List of the first female holders of political offices in North and Central America and the Caribbean
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Contents
- 1 Antigua and Barbuda
- 2 The Bahamas
- 3 Barbados
- 4 Belize
- 5 Bermuda
- 6 British Virgin Islands
- 7 Canada
- 8 Cayman Islands
- 9 Costa Rica
- 10 Dominica
- 11 El Salvador
- 12 Grenada
- 13 Guatemala
- 14 Haiti
- 15 Honduras
- 16 Jamaica
- 17 Mexico
- 18 Nicaragua
- 19 Panama
- 20 Puerto Rico
- 21 Trinidad and Tobago
- 22 United States
- 23 Uruguay
- 24 See also
- 25 References
Antigua and Barbuda
The Bahamas
- Foreign minister – Janet Bostwick – 1994[citation needed]
- Governor-General – Dame Ivy Dumont – 2001[citation needed]
- Prime Minister (acting) – Cynthia Pratt – 2005
Barbados
- Minister of Parliament (House of Assembly) – Dame Edna ("Ermie") Bourne – 1951[1]
- Health minister – Billie Miller – 1976[1]
- Governor-General – Dame Nita Barrow – 1990
- Foreign minister – Dame Billie Miller – 1994
- President of the Senate – Sen. Kerry-Ann Ifill – First woman and blind person – 2012[2][3]
Belize
- Governor-General – Dame Minita Gordon – 1981[citation needed]
- Mayor of Belize City – Zenaida Moya – 2006[citation needed]
- Foreign minister – Lisa Shoman – 2007[citation needed]
- President of Senate – Andrea Gill – 2008[citation needed]
Bermuda
- Premier – Pamela F. Gordon – 1997
British Virgin Islands
Canada
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- Monarch – Queen Victoria – 1867[5]
- City councillor and first woman elected to any political office in Canada – Hannah Gale – 1917[citation needed]
- Member of a provincial legislature – Louise McKinney (Alberta) – 1917 (first female legislator in the British Empire)[citation needed]
- Member of Parliament – Agnes Macphail – 1921[6]
- Senator – Cairine Wilson – 1930[7]
- Mayor – Barbara Hanley, Webbwood, Ontario – 1936[8]
- Mayor of a city – Charlotte Whitton, Ottawa, Ontario – 1951[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party at the provincial level – Thérèse Casgrain (Parti social démocratique du Québec) – 1951[9]
- Cabinet minister – Ellen Fairclough – 1958[10]
- Candidate for the leadership of a federal political party – Mary Walker-Sawka – 1967[citation needed]
- Speaker of the Canadian Senate – Muriel McQueen Fergusson – 1972[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party which won an election – Hilda Watson – 1978[11][citation needed]
- Secretary of State for External Affairs – Flora MacDonald – 1979[citation needed]
- Speaker of the House – Jeanne Sauvé – 1980[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party with seats in a provincial legislature – Alexa McDonough (Nova Scotia New Democratic Party) – 1980[citation needed]
- Governor General – Jeanne Sauvé – 1984[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party at the federal level – Kathryn Cholette (Green) – 1988[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons – Audrey McLaughlin (NDP) – 1989[citation needed]
- Premier of a province – Rita Johnston (BC) – 1991[12]
- Premier of a territory – Nellie Cournoyea (NWT) – 1991[citation needed]
- Prime Minister – Kim Campbell – 1993[13]
- Leader of the Government in the Senate – Joyce Fairbairn – 1993[citation needed]
- Premier of a province in a general election – Catherine Callbeck (PEI) – 1993[12][citation needed]
- Deputy Prime Minister of Canada – Sheila Copps – 1993[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons – Deborah Grey – 2000[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition in the Senate – Céline Hervieux-Payette – 2007[citation needed]
Ontario
- Federal Member of Parliament – Agnes Macphail – 1921[citation needed]
- Member of Provincial Parliament – Agnes Macphail and Rae Luckock – 1943[citation needed]
- Deputy Premier – Bette Stephenson – 1985[citation needed]
- Mayor of Toronto – June Rowlands – 1991[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Lyn McLeod – 1992[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition – Lyn McLeod – 1992[citation needed]
- Premier – Kathleen Wynne – 2013[citation needed]
Manitoba
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Edith Rogers – 1920[14]
- Winnipeg City Councillor – Jessie Kirk – 1920[14]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Margaret Konantz (Rogers' daughter) – 1963[14]
- Speaker of the Legislative Assembly – Thelma Forbes – 1963[citation needed]
- Member of the Executive Council – Thelma Forbes – 1966[14]
- First Nations band chief – Jean Folster (as Chief of Norway House Cree Nation) – 1971[14]
- Deputy Premier – Muriel Smith – 1971[14]
- Lieutenant Governor – Pearl McGonigal – 1981[14]
- Leader of a political party – Sharon Carstairs – 1984[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition – Sharon Carstairs – 1988[citation needed]
- Mayor of Winnipeg – Susan Thompson – 1992[14]
Saskatchewan
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Sarah Ramsland – 1919[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Dorise Nielsen – 1940[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Lynda Haverstock – 1989[citation needed]
New Brunswick
- Federal Member of Parliament – Margaret Rideout – 1964[citation needed]
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Brenda Robertson – 1967[citation needed]
- Cabinet minister – Brenda Robertson – 1970[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Elizabeth Weir and Barbara Baird – 1989[citation needed]
Quebec
- Leader of a political party – Thérèse Casgrain – 1951[9]
- Member of the National Assembly – Marie-Claire Kirkland – 1961[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Monique Bégin, Albanie Morin and Jeanne Sauvé – 1972[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition – Monique Gagnon-Tremblay – 1998[citation needed]
- Speaker of the National Assembly – Louise Harel – 2002[citation needed]
- Mayor of Quebec City – Andrée Boucher – 2005[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party with representation in the legislature – Pauline Marois – 2007[citation needed]
- Premier – Pauline Marois – 2012
Alberta
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Louise McKinney and Roberta MacAdams – 1917[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Cora Taylor Casselman – 1941[citation needed]
- Mayor of Edmonton – Janice Rhea Reimer – 1989[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Pam Barrett – 1996[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly – Nancy MacBeth – 1998[citation needed]
- Premier of Alberta – Allison Redford – 2011
Nova Scotia
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Gladys Porter – 1960[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Coline Campbell – 1974[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Alexa McDonough – 1980[citation needed]
British Columbia
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Mary Ellen Smith – 1918[citation needed]
- Cabinet minister – Mary Ellen Smith – 1921[citation needed]
- Speaker of the Legislative Assembly – Mary Ellen Smith – 1928[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Pauline Jewett – 1963[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Rita Johnston – 1991[citation needed]
- Premier – Rita Johnston – 1991[citation needed]
- Leader of the Opposition – Joy MacPhail – 2001[citation needed]
Prince Edward Island
- Candidate for the Legislative Assembly – Hilda Ramsay – 1951[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Margaret Mary Macdonald – 1961[citation needed]
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Jean Canfield – 1970[citation needed]
- Cabinet minister – Jean Canfield – 1972[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Pat Mella – 1990[citation needed]
- Premier – Catherine Callbeck – 1993[citation needed]
Newfoundland and Labrador
- Member of the House of Assembly of Newfoundland (pre-Confederation) – Helena Squires – 1930[15]
- Member of the House of Assembly (post-Confederation) – Hazel McIsaac – 1975[citation needed]
- Cabinet ministers – Lynn Verge and Hazel Newhook – 1979[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Jean Payne and Bonnie Hickey – 1993[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Lynn Verge – 1995[citation needed]
- Premier – Kathy Dunderdale – 2010
Yukon
- Federal Member of Parliament – Martha Black – 1935[citation needed]
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – G. Jean Gordon – 1967[citation needed]
- Leader of a political party – Hilda Watson – 1978[citation needed]
- Premier – Pat Duncan – 2000[citation needed]
Northwest Territories
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Lena Pedersen (Pederson) – 1970[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Ethel Blondin-Andrew – 1988[citation needed]
- Premier – Nellie Cournoyea – 1991[citation needed]
- Federal Member of Parliament – Nancy Karetak-Lindell – 1999[citation needed]
- Member of the Legislative Assembly – Manitok Thompson – 1999[citation needed]
- Premier – Eva Aariak – 2008[16]
Cayman Islands
- Premier – Julianna O'Connor-Connolly – 2012
Costa Rica
- Interior minister – Janina del Vecchio Ugalde – 2008[citation needed]
- President – Laura Chinchilla – 2010[citation needed]
Dominica
- Minister of Communications & Works – Mabel Moir James – 1966[citation needed]
- Minister of Home Affairs – Mabel Moir James – 1970[citation needed]
- Prime Minister – Dame Eugenia Charles – 1980[citation needed]
- Foreign minister – Eugenia Charles – 1980[citation needed]
- Defence minister – Dame Eugenia Charles – 1985[citation needed]
- Minister for Health and Social Security – Doreen Paul – 1995
- Minister for Community Development, Women's Affairs and Culture – Gertrude Roberts – 1995
- Minister of State in the Ministry of Tourism with responsibility for festivals/ Minister for Community Development, Gender Affairs, Information and Culture – Loreen Bannis-Roberts – 2005
- Minister for Education, Youth Affairs, Human Resource Development and Sports – Se. Sonia Williams – 2008
- Minister for Culture, Youth Affairs and Sports – Justina Charles – 2010
- Minister for Social Services, Community Development and Gender Affairs – Gloria Shillingford – 2010
El Salvador
- Minister of Foreign Affairs – María Eugenia Brizuela de Ávila – 1999[citation needed]
- Vice President – Ana Vilma de Escobar – 2004[citation needed]
- Mayor of San Salvador – Violeta Menjívar – 2005[citation needed]
Grenada
- Governor – Dame Hilda Bynoe – 1968[citation needed]
- Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade – 2013
- President of the Senate – Margaret Neckles – 1990[citation needed]
- Speaker of the House of Representatives – Marcelle Peters – 1992[citation needed]
- Foreign minister – Clarice Modeste-Curwen – 2014
Guatemala
- Minister of Foreign Affairs – Maritza Ruiz de Vielman – 1994[citation needed]
- Interior minister – Adela Camacho de Torrebiarte – 2007[citation needed]
Haiti
- President (provisional) – Ertha Pascal-Trouillot – 1990[citation needed]
- Foreign minister- Claudette Werleigh – 1993[citation needed]
- Prime Minister – Claudette Werleigh – 1995[citation needed]
Honduras
- Foreign Minister – Patricia Rodas – 2009
- Vice President – María Antonieta de Bográn – 2010
Jamaica
Mexico
National offices
- Member of the Chamber of Deputies – Elvia Carrillo Puerto – 1922[citation needed]
- Secretary of Tourism and first female Secretary of state – Rosa Luz Alegría – 1980[citation needed]
- Secretary of Foreign Affairs – Rosario Green – 1998[citation needed]
- Secretary of Social Development – Josefina Vázquez Mota – 2000[citation needed]
- Secretary of Education – Josefina Vázquez Mota – 2006[citation needed]
- Secretary of Energy – Georgina Kessel – 2006[citation needed]
Local and municipal elected offices
- Mayor – Norma Villareal de Zambrano – 1967[citation needed]
State elected offices
Colima
- State governor – Griselda Álvarez, Colima – 1979[citation needed]
Tlaxcala
Yucatán
- Governor of Yucatán – Dulce María Sauri Riancho – 1991[citation needed]
- (First elected) Governor of Yucatán – Ivonne Ortega – 2007[citation needed]
Zacatecas
Federal District
Nicaragua
- President – Violeta Chamorro – 1990[citation needed]
- Interior minister – Ana Isabel Morales Mazún – 2007[citation needed]
Panama
- President – Mireya Moscoso – 1999[citation needed]
- Interior minister – Mariela Sagel – 1998[citation needed]
- Housing minister – Balbina Herrera – 2004[citation needed]
- Foreign minister – Isabel Saint Malo – 2014
Puerto Rico
- Governor – Sila María Calderón – 2000[17]
Trinidad and Tobago
- City Councillor – Port of Spain – Audrey Jeffers – 1936–1946[18]
- Mayor – San Fernando – Beryl Archibald Crichlow – 1949[19]
- Member of Parliament – Isabel Ursula Teshea – 1961–1970[20]
- Minister of Government – Isabel Ursula Teshea – 1963–1970[20]
- Speaker of the House of Representatives – Occah Seapaul – 1991–1995[21]
- Attorney General – Kamla Persad-Bissessar – 1995–1996[22]
- Acting Prime Minister – Kamla Persad-Bissessar – 2000[23]
- President of the Senate – Linda Baboolal – 2002–2007[24]
- Ombudsman – Lynette Anthea Stephenson – 2006 – Incumbent[25]
- Leader of the Opposition – Kamla Persad-Bissessar – 2006–2007 & 2010[22]
- Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives – Pennelope Beckles-Robinson – 2007–2010[26]
- Minister of Foreign Affairs – Paula Gopee-Scoon – 2007–2010[citation needed]
- Mayor – Chaguanas – Natasha Navas – 2009–2010[27]
- Prime Minister – Kamla Persad-Bissessar – 2010 – 2015[22]
- Vice-President of the Senate – Lyndira Oudit – 2010 – Incumbent[28]
- Opposition Chief Whip – Marlene McDonald – 2010 – Incumbent[29]
- Leader of Opposition Business in the Senate – Pennelope Beckles-Robinson – 2010 – Incumbent[26]
United States
Local and municipal elected offices
- Chairwoman of the Tohono O'odham Nation: Vivian Juan-Saunders (2003)[30]
- Chief of the Cherokee Nation: Wilma Mankiller (1985) [31]
- Mayor: Susanna M. Salter (1887)[32]
State elected offices
- State House of Representatives: Carrie C. Holly, Clara Cressingham, and Frances Klock (1894)[citation needed]
- State Senator: Martha Hughes Cannon (1896)[citation needed]
- Governor: Nellie Tayloe Ross (1925)[33]
- Speaker of a state house of representatives: Minnie Davenport Craig (1933)[citation needed]
- Lieutenant governor: Consuelo Northrop Bailey (1955)[citation needed]
- State Senate Majority Leader: Sandra Day O'Connor (1972)[34]
- Vermont House of Representatives: Edna Beard, 1921 [35][36][37]
- Vermont Senate: Edna Beard, 1923 [36][37]
National offices
Elected
- United States House of Representatives: Jeannette Rankin (1917)[38]
- United States Senator: Hattie Wyatt Caraway (1931)[39]
- Speaker of the House of Representatives: Nancy Pelosi (2007)[40]
National caucus or political party
- Chairperson of the Democratic Party National Committee: Jean Westwood (1972)[citation needed]
- Chairperson of the Republican Party National Committee: Mary Louise Smith (1974)[citation needed]
- House of Representatives Party Whip: Nancy Pelosi (2002)[citation needed]
- Party Leader of the House of Representatives: Nancy Pelosi (2002)[41]
- Chief Deputy Whip of the United States Senate: Barbara Boxer (2007)[citation needed]
Appointed
- U.S. Senator: Rebecca Latimer Felton (1922)[42]
- Cabinet & Secretary of Labor: Frances Perkins (1933)[43]
- Treasurer of the United States Georgia Neese Clark (1949)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare: Oveta Culp Hobby (1953)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Carla Anderson Hills (1975)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Commerce: Juanita M. Kreps (1977)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Health and Human Services: Patricia Roberts Harris (1979)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Education: Shirley Hufstedler (1979)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Transportation: Elizabeth Dole: (1983)[44]
- Attorney General: Janet Reno: (1993)[citation needed]
- Secretary of the Air Force: Sheila Widnall (1993)[citation needed]
- Secretary of State: Madeleine Albright (1997)[citation needed]
- Secretary of Agriculture: Ann Veneman (2001)[45]
- Secretary of the Interior: Gale Norton (2001)[46]
- Secretary of the Navy (acting): Susan Livingstone (2003)[citation needed]
Uruguay
- Legislative Power
- Deputies – Julia Arévalo de Roche, Magdalena Antonelli Moreno – 1943
- Senators – Sofía Álvarez Vignoli, Isabel Pinto de Vidal – 1943
- Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies – Nora Castro – 2005
- Speaker of the General Assembly – Lucía Topolansky – 15 February 2010
- Acting President of the Republic – Lucía Topolansky – 26–28 November 2010
- Municipal
- Member of municipal council – Alba Roballo – 1955
- National Government
- Culture minister – Alba Roballo – 1968[47]
- Defence minister – Azucena Berrutti – 2005[47]
- Health minister – María Julia Muñoz – 2005[47]
- Housing minister – Beatriz Martínez – 1999[47]
- Industries minister – Primavera Garbarino – 2000[47]
- Interior minister – Daisy Tourné – 2007[47]
- Labor minister – Ana Lía Piñeyrúa – 1995[47]
- Social Development minister – Marina Arismendi – 2005[47]
- Tourism minister – Liliam Kechichián – 2012[47]
- Judiciary
- Member of the Supreme Court – Sara Fons de Genta – 1981 / Jacinta Balbela – 1985
See also
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state
- List of elected or appointed female heads of government
- List of the first LGBT holders of political offices
References
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- ↑ Guide 2 Woman Leaders
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- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Watson led the Yukon Progressive Conservative Party into the territory's first-ever partisan legislative election; although her party won the election, Watson failed to win her own seat and thus did not become government leader.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Johnston became premier by winning the leadership of the governing party, but lost the subsequent election. Callbeck was the first female premier to win the office via her party winning a general election.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1330-e.html
- ↑ "Nunavut names new premier", The Globe and Mail, November 14, 2008.
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- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Women of the Hall National Women's Hall of Fame. (retrieved June 21, 2009)
- ↑ Susana Madora Salter-First Woman Mayor (Kansas Collection-Kansas Historical Quarterlies)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Jeannette Rankin at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- ↑ Hattie Wyatt Caraway at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Rebecca Latimer Felton at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
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- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 47.6 47.7 47.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Categories:
- Incomplete lists from February 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008
- Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008
- Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010
- Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011
- Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009
- Female heads of government
- Americas-related lists
- Lists of female political office-holders
- Lists of firsts
- North America-related lists