List of sovereign states in 1494

The notion of a sovereign state arises in the mid-16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.

Sovereign states

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A

• Adal – Adal Sultanate
• Algiers – Sultanate of Algiers
• Alodia – Kingdom of Alodia
• mahiya
• Andorra – Principality of Andorra
• Aq Qoyunlu – Aq Qoyunlu Federation
• Arakan – Sultanate of Arakan
• Ashanti – Empire of Ashanti
• Assam – Kingdom of Assam
• Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan
• Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
• Aztec Empire – Aztec Empire

B

• Béarn – Viscountcy of Béarn
• Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal
• Benin – Benin Empire
• Bhadgaon – Kingdom of Bhadgaon
• Bosnian Kingdom

C

• Ceylon – Kotte Kingdom
• Cherokee – Cherokee Tribe
• China – Empire of the Great Ming
• Connaught – Kingdom of Connaught
• Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
• Creek – Creek Tribe
• Crimea – Crimean Khanate

D

• Deccan – Sultanate of Deccan
• Delhi – Sultanate of Delhi

E

• England – Kingdom of England
• Ethiopia – Empire of Ethiopia

F

• Ferrara – Ferrara
• Fez – Kingdom of Fez
• Florence – Republic of Florence
• France – Kingdom of France
• Funj – Funj Tribe

G

• Genoa – Republic of Genoa
• Gondwana – Kingdom of Gondwana
• Golden Horde – Golden Horde
• Gujarat – Sultanate of Gujarat

H

• Haasa – Haasa Tribe
• Ifriqiya – Ruled by the Hafsid dynasty
• Hawsa – Hawsa Tribe
• Hedjaz – Sultanate of Hedjaz
• Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
• Huron – Huron Tribe

I

• Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti, with autonomous vassals:
  • Guria – Principality of Guria
  • Mingrelia – Principality of Mingrelia, with vassal:
    • Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
  • Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti
• Inca Empire – Inca Empire
• Iroquois – Iroquois, the Nations

J

• Japan – divided into small warring states
• Jolof – Jolof Empire, with vassal:
  • Waalo – Kingdom of Waalo

K

• Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti
• Kalmar Union – Kalmar Union, consisting of
  • Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
  • Norway – Kingdom of Norway
  • Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
• Kanem Bornu – Empire of Kanem Bornu
• Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli
• Kashmir – Sultanate of Kashmir
• Kathmandu – Kingdom of Kathmandu
• Kazakh Khanate – Kazakh Khanate
• Kazan – Khanate of Kazan
• Khandesh – Sultanate of Khandesh
• Knights of St. John – Knights of St. John
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
• Kotoko – Kotoko Kingdom

L

• Lucca – Republic of Lucca

M

• Majapahit – Majapahit Empire
• Malacca – Sultanate of Malacca
• Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Mali – Mali Empire
• Malwa – Sultanate of Malwa
• Mamluk Sultanate – Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
• Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara
• Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Maya – Maya Empire
• Modena – Duchy of Modena
• Moldavia – Principality of Moldavia
• Mong Mao – Mong Mao
• Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
• Mughalistan – Khanate of Mughalistan
• Munster – Kingdom of Munster
• Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
• Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Moscow
• Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore

N

• Najd – Kingdom of Najd
• Naples – Kingdom of Napl?!es
• Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre
• Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal

O

• Oman – Sultanate of Oman
• Orissa – Kingdom of Orissa
• Ottoman Empire – Ottoman Empire, with vassals:
  • Crimea – Crimean Khanate
  • Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia
• Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Papal States – States of the Church
• Patan – Kingdom of Patan
• Pegu – Kingdom of Pegu
• Poland-Lithuania – Polish-Lithuanian Union, a personal union between:
  • Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with vassal:
    • Jagoldai – Duchy of Jagoldai
  • Poland – Kingdom of Poland
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
• Pskov – Pskov Feudal Republic

Q

• Qara Koyunlu – Federation of Qara Koyunlu
• Qasim – Qasim Khanate

R

• Ragusa – Republic of Ragusa
• Rajputna – Kingdom of Rajputna
• Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan
• Ryūkyū – Ryūkyū Kingdom

S

• Saaremaa – Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
• Saluzzo – Marquisate of Saluzzo
• Samtskhe – Principality of Samtskhe
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
• Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
• Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland
• Shan – Kingdom of Shan
• Shawnee – Tribe of Shawnee
• Siberia – Khanate of Sibir
• Siena – Republic of Siena
• Sind – Sultanate of Sind
• Songhai – Songhai Empire
• Spain – Spain, a loose union between:
  • Aragon – Crown of Aragon, consisting of:
    • Aragon – Kingdom of Aragon
    • Catalonia – Principality of Catalonia
    • Majorca – Kingdom of Majorca
    • Sicily – Kingdom of Sicily
    • Valencia – Kingdom of Valencia
  • Castile and León – Crown of Castile, consisting of:
    • Castile – Kingdom of Castile
    • León – Kingdom of León
• Sukhothai – Kingdom of Sukhothai
• Sulu – Sulu Sultanate
• Swahili – Swahili Tribe

T

• Tartu – Bishopric of Tartu
• Taungu – Kingdom of Taungu
• Teutonic Knights – Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
• Texcoco – Kingdom of Texcoco
• Tibet – Tibet
• Timurid Empire
• Travancore – Kingdom of Travancore
• Tripoli – Kingdom of Tripoli

V

• Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice
• Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire

W

• Wallachia – Principality of Wallachia
• Wattasids – Wattasid Sultanate

Y

• Yemen – Kingdom of Yemen

Z

• Zapotec – Zapotec tribe
• Zeta – Principality of Zeta