Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol

Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
File:Ligny 1475.jpg Later portrait of Louis, Comte de Saint-Pol
Spouse(s)	Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons Marie of Savoy
Noble family	House of Luxembourg
Father	Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol
Mother	Margaret de Baux
Born	1418
Died	19 December 1475(1475-12-19) Paris

Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol, of Brienne, de Ligny, and Conversano (1418 – 19 December 1475) belonged to the Ligny branch of the House of Luxemburg and was Constable of France.

Saint-Pol was the eldest son of Peter of Luxembourg and Margaret de Baux. His older sister Jacqueline, better known as Jacquetta of Luxembourg, married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, and Louis was initially a supporter of the Lancastrian cause in the English Wars of the Roses.

He was brought up by his uncle, John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, who named Louis as heir to his estates. However, King Charles VII of France sequestrated the estates on John's death in 1441. As a result, Saint-Pol sought a rapprochement with the French king and duly had his inheritance restored to him. However, the county of Guise was claimed by Charles, Count of Maine. The affair was settled by an agreement that Saint-Pol's sister Isabelle would marry the Count of Maine and receive the disputed lands as her dowry.

Saint-Pol became a close friend of the Dauphin Louis, the future King Louis XI of France and fought with him in Flanders and in Normandy. However, in 1465 Saint-Pol broke with his friend, now King, to join with the King's brother, Charles, Duke of Berry in the League of the Public Weal. At the battle of Montlhéry, he commanded the van of Charles the Bold's army, yet later was made constable of France by Louis XI. The Treaty of Conflans ended the war, while Saint-Pol received the hand of the King's sister-in-law, Maria of Savoy.

After this, he was persistently disloyal to the King, conspiring with Charles, Count of Charolais, and with Edward IV of England, his nephew by marriage. The final treason came in 1474 when Saint-Pol approached Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, who had already entered into a compact with Edward IV of England to dismember France in a renewal of the Hundred Years' War. The scheme envisaged the murder of Louis and the sub-division of France between Saint-Pol, the Dukes of Burgundy, Brittany, Bourbon and Namours, the Count of Maine and King Edward. Saint-Pol then proceeded to draw other magnates into the conspiracy.

The whole thing started to unravel after Louis and Edward concluded the Treaty of Picquigny in August 1475. Angered by this, Saint-Pol was imprudent enough to write to Edward, upbraiding him as a "cowardly, dishonoured and beggarly king". Edward promptly forwarded the letter to Louis, who now had all the proof he needed. A messenger was sent to the conspirator, in which he was informed that the King had 'need of a head such as his.' He was arrested in September 1475, and later imprisoned in the Bastille. Execution followed in December. Philippe de Commynes, the chief chronicler of Louis' reign, was to write that Saint-Pol had been "abandoned by God because he had tried with all his might to prolong the hostilities between the King and the Duke of Burgunday."

From 1468 to 1472 his chaplain was the well-known translator, author and scribe Jean Miélot.

Louis de Luxembourg married twice, first to Jeanne de Bar, Countess of Marle and Soissons (died 1462), and secondly to Marie of Savoy. He left at least nine legitimate children, including:

• John of Luxembourg, Count of Soissons
• Pierre II de Luxembourg
• Jacqueline of Luxembourg, married Philip I of Croy (died 1511)
• Anthony I, Count of Ligny

Ancestry

Family of Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol

16. John I of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny               8. Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny                       17. Alix de Dampierre               4. John of Luxembourg, Lord of Beauvoir                             18. John of Châtillon, Count of Saint-Pol               9. Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint-Pol                       19. Jeanne de Fiennes               2. Peter of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol                                   20. Walter III of Enghien               10. Louis of Enghien                       21. Isabella of Brienne               5. Marguerite of Enghien                             22. Antonio of Sanseverino, 5th Count of Marsico               11. Giovanna of Sanseverino                       23. Isabella del Balzo               1. Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol                                         24. Bertrand II del Balzo, Seigneur de Berre               12. Bertrand III del Balzo, Count of Andria and Squillace                       25. Berengère Mauvoisin de la Penne               6. Francesco del Balzo, 1st Duke of Andria                             26. Vilain II d'Aulnay, Baron of Arcadia               13. Marguerite d'Aulnay                       27. Jeanne de Bruyeres               3. Margherita del Balzo                                   28. Roberto Orsini, Count of Nola               14. Nicola Orsini, Count of Nola                       29. Sueva del Balzo               7. Sueva Orsini                             31. Guillaume de Sabran, 3rd Count of Ariano               15. Jeanne de Sabran                       31. Francesca di Celano, Countess of Anglone

References

• The Memoirs of Philippe de Commines are a major source on the life of Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol.