Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France

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Louis Joseph
Dauphin of France
Louis Joseph of France1.jpg
Born (1781-10-22)22 October 1781
Palace of Versailles, France
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Château de Meudon, France
Full name
Louis Joseph Xavier François de France
House Bourbon
Father Louis XVI of France
Mother Marie Antoinette

Louis Joseph de France (Louis Joseph Xavier François; 22 October 1781 – 4 June 1789) was the second child and elder son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette. As the heir apparent to the French throne, he was called the twenty-sixth Dauphin of France—the hereditary "crown prince" title of the Capetian and Bourbon Monarchies as well as of medieval and early-modern France.

As the eldest son of the king he was a "Fils de France", literally a "Son of France". Louis Joseph died at age seven of tuberculosis of the spine amidst the political turmoil and power machinations surrounding the Estates-General of 1789, for which period his parents' actions were so heavily criticized, giving rise to the deterioration of relations with the Estates.

Other historians have more recently suggested their grief at his illness and passing were causal—major contributing factors in the political events in which case, their grief, at least, in part exculpates the resultant events with a sympathy for their all too human grief, worry, and overall preoccupations during that crisis since they were accustomed to absolute rule.[citation needed]

Regardless of causality, the Dauphin's death bookends a chain of events leading up to the further sliding crash of the French economy, the disrepute and eventual dissolution of the French Monarchy, and beyond to the many excesses of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars—the beginning epoch of which is dated from about two weeks after the prince's death with the very first meeting of the National Assembly on June 17 independent of permissions from the King or other authorities, and three days later, the Tennis Court Oath.

Louis Joseph was succeeded as the French crown prince by his four-year-old brother Louis-Charles, Dauphin of France who eventually became the imprisoned and uncrowned king Louis XVII of France, who also died of illness during the period accounted that of the French Revolution — though he would die of a lingering illness suffered over years of captivity as the heir of their executed father.

Biography

Louis Joseph Xavier François de France was born at the Palace of Versailles on 22 October 1781; he was the long awaited Dauphin of France. His elder sister, Princess Marie Thérèse Charlotte, was not allowed to succeed to the throne due to the Salic Law. The birth of Louis Joseph at that point ruined his uncle's hopes of becoming the King of France[1]

His private household was created upon his birth and he was put into the care of Geneviève Poitrine, one of his wet nurses. It was Geneviève who was later accused of transmitting tuberculosis to the young Dauphin. His Sous gouverneur was Maréchal de camp Antoine Charles Augustin d'Allonville. Another member of his household was his mother's great friend, Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac.

Legacy

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, is named for him[2] (Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France). The Pennsylvania legislature, meeting in Philadelphia in 1785, to thank France for helping America win her independence from Great Britain, named the newly formed county, "Dauphin", northwest of Lancaster and north of York, in which Harrisburg is located. The borough of Dauphin, so named when it was incorporated in 1845, is also located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It is also, at least indirectly, named for him.

Ancestry

Family of Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Louis, Dauphin of France (1682–1712)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Louis XV of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Princess Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–65)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Stanislaus I Leszczyński of Poland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Marie Leszczyńska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Catherine Opalińska
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Louis XVI of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Augustus II of Poland
Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Augustus III of Poland
Elector of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Margravine Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Duchess Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Louis Joseph of France
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Archduchess Eleonor of Austria
Queen Dowager of Poland-Lithuania
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Countess Palatine Elizabeth Charlotte of Simmern
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
(Marie Antoinette)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Maria Theresa of Austria
Queen of Hungary & Bohemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. Later Louis XVIII of France; he married Princess Marie Josephine Louise of Savoy but had no issue
  2. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

History of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania Historical Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 22 October 1781 Died: 4 June 1789
French royalty
Preceded by Dauphin of France
22 October 1781 – 4 June 1789
Succeeded by
Louis Charles