Los Angeles International Airport

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"LAX" redirects here. For the song, see L.A. International Airport. For other uses, see LAX (disambiguation).
Los Angeles International Airport
250px
Los Angeles International Airport Aerial Photo.jpg
IATA: LAX – ICAO: KLAX – FAA LID: LAX
– WMO: 72295
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner City of Los Angeles
Operator Los Angeles World Airports
Serves Greater Los Angeles Area
Location Los Angeles, California
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL 128 ft / 39 m
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Website www.lawa.org
Maps
File:LAX Airport Diagram.pdf
FAA airport diagram
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 411: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).Location within the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
6L/24R 8,926 2,721 Concrete
6R/24L 10,885 3,318 Concrete
7L/25R 12,091 3,685 Concrete
7R/25L 11,095 3,382 Concrete
Statistics
Passengers (2016) 80,921,527
Aircraft operations (2016) 697,138
Economic impact (2012) $14.9 billion[3]
Social impact (2012) 133.9 thousand[3]

Los Angeles International Airport (IATA: LAX, ICAO: KLAX, FAA LID: LAX) is the largest and busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area and the state of California, as well as one of the largest international airports in the United States. It is most often referred to by its IATA airport code LAX, with the letters pronounced individually. LAX is in the southwestern Los Angeles area along the Pacific Ocean between the neighborhood of Westchester to its immediate north and the city of El Segundo to its immediate south. It is owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports, an agency of the government of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports.

In 2015, LAX handled 74,936,256 passengers, an increase of 6 percent from the previous year,[7] making it the world's seventh busiest airport by passenger traffic. The airport holds the claim for "the world's busiest origin and destination (O & D) airport," and has for many years. To wit, relative to other airports, many more travelers begin or end their trips in Los Angeles than use it as a connection. The airport also was the world's third busiest by aircraft movements. It is also the only airport to rank among the top five U.S. airports for both passenger and cargo traffic.[8]

While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, other airports, including Bob Hope Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, and Ontario International Airport, also serve the region. It is also notable for being one of the few U.S. airports with four parallel runways.

LAX serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines,[1] American Airlines, Delta Air Lines,[2] United Airlines, and Virgin America. The airport serves as a focus city for Allegiant Air, Air New Zealand, Qantas, Southwest Airlines, Spirit Airlines and Volaris. LAX serves as either a hub or focus city for more Mainline US Carriers than any other airport in the Country and is the only airport that all three legacy carriers have designated a hub.

As the largest and busiest international airport on the U.S. West Coast, LAX is a major gateway to and from Europe, Latin America, Asia and Oceania. With its deep connections to Asia and Latin America in particular, LAX is considered to be the premier "Gateway to the Pacific Rim."[9]

History

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Main article: History of Los Angeles International Airport
Los Angeles Municipal Airport on Army Day, c. 1931
Hangar No. 1 was the first structure at LAX, built in 1929, restored in 1990 and remaining in active use.[10]
Los Angeles International Airport, facing south, with Marina Del Rey in the foreground and Palos Verdes Peninsula in the background

In 1928, the Los Angeles City Council selected 640 acres (1.00 sq mi; 260 ha) in the southern part of Westchester for a new airport. The fields of wheat, barley and lima beans were converted into dirt landing strips without any terminal buildings. It was named Mines Field for William W. Mines, the real estate agent who arranged the deal.[11] The first structure, Hangar No. 1, was erected in 1929 and is in the National Register of Historic Places.[12]

Mines Field opened as the airport of Los Angeles in 1930 and the city purchased it to be a municipal airfield in 1937. The name became Los Angeles Airport in 1941 and Los Angeles International Airport in 1949.[13] In the 1930s the main airline airports were Burbank Airport (then known as Union Air Terminal, and later Lockheed) in Burbank and the Grand Central Airport in Glendale. (In 1940 the airlines were all at Burbank except for Mexicana's three departures a week from Glendale; in late 1946 most airline flights moved to LAX, but Burbank always retained a few.)[14]

Mines Field did not extend west of Sepulveda Boulevard;[15] Sepulveda was rerouted circa 1950 to loop around the west ends of the extended east–west runways (now runways 25L and 25R), which by November 1950 were 6,000 feet (1,800 m) long.[16] A tunnel was completed in 1953 allowing Sepulveda Boulevard to revert to straight and pass beneath the two runways; it was the first tunnel of its kind. For the next few years the two runways were 8,500 feet (2,600 m) long.[13][17]

The "X" in LAX

Before the 1930s, existing airports used a two-letter abbreviation based on the weather stations at the airports. At that time, "LA" served as the designation for Los Angeles Airport. But with the rapid growth in the aviation industry the designations expanded to three letters c. 1947, and "LA" became "LAX." The letter "X" has no specific meaning in this identifier.[18] "LAX" is also used for the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro and by Amtrak for Union Station in downtown Los Angeles.

Aircraft spotting

The "Imperial Hill" area (also known as Clutter's Park) in El Segundo is a prime location for aircraft spotting, especially for takeoffs. Another popular spotting location sits under the final approach for runways 24 L&R on a lawn next to the Westchester In-N-Out Burger on Sepulveda Boulevard. This is one of the few remaining locations in Southern California from which spotters may watch such a wide variety of low-flying commercial airliners from directly underneath a flight path.

Space Shuttle Endeavour

At 12:51 p.m. on Friday, September 21, 2012, a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft carrying the Space Shuttle Endeavour landed at LAX on runway 25L.[19] An estimated 10,000 people saw the shuttle land. Interstate 105 was backed up for miles at a standstill. Imperial Highway was shut down for spectators. It was quickly taken off the Boeing 747 and was moved to a United Airlines hangar. The shuttle spent about a month in the hangar while it was prepared to be transported to the California Science Center.

Theme Building

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Main article: Theme Building

The distinctive white googie "Theme Building", designed by Pereira & Luckman architect Paul Williams and constructed in 1961 by Robert E. McKee Construction Co., resembles a flying saucer that has landed on its four legs. A restaurant with a sweeping view of the airport is suspended beneath two arches that form the legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1992. A $4 million renovation, with retro-futuristic interior and electric lighting designed by Walt Disney Imagineering, was completed before the "Encounter Restaurant" opened there in 1997.[20] Visitors are able to take the elevator up to the roof of the "Theme Building", which closed after the September 11, 2001 attacks for security reasons and reopened to the public on weekends beginning on July 10, 2010.[21] Additionally, a memorial to the victims of the 9/11 attacks is located on the grounds, as three of the four hijacked planes were originally destined for LAX.[22]

Terminals

Overview

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Main article: Terminals of Los Angeles International Airport

LAX has nine passenger terminals arranged in the shape of the letter U or a horseshoe. The terminals are served by a shuttle bus. The Tom Bradley International Terminal and Terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are all connected airside via an overground passage between Terminal 4 and the Tom Bradley International Terminal, an underground tunnel between Terminals 4, 5 and 6 and above-ground walkways between Terminals 6, 7, and 8. An additional airside shuttle bus operates among Terminals 4, 6, and the American Eagle remote terminal. There are no physical airside connections between any of the other terminals.

In addition to these terminals, there are 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of cargo facilities at LAX, and a heliport operated by Bravo Aviation. Qantas[23] has a maintenance facility at LAX, even though it is not a hub.

Terminal Arrangements

  • Terminal 1 is exclusively used by Southwest Airlines.
  • Terminal 2 is used by most foreign carriers not handled at the Tom Bradley International Terminal.
  • Terminal 3 is used by low-cost and regional operators.
  • Terminal 4 is exclusively used by American Airlines.
  • Terminal 5 is used by American Airlines and Delta Air Lines.
  • Terminal 6 is used by Alaska Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and several smaller domestic operators.
  • Terminal 7 is exclusively used by United Airlines.
  • Terminal 8 is also exclusively used by United Airlines.
  • The Tom Bradley International Terminal (or TBIT) handles most foreign carriers.

Effective May 2017, Delta Air Lines will be moving to Terminals 2 and 3 while vacating Terminals 5 and 6.[24] Allegiant, Frontier, and Sun Country are moving flights to Terminal 5 while checking in at Terminal 6. Avianca, Copa, and Interjet will check in at Terminal 3 and flights will move to TBIT.

Airlines and destinations

LAX connects nonstop to 101 domestic and 85 international destinations in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. American Airlines/American Eagle operate the most departures from the airport, followed by United Airlines/United Express and Southwest Airlines. American operates the largest network of routes out of LAX serving more than 70 destinations, followed closely by Delta (58) and United (57).

Airlines Destinations
Aer Lingus Dublin[25]
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Aeroméxico Guadalajara, Mexico City
Air Berlin Berlin–Tegel (resumes May 16, 2017),[26] Düsseldorf
Air Canada Calgary, Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver
Air China Beijing–Capital, Shenzhen (begins July 6, 2017)[27]
Air France Papeete, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air New Zealand Auckland, London–Heathrow, Rarotonga
Air Tahiti Nui Papeete, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Alaska Airlines Anchorage, Baltimore,[28] Guadalajara, Havana, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Liberia (CR), Loreto, Manzanillo, Mazatlán, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Salt Lake City, San José del Cabo, San José (CR), Seattle/Tacoma, Washington–National
Alaska Airlines
operated by Horizon Air		 Mammoth Lakes, Medford, Monterey, Santa Rosa
Seasonal: Gunnison/Crested Butte, Sun Valley
Alaska Airlines
operated by SkyWest Airlines		 San Jose (CA) (begins September 20, 2017)
Alitalia Seasonal: Rome–Fiumicino
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Allegiant Air Albuquerque, Bellingham, Boise, Eugene, Grand Junction, Medford, Memphis (begins June 1, 2017),[29] Provo, Reno/Tahoe, Tulsa
Seasonal: Billings, Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Des Moines, Fargo, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Great Falls, Idaho Falls, Kalispell, Little Rock, McAllen, Missoula, Montrose, Oklahoma City, Sioux Falls, Springfield/Branson, Tri-Cities (WA), Wichita
American Airlines Atlanta, Austin, Belize City, Boston, Cancún, Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Hartford, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Kahului, Kailua–Kona, Las Vegas, Lihue, London–Heathrow, Mexico City, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–JFK, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Puerto Vallarta, Raleigh/Durham, St. Louis, San José del Cabo, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver,[30] Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Anchorage, Auckland,[31] Eagle/Vail, Jackson Hole, Sacramento (begins May 5, 2017), Montego Bay
Charter: Havana
American Eagle Albuquerque, El Paso, Eugene, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Fresno, Houston–Intercontinental, Kansas City, Mazatlán, Medford (begins June 2, 2017),[32] Montrose, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), Seattle/Tacoma, Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen, Austin, Durango (CO), Grand Junction (begins June 3, 2017),[33] Jackson Hole, Redmond/Bend
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Austrian Airlines Seasonal: Vienna
Avianca Bogotá
Avianca Costa Rica Guatemala City, San José (CR), San Salvador
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador
Boutique Air Merced
British Airways London–Heathrow
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Chengdu, Nanjing, Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou
Copa Airlines Panama City
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Austin, Belize City, Boston, Cancún, Cincinnati, Columbus (OH), Detroit, Guatemala City, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Kahului, Kailua–Kona, Kansas City, Las Vegas, León/Del Bajío, Lihue, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–JFK, Oakland, Orlando, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Raleigh/Durham, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Jose (CA), San José del Cabo, San José (CR), San Salvador, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney, Tampa, Tokyo–Haneda, Washington–National
Seasonal: Liberia (CR), Managua, Miami
Delta Connection Austin, Boise, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Mazatlán, Monterrey, Oakland, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Sacramento, San Antonio, San Diego, San Jose (CA), San José del Cabo, Spokane, Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen, Bozeman, Jackson Hole, Kalispell, Missoula, Portland (OR), Sun Valley
Delta Shuttle San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma
El Al Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa, Dublin
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Fiji Airways Nadi
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Denver, Orlando
Seasonal: Cleveland,[34] Colorado Springs (begins June 12, 2017)[35]
Great Lakes Airlines Prescott
Hainan Airlines Changsha, Chengdu,[36] Chongqing[36]
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu, Kahului, Lihue (Resume May 26, 2017)[37]
Seasonal: Kailua–Kona
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid
Interjet Cancún, Guadalajara, Mexico City
Japan Airlines Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
JetBlue Airways Boston, Buffalo, Fort Lauderdale, Orlando, New York–JFK
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
LATAM Chile Lima, Santiago de Chile
LATAM Perú Lima
LEVEL
operated by Iberia		 Barcelona (begins June 1, 2017)[38]
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin[39]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Mokulele Airlines El Centro, Santa Maria
Norwegian Air Shuttle
operated by Norwegian Long Haul		 Barcelona (begins June 5, 2017),[40] Copenhagen, London–Gatwick, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Oslo–Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda
Philippine Airlines Cebu, Manila
Qantas1 Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney
Qatar Airways Doha
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh
Scandinavian Airlines Stockholm–Arlanda
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu, Hangzhou, Jinan[41]
Singapore Airlines Seoul–Incheon,[42] Singapore, Tokyo–Narita
Southwest Airlines Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Cancún,[43] Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, El Paso, Houston–Hobby, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Liberia (CR), Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Oakland, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta,[43] Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San José del Cabo,[43] Tucson
Seasonal: Omaha
Spirit Airlines Atlanta, Baltimore, Cleveland, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Houston–Intercontinental, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New Orleans, Oakland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh (begins July 13, 2017), Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich
Thomas Cook Airlines Seasonal: Manchester (UK)
Turkish Airlines Istanbul–Atatürk
United Airlines Baltimore, Boston, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Denver, Hilo, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Kahului, Kailua–Kona, Las Vegas, Lihue, London–Heathrow, Melbourne, Mexico City, Newark, Orlando, Puerto Vallarta, San Francisco, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney, Tokyo–Narita, Washington–Dulles
Seasonal: Austin, Dallas/Fort Worth, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, San Antonio, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma, Vancouver
United Express Albuquerque, Austin, Boise, Colorado Springs, Dallas/Fort Worth, Fresno, Las Vegas, León/Del Bajío, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Monterey, Oklahoma City, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Seattle/Tacoma, Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen, Bozeman, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Houston–Intercontinental, Jackson Hole, Montrose, San Antonio
Virgin America Boston, Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas–Love, Fort Lauderdale, Kahului, Las Vegas, New York–JFK, Newark, Orlando, Philadelphia (resumes September 2, 2017),[44] San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Washington–Dulles
Seasonal: Honolulu
Virgin Atlantic London–Heathrow
Virgin Australia Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney
Volaris Aguascalientes, Durango, Guadalajara, León/Del Bajío, Mexico City, Morelia, Oaxaca (begins June 28, 2017),[45] Queretaro (begins May 16, 2017), Uruapan, Zacatecas
WestJet Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver
WOW air Reykjavík–Keflavík
XiamenAir Xiamen (begins June 28, 2017)[46]
XL Airways France Seasonal: Paris–Charles de Gaulle

Notes:

  • ^1 Qantas also flies to/from New York–JFK, but only for international, connecting traffic. Due to US federal law, foreign airlines may not transport revenue passengers solely between US destinations.

Cargo

Airlines Destinations
AeroUnion[47] Guadalajara, León/El Bajío, Mexico City, Monterrey
AirBridgeCargo Airlines[48] Amsterdam, Anchorage, Hong Kong, Shanghai–Pudong
Air China Cargo[49][50] Beijing–Capital, Quito, Shanghai–Pudong
Aloha Air Cargo
operated by ABX Air[51]		 Honolulu
Asiana Cargo[52] Anchorage, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon
Cargolux[53][54] Anchorage, Calgary, Glasgow–Prestwick, Luxembourg, Mexico City, Milano-Malpensa, Seattle/Tacoma
Cathay Pacific Cargo[55] Anchorage, Hong Kong, Mexico City, Portland (OR)[56]
Centurion Air Cargo[57] Guadalajara, Mexico City, Miami, Tokyo–Narita
China Airlines Cargo[58][59][60] Anchorage, Osaka, San Francisco, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines[61] Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Cargo[62][63][64] Guangzhou, Hefei, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Vancouver, Zhengzhou
DHL Aviation
operated by ABX Air[51]		 Cincinnati, Guadalajara, Honolulu, Huatulco, Mexico City, Portland (OR), San Francisco, San José (CR), Seattle–Boeing
DHL Aviation
operated by Air Transport International[65]		 Portland (OR), Seattle–Boeing
DHL Aviation
operated by Atlas Air[66][67]		 Anchorage, Calgary, Cincinnati, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
DHL Aviation
operated by Kalitta Air		 Honolulu, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon
DHL Aviation
operated by Southern Air		 Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle
DHL Aviation
operated by Polar Air Cargo[68][69][70]		 Anchorage, Cincinnati, Seoul–Incheon
DHL Express
operated by Ameriflight		 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Tucson
Emirates SkyCargo[71][72] Copenhagen, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Mexico City, Zaragoza
EVA Air Cargo[73] Anchorage, Taipei–Taoyuan
FedEx Express Boston, Burbank, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Edmonton, Fort Worth/Alliance, Fresno, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, Newark, Oakland, Ontario, Orange County, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), San Diego, Seattle/Tacoma, Sydney
Seasonal: Cincinnati
Florida West International Airways[74] Bogotá
Korean Air Cargo[75][76] Anchorage, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Tokyo–Narita
Lufthansa Cargo[77] Frankfurt, Manchester
MasAir[78] Campinas–Viracopos, Guadalajara, Mérida, Mexico City, Quito
National Cargo[79] Anchorage, Nagoya–Centrair
Nippon Cargo Airlines[80][81] San Francisco, Tokyo–Narita
Qantas Freight
operated by Atlas Air[82]		 Auckland, Chongqing, Honolulu, Melbourne, Sydney
Qatar Airways Cargo[83][84][85][86] Doha, Luxembourg, Mexico City
Singapore Airlines Cargo[87][88][89] Amsterdam, Anchorage, Brussels
Sky Lease Cargo[90] Miami, Tokyo–Narita
UPS Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Louisville, Ontario

Traffic and statistics

LAX handles more "origin and destination" (not connecting) passengers than any other airport in the world.[91][92]

The airport handled 28,861,477 enplanements, the total number of passengers boarding an aircraft, in 2008. This makes LAX the third busiest airport in the United States in terms of enplanements.[93]

It is the world's fifth-busiest airport by passenger traffic[94] and fifteenth-busiest by cargo traffic,[95] serving over 70.6 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight and mail in 2014. It is the busiest airport in the state of California, and the second-busiest airport by passenger boardings in the United States, based on final 2013 statistics.[96]

In terms of international passengers, as of 2012, LAX is the third busiest in the United States. (behind JFK in New York City and MIA in Miami)[97] and, as of 2006, 26th worldwide.[98]

The number of aircraft operations (landings and takeoffs) has steadily increased to 636,706 in 2014, up from 614,917 in 2013, according to the Federal Aviation Administration.[99] The Airports Council International places LAX at third most aircraft movements in the world, as of 2013.[100]

Traffic by calendar year
Enplaned and Deplaned Passengers Aircraft movements Freight
(tons)		 Mail
(tons)
1994 51,050,275 689,888 1,516,567 186,878
1995 53,909,223 732,639 1,567,248 193,747
1996 57,974,559 763,866 1,696,663 194,091
1997 60,142,588 781,492 1,852,487 212,410
1998 61,215,712 773,569 1,787,400 264,473
1999 64,279,571 779,150 1,884,526 253,695
2000 67,303,182 783,433 2,002,614 246,538
2001 61,606,204 738,433 1,779,065 162,629
2002 56,223,843 645,424 1,869,932 92,422
2003 54,982,838 622,378 1,924,883 97,193
2004 60,704,568 655,097 2,022,911 92,402
2005 61,489,398 650,629 2,048,817 88,371
2006 61,041,066 656,842 2,022,687 80,395
2007 62,438,583 680,954 2,010,820 66,707
2008 59,815,646 622,506 1,723,038 73,505
2009 56,520,843 544,833 1,599,782 64,073
2010 59,069,409 575,835 1,852,791 74,034
2011 61,862,052 603,912 1,789,204 80,442
2012 63,688,121 605,480 1,867,155 88,438
2013 66,667,619 614,917 1,848,764 77,286
2014 70,662,212 636,706 1,921,302 79,850
2015 74,936,256 655,564 2,047,197 94,299
2016 80,921,527 697,138 2,105,941 99,394
Source: Los Angeles World Airports[101]

Top domestic destinations

Busiest domestic routes to and from LAX
(February 2016 – January 2017)[102]
Rank Airport Passengers
1 San Francisco, California 1,814,820
2 New York–JFK, New York 1,671,610
3 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 1,455,350
4 Las Vegas, Nevada 1,348,000
5 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 1,347,830
6 Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas 1,126,280
7 Denver, Colorado 1,115,690
8 Honolulu, Hawaii 1,074,410
9 Atlanta, Georgia 1,073,750
10 Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona 901,690

Top international destinations

Busiest international routes from LAX (2015)[103]
Rank Airport Passengers Change 2014/2015 Carriers
1 London (Heathrow), United Kingdom 1,548,792 Increase00.8% Air New Zealand, American Airlines, British Airways, United, Virgin Atlantic
2 Tokyo (Narita), Japan 1,102,172 Increase00.5% ANA, American, Delta, Japan Airlines, Singapore Airlines, United
3 Seoul (Incheon), South Korea 1,083,522 Increase03.4% Asiana, Korean Air, Thai Airways
4 Taipei (Taoyuan), Taiwan 946,426 Increase04.5% China Airlines, EVA Air
5 Sydney, Australia 934,215 Decrease08.7% American, Delta, Qantas, United, Virgin Australia
6 Vancouver, Canada 896,490 Increase019.1% Air Canada, Alaska, American, Delta, United, WestJet
7 Guadalajara, Mexico 746,017 Increase00.8% Aeroméxico, Alaska, American, Delta, Interjet, Volaris
8 Mexico City, Mexico 725,575 Decrease05.5% Aeroméxico, American, United, Volaris
9 Toronto (Pearson), Canada 619,227 Increase02.5% Air Canada, American
10 Paris (Charles de Gaulle), France 579,311 Increase02.9% Air France, Air Tahiti Nui
11 Hong Kong, Hong Kong 553,214 Increase08.5% Cathay Pacific
12 Shanghai (Pudong), China 512,456 Increase04.5% American, China Eastern, Delta, United
13 Dubai (International), United Arab Emirates 486,975 Increase013.8% Emirates
14 Beijing (Capital), China 464,832 Increase04.2% Air China
15 Melbourne, Australia 445,525 Increase03.5% Qantas, United

Airline market share

Largest Airlines at LAX (February 2016 – January 2017)[102]
Rank Airline Passengers Share
1 American Airlines 11,382,000 19.91%
2 Delta Air Lines 9,644,000 16.87%
3 Southwest Airlines 9,373,000 16.40%
4 United Airlines 8,526,000 14.92%
5 SkyWest Airlines 2,672,000 4.68%

Ground transportation

Transportation between terminals

Shuttles operate to and from the terminals, providing frequent service for connecting passengers. However, connecting passengers who use these shuttles must leave and then later reenter security. Underground tunnels connect between terminals 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and an above-ground connector between TBIT and terminal 4 opened in February 2016.[104]

One of the large LAX signs that greet visitors to Los Angeles International Airport. This sign is at the Century Boulevard entrance to the airport.

Freeways and roads

LAX's terminals are immediately west of the interchange between Century Boulevard and Sepulveda Boulevard (State Route 1). The 405 Freeway can be reached to the east via Century Boulevard, and the 105 Freeway can be reached to the south via Sepulveda Boulevard.

The 405 freeway near LAX

Bus

LAX City Bus Center

The closest bus stops to the terminals are the pair of opposites on Sepulveda Boulevard and Century Boulevard, served by Metro 117, Torrance 8, Metro 232, Commuter Express 574 and Metro 40 to Los Angeles Union Station (owl service only).

In addition, out of a number of bus systems, many routes (local, rapid and express) of the LACMTA Metro 232 to Long Beach, Line 8 of Torrance Transit, Line 109 of Beach Cities Transit, the Santa Monica Big Blue Bus system's Line 3 and Rapid 3 via Lincoln Boulevard to Santa Monica and the Culver CityBus's Line 6 and Rapid 6 via Sepulveda Blvd to Culver City and UCLA, LADOT Commuter Express 438 to Downtown LA (Monday-Friday Rush hours AM), all make stops at the LAX Transit Center in Parking Lot C. on 96th St., where shuttle bus "C" offers free connections to and from every LAX terminal, and at the Green Line, where shuttle bus "G" connects to and from the terminals.

The Taiwanese airline China Airlines operates a bus service from LAX to Monterey Park and Rowland Heights. This service is only available for China Airlines customers.[105]

FlyAway Bus

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Main article: FlyAway Bus
FlyAway Bus at Los Angeles Union Station

The FlyAway Bus is a nonstop motorcoach/shuttle service run by the LAWA, which provides scheduled service between LAX and Downtown Los Angeles (Union Station), the San Fernando Valley (Van Nuys), West Los Angeles (Westwood), Hollywood, Long Beach, California, and Santa Monica was discontinued in 2015.. The Irvine FlyAway was discontinued on August 31, 2012. The shuttle service stops at every LAX terminal. The service hours vary based on the line. All lines use the regional system of High Occupancy Vehicle lanes to expedite their trips. The Los Angeles Union Station service and a late-night branch of Metro Local route 40 are the only direct transport links between the airport and Downtown Los Angeles.

Metro Rail

Shuttle bus "G" offers a free connection to and from the Aviation/LAX station on the Los Angeles Metro Rail Green Line. The line was originally intended to connect directly to the airport terminals, but budgetary restraints and opposition from local taxi and parking lot owners impeded its progress and won.

Airport Metro Connector

Template:Airport Metro Connector In June 2014, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority approved a $200 million Metro Rail infill station called Aviation/96th Street on the under construction Crenshaw/LAX Line to connect to an automated people mover (APM) system called the Airport Metro Connector, connecting terminals 1–8 to the light rail systems.[106] The people mover will have six stations: three serving the central terminal area, one serving a ground transportation hub, one serving the infill light rail station, and one serving a rental car hub, decreasing the need for shuttle bus services. Construction, estimated to cost $1.5 billion, is planned to start in early 2017 and to be completed by early 2024.[107][108] Currently, shuttle bus "G" runs every 10–15 minutes (synched with the train schedule) from 5 am – 1:30 am.[109]

Taxis and private shuttles

Taxicab services are operated by nine city-authorized taxi companies and regulated by Authorized Taxicab Supervision Inc. (ATS). ATS maintains a taxicab holding lot under the 96th Street Bridge where, at peak periods, hundreds of cabs queue up to wait their turn to pull into the central terminal area to pick up passengers. A number of private shuttle companies also offer limousine and bus services to LAX Airport.

Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles

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Main article: Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles

The airport also functions as a joint civil-military facility, providing a base for the United States Coast Guard and its Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles facility, operating four HH-65 Dolphin helicopters, which covers Coast Guard operations in various Southern California locations, including Catalina Island. Missions include search and rescue (SAR), law enforcement, aids to navigation support (such as operating lighthouses) and various military operations. In addition, Coast Guard helicopters assigned to the air station deploy to Coast Guard cutters.

The Coast Guard is planning to close Coast Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles and move its aircraft and personnel to Naval Air Station Point Mugu, part of Naval Base Ventura County in Oxnard, California, when the lease on the existing facility ends in 2016.[110][111]

Flight Path Learning Center & Museum

The light towers, first installed in preparation for the Democratic National Convention in 2000, change colors throughout the night

The Flight Path Learning Center is a museum located at 6661 Imperial Highway and was formerly known as the "West Imperial Terminal". This building used to house some charter flights (Condor Airlines) and regular scheduled flights by MGM Grand Air. It sat empty for 10 years until it was re-opened as a learning center for LAX.

The center contains information on the history of aviation, several pictures of the airport, as well as aircraft scale models, flight attendant uniforms, and general airline memorabilia such as playing cards, china, magazines, signs, even a TWA gate information sign. The museum also offers school tours and a guest speaker program.

The museum's library contains an extensive collection of rare items such as aircraft manufacturer company newsletters/magazines, technical manuals for both military and civilian aircraft, industry magazines dating back to World War II and before, historic photographs and other invaluable references on aircraft operation and manufacturing.[112]

The museum has on display "The Spirit of Seventy-Six," which is a DC-3 (DC-3-262, Serial No. 3269). After being in commercial airline service, the plane served as a corporate aircraft for Union Oil Company for 32 years. The plane was built in the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Santa Monica in January 1941, which was a major producer of both commercial and military aircraft.[113]

The museum claims to be "the only aviation museum and research center situated at a major airport and the only facility with a primary emphasis on contributions of civil aviation to the history and development of Southern California".[114] There are other museums at major airports, however, including the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum adjacent to Washington Dulles Airport, the Royal Thai Air Force Museum at Don Muang Airport, the Suomen ilmailumuseo (Finnish Aviation Museum) at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, the Frontiers of Flight Museum at Dallas Love Field, the Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium at Tulsa International Airport and others.

Other facilities

Hotels next to LAX

The airport has the administrative offices of Los Angeles World Airports.[115]

Continental Airlines once had its corporate headquarters on the airport property. At a 1962 press conference in the office of Mayor of Los Angeles Sam Yorty, Continental Airlines announced that it planned to move its headquarters to Los Angeles in July 1963.[116] In 1963 Continental Airlines headquarters moved to a two-story, $2.3 million building on the grounds of the airport.[117][118] The July 2009 Continental Magazine issue stated that the move "underlined Continental Airlines western and Pacific orientation".[119] On July 1, 1983 the airline's headquarters were relocated to the America Tower in the Neartown area of Houston.[120]

In addition to Continental Airlines, Western Airlines and Flying Tiger Line also had their headquarters at LAX.[121][122]

Accidents and incidents

During its history there have been numerous incidents, but only the most notable are summarized below:[123]

1930s

  • On January 23, 1939, the sole prototype Douglas 7B twin-engine attack bomber, designed and built as a company project, suffered loss of vertical fin and rudder during demonstration flight over Mines Field, flat spun into the parking lot of North American Aviation, burned. Another source states that the test pilot, in an attempt to impress the Gallic passenger, attempted a snap roll at low altitude with one engine feathered, resulting in the fatal spin.[124] Douglas test pilot Johnny Cable bailed out at 300 feet, chute unfurled but did not have time to deploy, killed on impact, flight engineer John Parks rode the airframe in and died, but 33-year-old French Air Force Capt. Paul Chemidlin, riding in aft fuselage near top turret, survived with broken leg, severe back injuries, slight concussion. Presence of Chemidlin, a representative of foreign purchasing mission, caused a furor in Congress by isolationists over neutrality and export laws. Type was developed as Douglas DB-7.[125]

1940s

  • On June 1, 1940, the first Douglas R3D-1 for the U.S. Navy, BuNo 1901, crashed at Mines Field, before delivery. The Navy later acquired the privately owned DC-5 prototype, from William E. Boeing as a replacement.[126]
  • On November 20, 1940, the prototype NA-73X Mustang, NX19998,[127] first flown October 26, 1940, by test pilot Vance Breese, crashed this date.[128] According to P-51 designer Edgar Schmued, the NA-73 was lost because test pilot Paul Balfour refused, before a high-speed test run, to go through the takeoff and flight test procedure with Schmued while the aircraft was on the ground, claiming "one airplane was like another". After making two high speed passes over Mines Field, he forgot to put the fuel valve on "reserve" and during third pass ran out of fuel. Emergency landing in a freshly plowed field caused wheels to dig in, aircraft flipped over, airframe was not rebuilt, the second aircraft being used for subsequent testing.[129]
  • On October 26, 1944, WASP pilot Gertrude Tompkins Silver of the 601st Ferrying Squadron, 5th Ferrying Group, Love Field, Dallas, Texas, departed Los Angeles Airport, in North American P-51D Mustang, 44-15669,[130] at 1600 hrs PWT, headed for the East Coast. She took off into the wind, into an offshore fog bank, and was expected that night at Palm Springs. She never arrived. Due to a paperwork foul-up, a search did not get under way for several days, and while the eventual search of land and sea was massive, it failed to find a trace of Silver or her plane. She is the only missing WASP pilot. She had married Sgt. Henry Silver one month before her disappearance.[131]

1960s

  • On January 13, 1969, a Scandinavian Airlines System Douglas DC-8-62, Flight 933, crashed into Santa Monica Bay, approximately 6 nautical miles (11 km) west of LAX at 7:21 pm, local time. The aircraft was operating as flight SK-933, nearing the completion of a flight from Seattle. Of nine crewmembers, three lost their lives to drowning, while 12 of the 36 passengers also drowned.
  • On January 18, 1969, United Airlines Flight 266 a Boeing 727-200 bearing the registration number N7434U, crashed into Santa Monica Bay approximately 11.3 miles (18.2 km) west of LAX at 6:21 pm local time. The aircraft was destroyed, resulting in the loss of all 32 passengers and six crew members aboard.

1970s

  • On the evening of June 6, 1971, Hughes Airwest Flight 706, a Douglas DC-9 jetliner that had departed LAX on a flight to Salt Lake City, Utah, was struck nine minutes after takeoff by a U.S. Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter jet over the San Gabriel Mountains. The midair collision killed all 44 passengers and five crew members aboard the DC-9 airliner and one of two crewmen aboard the military jet.
  • On August 6, 1974, a bomb exploded near the Pan Am ticketing area at Terminal 2; three people were killed and 35 were injured.[132]
  • On March 1, 1978, two tires burst in succession on a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 on Continental Airlines Flight 603 during its takeoff roll at LAX and the plane, bound for Honolulu, veered off the runway. A third tire burst and the DC-10's left landing gear collapsed, causing a fuel tank to rupture. Following the aborted takeoff, spilled fuel ignited and enveloped the center portion of the aircraft in flames. During the ensuing emergency evacuation, a husband and wife died when they exited the passenger cabin onto the wing and dropped down directly into the flames. Two additional passengers died of their injuries approximately three months after the accident; 74 others aboard the plane were injured, as were 11 firemen battling the fire.
  • On the evening of March 10, 1979, Swift Aire Flight 235, a twin-engine Aerospatiale Nord 262A-33 turboprop en route to Santa Maria, was forced to ditch in Santa Monica Bay after experiencing engine problems upon takeoff from LAX. The pilot, co-pilot and a female passenger drowned when they were unable to exit the aircraft after the ditching. The female flight attendant and the three remaining passengers—two men and a pregnant woman—survived and were rescued by several pleasure boats and other watercraft in the vicinity.

1980s

  • On August 31, 1986, Aeroméxico Flight 498, a DC-9 en route from Mexico City, Mexico to Los Angeles, began its descent into LAX when a Piper Cherokee collided with the DC-9's left horizontal stabilizer over Cerritos, California, causing the DC-9 to crash into a residential neighborhood. All 67 people on the two aircraft were killed, in addition to 15 people on the ground. 5 homes were destroyed and an additional 7 were damaged by the crash and resulting fire. The Piper went down in a nearby schoolyard and caused no further injuries on the ground. As a result of this incident, the FAA required all commercial aircraft to be equipped with Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).

1990s

  • On February 1, 1991, USAir Flight 1493 (arriving from Columbus, Ohio), a Boeing 737-300, landing on runway 24L at LAX, collided on touchdown with a SkyWest Airlines Fairchild Metroliner, Flight 5569 departing to Palmdale, California. The Skywest plane was given clearance to wait on the runway for takeoff. The same controller then gave the USAir plane clearance to land on the same runway, forgetting that the SkyWest plane was there. The collision killed all 12 occupants of the SkyWest plane and 22 people aboard the USAir 737.[133][134]

2000s

  • Al-Qaeda attempted to bomb LAX on New Year's Eve 1999/2000. The bomber, Algerian Ahmed Ressam, was captured in Port Angeles, Washington, the U.S. port of entry, with a cache of explosives that could have produced a blast 40 times greater than that of a car bomb hidden in the trunk of the rented car in which he had traveled from Canada.[135][136] He had planned to leave one or two suitcases filled with explosives in an LAX passenger waiting area.[137][138] He was initially sentenced to 22 years in prison, but in February 2010 an appellate court ordered that his sentence be extended.[139]
  • On January 31, 2000, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83 jetliner flying from Puerto Vallarta, Mexico to San Francisco and Seattle, requested an emergency landing at LAX after experiencing problems with its tail-mounted horizontal stabilizer. Before the plane could divert to Los Angeles, it suddenly plummeted into the Pacific Ocean approximately 2.7 miles (4.3 km) north of Anacapa Island off the California coast, killing all 88 people aboard.[140]
  • Three of the aircraft hijacked as part of the September 11, 2001 attacks (American Airlines Flight 11, American Airlines Flight 77, and United Airlines Flight 175) were scheduled services to LAX.
  • In the 2002 Los Angeles International Airport shooting of July 4, 2002, Hesham Mohamed Hadayet killed two Israelis at the ticket counter of El Al Airlines at LAX. Although the gunman was not linked to any terrorist group, the man was upset at U.S. support for Israel, and therefore was motivated by political disagreement. This led the FBI to classify this shooting as a terrorist act,[141] one of the few on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks.
  • On September 21, 2005, JetBlue Flight 292, an Airbus A320 discovered a problem with its landing gear as it took off from Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, California. It flew in circles for three hours to burn off fuel, then landed safely at Los Angeles International Airport on runway 25L, balancing on its back wheels as it rolled down the center of the runway. Passengers were able to watch their own coverage live from the satellite broadcast on JetBlue in-flight TV seat displays of their plane as it made an emergency landing with the front landing gear visibly becoming damaged. Because JetBlue did not serve LAX at the time, the aircraft was evaluated and repaired at a Continental Airlines hangar.[142][143]
  • On July 29, 2006, after America West Express Flight 6008, a Canadair Regional Jet operated by Mesa Airlines from Phoenix, Arizona, landed on runway 25L, controllers instructed the pilot to leave the runway on a taxiway known as "Mike" and stop short of runway 25R. Even though the pilot read back the instructions correctly, he accidentally taxied onto 25R and into the path of a departing SkyWest Airlines Embraer EMB-120 operating United Express Flight 6037 to Monterey, California. They cleared each other by 50 feet (15 m) and nobody was hurt.[144]
  • On August 16, 2007, a runway incursion occurred between WestJet Flight 900 and Northwest Airlines Flight 180 on runways 24R and 24L, respectively, with the aircraft coming within 37 feet (11 m) of each other. The planes were carrying a combined total of 296 people, none of whom were injured. The NTSB concluded that the incursion was the result of controller error.[145] In September 2007, FAA Administrator Marion Blakey stressed the need for LAX to increase lateral separation between its pair of north runways in order to preserve the safety and efficiency of the airport.[146]

2010s

  • On October 13 and 14, 2013, two incidents of dry ice bomb explosions occurred at the airport. The first dry ice bomb exploded at 7:00 p.m. in an employee restroom in Terminal 2, injuring nobody. Terminal 2 was briefly shut down as a result. On the next day at 8:30 p.m., a dry ice bomb exploded on the ramp area near the Tom Bradley International Terminal, injuring nobody. Two other plastic bottles containing dry ice were found at the scene during the second explosion. On October 15, a 28-year-old airport employee was arrested in connection with the explosions and was booked on charges of possession of an explosive or destructive device near an aircraft. He is currently held on a $1 million bail.[147][148][149] On October 18, a 41-year-old airport employee was arrested in connection with the second explosion, and was booked on suspicion of possessing a destructive device near an aircraft.[150] Authorities believe that the incidents are not linked to terrorism.[147]
  • In the 2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting of November 1, 2013, at around 9:31 a.m. PDT, a lone gunman entered Terminal 3 and opened fire with a semi-automatic rifle, killing a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officer and wounding three other people. The gunman was later apprehended and taken into custody. Until the situation was clarified and under control, a few terminals at the airport were evacuated, all inbound flights were diverted and all outbound flights were grounded until the airport began returning to normal operation at around 2:30 p.m.[151][152]
  • On August 28, 2016 there was a false report of shots fired throughout the airport, causing a temporary lock down and about 3 hours of flight delays.[153]

Planned modernization

File:Tom Bradley West Terminal Bon Voyage screen.jpg
New Tom Bradley West International Terminal "Bon Voyage" screen that greets travelers about to depart through the expanded concourse

LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX. These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of very large passenger aircraft.

These improvements include:[154]

  • New crossfield taxiway
  • New large aircraft gates at Tom Bradley International Terminal
  • TBIT core improvements
  • New Midfield Satellite Concourse
  • Replacement of Central Utility Plant
  • Terminal and Runway Improvements

LAWA is also planning to build and operate an automated people mover. This small train will include three stations in the central terminal area and three outside east of the terminals at a new intermodal transportation facility, connecting passengers between the central terminal area and the Metro Green Line, the future Metro Crenshaw Line, and regional and local bus lines and a consolidated car rental facility.[155][156]

In popular culture

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Main article: LAX airport in popular culture

Numerous films and television shows have been set or filmed partially at LAX, at least partly due to the airport's proximity to Hollywood studios. Film shoots at the Los Angeles airports, including LAX, produced $590 million for the Los Angeles region from 2002 to 2005.[157]

See also

References

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  136. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  137. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  138. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. [sic]
  139. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  140. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  141. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  142. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  143. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  145. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  146. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  148. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  149. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  150. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  151. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  152. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  153. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  155. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  156. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  157. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

  • Bullock, Freddy. LAX: Los Angeles International Airport (1998)
  • Schoneberger, William A., Ethel Pattison, and Lee Nichols. Los Angeles International Airport (Arcadia Publishing, 2009.)

External links

 Playa del Rey Westchester Inglewood
Dockweiler State Beach and Pacific Ocean Lennox
  Los Angeles International Airport-LAX  
Hyperion plant El Segundo Hawthorne

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