of Fame
  453. ↑ Pro-Football-Reference.com, Players, Aaron Hernandez. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
  454. ↑ LATIN-AMERICAN MARTIAL ARTS SOCIETY WORLD-WIDE HALL OF FAME
  455. ↑ Puerto Rico Herald
  456. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  457. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  458. ↑ AMG Lite
  459. ↑ Femalemuscle by Lori Victoria Braun
  460. ↑ BoxRec
  461. ↑ ESPN – Sports
  462. ↑ NBA.com Profile – Peter John Ramos
  463. ↑ Introducing Natasha Sagardia of Puerto Rico!
  464. ↑ 464.0 464.1 FOR THE STEFFENS, WATER POLO IS A FAMILY AFFAIR, ESPN
  465. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  466. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  467. ↑ The Washington Post, "In ’88 Games, two Virginians skied for Puerto Rico"
  468. ↑ PRFAA
  469. ↑ Art Premium
  470. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  471. ↑ Puerto Rican Art
  472. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  473. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  474. ↑ Beyond the Barrio, With Growing Pains from The New York Times 9 October 2009
  475. ↑ [8]
  476. ↑ Manuel Rivera-Ortiz
  477. ↑ History of Puerto Rican Painting
  478. ↑ "Samuel E Vázquez: From Street To Gallery" Scott Shoger, "Nuvo", July 1, 2013
  479. ↑ "Samuel E Vázquez: Graffiti Was Our Social Network" Karla D. Romero, "Humanize", No. 20, Spring 2013
  480. ↑ Mrs. Torres Gets Life Term For Fatal Bombing in 1977, The New York Times, 24 May 1980
  481. ↑ Elisa Esther Colberg Ramirez Biography is Spanish
  482. ↑ Celebrating the Centennial in Puerto Rico
  483. ↑ oseosvaldo.freeyellow.com/Felix.html joseosvaldo@freeyellow.com Felix Rigau Carrera, (Spanish)
  484. ↑ The seasoned traveler
  485. ↑ Inter-American Press Association
  486. ↑ Super Wclusivo
  487. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  488. ↑ 11 Arrested as Puerto Rican Terrorists
  489. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  490. ↑ Jamaica Court of Appeals: Dahdoub vs. Vaz - 2008 (Page 7) from Judiciary of Jamaica
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