London fare zones

File:London Underground Overground DLR Crossrail map zone.svg

Route map of zonal system of the railway services directly managed by Transport for London. Stations only served by National Rail services are not shown in this map.

Rail service fares in Greater London and the surrounding area are calculated in accordance with the London fare zones system managed by Transport for London. Within London all London Underground, National Rail, London Overground, TfL Rail and Docklands Light Railway stations are assigned to nine fare zones. Fare zone 1 covers the central area and fare zones 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 form concentric rings around it. Some National Rail stations and all Transport for London served stations outside Greater London in the counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire and Surrey are either included in fare zones 4,5 or 6 or in extended zones beyond these. Transport for London fare zones are also known simply as zones or travelcard zones, referring to their use in calculating prices for the travelcard product. Before flat fares were introduced in 2004, fare zones were used on the London Buses network. London fare zones are also used for calculating the cost of single and return paper tickets, Oyster card pay-as-you-go fares and season tickets. A special fare applies on travelling to next statation: Oyster Card:£1.5(Off-peak)/£1.7(Peak) Cash:£2.3 (No matter how many zone you cross.)

History

Before the introduction of fare zones, tickets for rail travel in Greater London were purchased on a 'point-to-point' basis between two stations, either as a single, return or season ticket; and were priced according to distance travelled. During the early 1980s the London Transport Executive of the Greater London Council made a series of revisions to fares which introduced the fare zones. The purpose of creating zones was to simplify fares, in order to speed up the process of buying tickets. On buses this became necessary as the use of a conductor was being eliminated in favour of the driver selling tickets, which was having an impact on the time it took passengers to board the bus and therefore on journey times.

The first zones were introduced on 4 October 1981. The whole of Greater London was divided into bus zones where flat fares applied. On the London Underground the area that is now zone 1 was divided into two overlapping areas called City and West End. On 21 March 1982 fares to all other London Underground stations were graduated at three mile intervals—effectively creating zones—although they were not named as such until 1983 when the Travelcard product was launched covering five numbered zones. City and West End became zone 1 and the rest of Greater London was within zones 2, 3, 4 and 5. Further products were launched using the zones: One Day Travelcard (1984), Capitalcard (1985), One Day Capitalcard (1986). In January 1991 Zone 5 was split to create a new Zone 6.

Principal fare zones

All of Greater London is within the six principal fare zones numbered 1 to 6. Inner zone 1 forms a roughly circular area and covers central London. Each of five outer zones forms a concentric ring around it. Zones 4, 5 and 6 additionally extend into parts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Surrey. List of stations in each zone:

Zone	Inner London	Outer London	Outside London
1	Central London: City of London, Camden, Hackney, Islington, Kensington & Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark and Tower Hamlets
2	Camden, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith & Fulham, Islington, Kensington & Chelsea, Lambeth, Lewisham, Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Wandsworth and Westminster	Brent, Ealing, Hounslow, Newham
3	Camden, Greenwich, Hackney, Islington, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth	Barnet, Brent, Croydon, Ealing, Haringey, Hounslow, Merton, Newham, Richmond upon Thames, Waltham Forest
4	Greenwich, Lewisham	Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Ealing, Enfield, Haringey, Hounslow, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, Waltham Forest, Kingston upon Thames	Epping Forest (Essex)
5		Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Hillingdon, Kingston upon Thames, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, Waltham Forest	Epping Forest (Essex), Epsom and Ewell (Surrey)
6		Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Enfield, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Richmond upon Thames,	Elmbridge (Surrey), Epping Forest (Essex), Epsom and Ewell (Surrey), Hertsmere (Hertfordshire), Reigate and Banstead (Surrey), Tandridge (Surrey), Three Rivers (Hertfordshire)

Ancillary zones

Further information: List of stations in London fare zones 7–W

For some services outside Greater London where fares are set by Transport for London there are three additional zones 7, 8 and 9. They extend into Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire to include all stations served by TfL services (except Shenfield and Watford Junction) that are outside Greater London. Unlike zones 2–6 they do not form complete rings around London.

As of January 2013, there are eight National Rail stations outside Greater London, where Oyster card pay as you go is permitted and fares are set by the train operating companies. They are located in Essex and Hertfordshire and are organised into additional areas B, C, G and W. On maps these stations are shown as being outside fare zones 1–9 but within the 'special fares' Oyster pay as you go area.